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1、2023年英美文学词汇（定稿） 第一篇：英美文学词汇定稿 英美文学英国部分 词汇0 1An Introduction to Old Medival English Literature 中古时期英语文学介绍 bold 大胆的 mournful 哀痛的 elegiac 挽歌的 survive 幸存的 secular 长期的 biblical 圣经的 Genesis 起源 Exodus(古代以色列人)出埃及 Old Testament 基督教的旧约全书 testament 遗嘱 Rood 十字架;耶酥受难像 New Testament基督教的新约全书 portray 描绘 warrior 战士,武
2、士 stride 跨过 in addition to 除之外 epic 史诗 doctrine 说教 evoke 唤起,引起 harshness 肃穆 circumstance 环境,境况 lot 命运 harsh 荒芜的 sorrowful 哀痛的 fatalistic 宿命论的 courageous 有志气的 determined 有决心的 typical 典型的 ?setting bards 吟游诗人 minstrel 吟游诗人(或歌手)script 本来,手迹 funeral 葬礼 compose against impend 即将发生;进行威胁 exploit 开拓 Scandina
3、via斯堪的那维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)revengeful 报复的,深藏仇恨的 ?sequence 次序 glorious 荣耀的Thematically 从主题上说 primitive 远古的;原始的 wage 发动 hostile force 敌对邪恶势力 mighty 强大的,有力的 mingling 混合 mingle embody 具体表达 ruddy 红的 ?Rome-backed barren 单调的,不孕的 flourish 旺盛 utter 发表;反射 ?style, tone, genre 风格、语气、流派 presentation 表达 accurat
4、e 精确的 originality 创新 absent 缺少 salvation 挽救 narrative verse 表达诗 prose 散文 Romance 骑士(传奇)文学 characteristic 典型的 motif 主题;动机;主旨 quest 寻求 encounter 遭受 beloved 所爱的人 accomplish 完成;实现 infidelity 失真 maiden 少女;处女 liberal 自由主义的;不拘泥的 improbable 不行能的supernatural 不行思意的事,超自然的 mysteries 奇妙的事物 fantasies 幻想 plot 情节;结
5、构 Characterization 人物创建;描述 standardize 使标准化 wicked 邪恶的 ?steward episodic 插话式的straightforward 坦率地;简洁的,干脆的 aristocratic 贵族化的!chivalric 有骑士风度的a gallery of 一系列(gallery,走廊)?walks of life masterpiece 名著,杰作 aristocracy 贵族,贵族政府 be conscious of 知道 ideals 志向;观念的;唯心论的 practical matter 实际事物 detached 分别的 art 奇异
6、peculiarly 特有的 asceticism 禁欲主义 quick wit 灵敏,聪明的才智 expose 揭露 satirize 挖苦 abuse 陋俗;滥用;虐待;辱骂 essentially 本质上 humanism 人文主义 anticipated 预示的 deal with 涉及 observant 奉行者,遵遵守法律律或规章、风俗的人 ?ever-present 经常存在的 clash 冲突 temperament 气质;性情 comic 喜剧的;滑稽的 ironic 挖苦的 obtainable 可得到的 distinctions 区分;特性 bourgeoisie 资产阶
7、级 depict 描写 asserting 声称;断言 artistic 艺术的 ?depositions ?rhymed stanzasalliterative verse头韵的 octosyllabic 八音节的诗句 couplet 对句(双行诗)the rhymed couplet iambic 抑扬格诗 pentameter 五步格诗 heroic couplet 英雄体双行诗 ease 安逸 prosody 诗体论;作诗法;韵律学virtually 事实上 strife n.斗争,冲突 opposing adj.相反的,对立的 sect n.宗派,教派,流派 Roman Cathol
8、icism 天主教 Anglican Church 英国国教 Dissenter n.非国教派的人 divergence n.分歧India 印度 West Indies 西印度群岛 adequate adj.足够的 standardized 标准的,定型的 privileged adj.有特权的 plundered n.抢劫,战利品 self-restraint 自制 self-reliance 自我实现 furtherance n.促进 philosophical adj.哲学的 celebrate v.赞美 rationality n.唯理性 call for a reference t
9、o order, reason and rules yardstick n.准绳 measurement n.度量 superstition 迷信 injustice 不公允 opression 压力 yield place to 让步,屈服 dualistic 二元的mass v.聚集 democratic adj.民主的didactic adj.说教的 moralize v.说教 revival 复苏 proportion 比例 unity 统一 grace 优雅,秀丽 delight 使喜悦 correct 告戒 primarily 根本上,首先 urbane adj.文雅的 witty
10、 adj.诙谐的 genre n.流派 prose n.散文 direct adj.干脆的smooth adj.流畅的flexible adj.灵敏的lyrical adj.抒情的epical adj.叙事的satiric adj.挖苦的Heroic Couplets 英雄体双行诗observed v.说,评述 represent v.扮演,表现 sentimentalists n.感伤主义者 in due time 刚好的 wholesome adj.健康的 clarity n.清楚,透亮 conciseness n.简明 permanent heritage 永久遗产 school n.学
11、派 epigram n.挖苦短诗 earnestness adj.热心的 其次篇：英美文学 Analysis of Robinson Crusoe 2023级师范三班刘静 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was
12、 against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crus
13、oe Robinson is Defoes first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing busin
14、ess, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization
15、 tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the n
16、arrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a
17、 fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlig
18、htenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The des
19、erted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Cr
20、usoe story, like J.M.Coetzees Foe and Michel Tourniers Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoes failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the natives perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context
21、of the novel.Fridays sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoes knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Fridays full understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Fridays exubera
22、nce and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoes personality.Despite Fridays subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which i
23、s a remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoes own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new
24、world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and never lose hope. 第三篇：英美文学 英美文学复习方法 一、找到英美文学的辅导书，例如自考一本通自考直通车等类型的汉语版辅导书。 二、先把汉语版辅导书的课文翻译通读，理解了全书每个章节的内容和学问点；用汉语记录重点； 三、第一轮复习依次： 1、先看英国文学，后看美国文学 2、依据时间依次看，每个时代都有代表性文学流派和代表作家及代表性作品 3、依据课本的章节依次，看完
25、汉语译文后，比照英语译文，划出课本上对每个时代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和评论。名词性描述一般是填空题和选择搭配题；评论部分是简洁题和问答题；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介绍不用看；记住某个时代某个流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及该作品的简要介绍和评论。 4、依据章节划出重点信息，然后整理笔记； 5、全部整理完毕之后，基本上对文学史和代表文学作品有了基本了解。 四、其次轮复习依次 1、找到历年真题，做题的时候比照答案，找寻该答案在课文原文中的原始线索，并作好整理记录； 2、整理理解全部真题的答案以后，对课本的重点学问就有了比较清楚的理解； 五、考前突击复习 1、
26、根据真题笔记和其次轮复习的笔记，对不熟识的部分进行重点复习。 2、根据以往考题的探讨，旧题还会重新考，所以大家要关注全部做过的真题和各章节中没有考过的但属于代表性学问的部分，这些有可能是将要考的新题。自学考试已经有历史了，所以过去的真题加起来也就是全书的重点学问网络，所以认真复习真题并理解消化，整理关心记忆，这对于考试制胜是最好的方法。 *警告：千万不要抛开课本干脆做真题； 千万不要死记硬背，而是要在理解的基础上反复读，抄写，默记；反复整理笔记，新的笔记只记录没有驾驭好的，直到最终的笔记成为提纲式的。 高级英语复习方法说明； 一、比照辅导书，精读课文，做课后练习； 二、找来历年考试真题，认真做
27、，查到答案在课本中的相关地方 三、认真复习真题，总结学问点；错题本，反复探讨错题 四、回到课本，从头到尾认真阅读课文，全面复习重点学问点； 五、整理真题，再次复习错题； *高级英语上下册32个单元，复习面积很大，所以必需早动手，狠下功夫。 祝愿大家能够取得优秀的成果！ 第四篇：英美文学 术语说明： Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows cert
28、ain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucers plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccios Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first peri
29、od of his work Shakespeare wrote: 1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI 1591The First part of King Henry VI 1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Errors 1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew 1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Loves Labours Lost;Romeo and Juliet 1595Th
30、e Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Nights Dream *8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V 1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As You Like It 1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will In the second period: 1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;Alls Well That Ends We
31、ll 160416051606Antony and Cleopatra 1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens 1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre In the third period: 1609Cymbeline, King of Britain 1610The Winters Tale 1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII 7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which u
32、sed in a play on the stage and without a listener.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人) John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1 out of Eden.John Bunyan
33、, The plain mans pathway to heaven.胜利刻画人物。 Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部现实主义小说，作品的主题是通过对主子公鲁滨孙的胜利刻画，歌颂资本主义上升时期那种不畏困难和困苦，充溢野心和冒险精神，富有百折不挠，坚韧毅力和斗志，依靠自己的双手变更一切、创建一切的自我奋斗和创业精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, si
34、ng the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, whats more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gullivers Travels, 抨击当时英国的议会政治和反动的宗教势力，通过
35、描写格列佛四次遇险，写出了作者看透了当代的腐败，以挖苦的方法，抨击了当时腐败的社会。Attack the Britain parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gullivers four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fieldi
36、ng is the father of English novel.John Smith is the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War bining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psych
37、ological themes, bordering on surrealism.His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express Transcendentalism是美国浪漫主义最高潮时期的体验，认为世间万物都是同等的。 Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Di
38、ck, in which shows the struggle between mankind and nature and draw peoples attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.诗歌鉴赏 Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summers day?我能否将你比作夏天？ Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美丽温婉。 Rough winds do sha
39、ke the darling buds of May,狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，And summers lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暂。 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休恋那丽日当空，And often is his gold complexion dimmd,转瞬会云雾充满。 And every fair from fair sometime declines,休叹那百花飘舞，By chance or natures changing course untrimmd:催折于无常的天命。 Bu
40、t thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永久的夏日常新 Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst,你的美貌亦毫发无损。 Nor shall Death brag thou wandrest in his shade,死神也无缘将你幽禁，When in eternal lines to time thou growst.你在我永久的诗中长存。 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，So long lives this,and this giv
41、es life to thee.这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。 全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格iambic pentameter，包括三个四行组quatrain和一个对偶句(couplet)，接受典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。 二、比方和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美 Sonnet 29 When, in disgrace with fortune and mans eyes当我受尽命运和人们的白眼，I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飘舞，And trouble deaf heaven with my bootl
42、ess cries徒用呼吁去干扰聋瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and curse my fate顾盼着身影，诅咒自己的生辰，Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一个一样富于盼望，Featured like him,like him with friends possessd面貌相像，又和他一样广交游，Desiring this mans art and that mans scope希求这人的渊博，那人的内行，With what I most enjoy contented least最赏心的乐事觉得最不对头； Ye
43、t in these thought myself almost despising可是，当我刚要这样看轻自己，Haply I think on thee,and then my state突然想起了你，于是我的精神，Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破晓从阴霾的大地 From sullen earth sings hymns at heavens gate振翮上升，高唱着圣歌在天门： For thy sweet love rememberd such wealth brings一想起你的爱使我那么富有，That then I scorn
44、to change my state with kings和帝王换位我也不屑于屈就。 赏析：对社会、对自己的命运的不满和无奈。格律是五音步抑扬格iambic pentameter.韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。 To a Waterfowl 致 水 鸟 -by William Cullen Bryant威廉卡伦布赖恩特 Whither, midst falling dew,披着滴落的露珠，While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空绚丽，白日的行程就要结束； Far, through their rosy depths,
45、 dost thou pursue穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际，Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤寂的前程追逐？ 总结：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are going? Vainly the fowlers eye看你远远翱翔而无计可施，Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鸟人的目光徒劳眷顾； As, darkly painted on the crimson sk
46、y,满天红霞把你衬托，Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飘飘飘舞。 总结：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seekst thou the plashy brink你是在找寻开阔的大河之滨，Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？ Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水冲刷的海滩，On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔腾起伏？ 总结：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean? There is a Power whose care有上苍把你关照，Te