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1、2023年英美文学简史 第一篇：英美文学简史 新词 Chapter 1 the making of England 第一页 Primitive原始社会的Clustering 丛 团 Hut茅草屋 Vitality生命力 Invade侵入 Occupy占有 Chieftain首领 Subjugate折服 Refinement改进 Christianity基督教christian 基督教的 其次页 Swarm大群人 Pirate海盗 Dialect方言 Kinship王权 Compose1写、创作乐曲、歌剧等2组成Booty战利品 Amusement消遣 Democracy民主 Incompati
2、ble合不来的Gemtile非犹太的Territory领土 Feudalism封建制 Heathen不信教的、异教徒 第三页 Monastery修道院 Monk修士、僧侣 Chapter2 Relic遗风 Preserve爱惜 Minstrel中世纪游方诗歌演唱者 Fragmentv、n 碎片 片段 Devour吞食 Grapplewith扭住对手扭打搏斗 Availagainst sb抵抗 Combat搏斗 搏斗 战斗 Retreat撤退 退却 Rejoice兴奋 Avenge伸冤 Counseller顾问 Plunge猛进入38个单词1 第四页 Trophy奖品 战利品 Den穴 Belc
3、he喷火forth its fire Bid说=say Envelope包围 包住 Impenetrable不行穿越的forest Marsh沼泽 Superstitious迷信的Marvellous 第五页 Alliteration Consonant Metaphor Attendant Condemn Tinge Permanent Chapter3 viking plunder prose 第六页 confescate bestow patch baron vassal oath secure property manifestation supremacy chronicle pro
4、minent dominent intermingle tend bishop archbishop abbot toil 第七页 sustain奇异的 头韵 辅音 隐喻 侍者 责备 淡的色调或痕迹a tinge of 永久的 北欧海盗掠夺散文没收赠与小块土地男爵封臣誓言爱惜资产显示至高无上编年史的 突出的最突出的、占支配地位的混合照管主教大主教 男修道院长辛苦工作 支撑41个单词 2courageous勇敢的heretics犯异端罪的人perish毁灭 plague瘟疫 poll-tax人头税 impose对课税 pauperize贫困 slogan口号 格言】 sermon讲道 bonda
5、ge velvet stuff ornament ermine spices rye manor pomp sovereign 第八页 remonstate oppressor treacherously apeal prevail verse tournament code moral chivalry apprenticeship solemn cycle 第九页 rim culmination collapse patronize charge fabricate illicit convert 第十页 Masterpiece奴役天鹅绒布料 装饰 貂皮 貂香料黑麦庄园浮华最高统治者抗议。
6、报复受压迫的背叛的 不忠的请求 呼吁流行的诗体竞赛、武士骑马竞赛密码。道德标准道德的骑士精神学徒身份1表情肃穆的2庄重的3隆重的正式的1循环周期2系列如组歌或组诗边缘结局 结果倒塌赞助 支持控告编造不正值的变更形式或用处名著 杰作41单词 3Vivid显明的Amuse是某人消遣 第十一页 Chapter4 Amid在当中 Barren贫瘠的 Scanty缺乏的 Industriously勤劳的 Plough耕田 Idler Exposure Parasite Deacon Preach Flock Leap Clerk Despoil Cardinal Virtues Friar Hermit
7、 Altar Roamer Manor Hood Plead Mete Mist Mutter Aught=anything Sum up Confer Sternly Counsel 无工作的人暴漏揭露寄生物、靠他人生存的人会吏、助祭布道仪仗队1跳动2冲。窜 1文书、办事员2议会法院等书记员、秘书4教士牧师掠夺sth 红衣主教 1美德2.女子贞操 托钵修士 隐士、隐居修道士祭桌 慢步行走的人领地 风帽 提出理由或借口给与嘉奖雾气 咕哝某事、低语声 形成对的看法 1with sbon/about sth探讨、探讨、商谈、请教2sthon sb授予某人学位或头衔严峻的 建议 其次篇：英美文学 A
8、nalysis of Robinson Crusoe 2023级师范三班刘静 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is
9、a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoes first novel, is also one
10、of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, ov
11、ercome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of cur
12、iosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front o
13、f the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly t
14、hirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robins
15、on Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can on
16、ly rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzees Foe and Michel To
17、urniers Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoes failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the natives perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Fridays sincere questions to Cruso
18、e about the devil, which Crusoe answers only indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoes knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Fridays full understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Fridays exuberance and emotional directness often point out th
19、e wooden conventionality of Crusoes personality.Despite Fridays subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Frid
20、ay Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoes own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live oursel
21、ves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and never lose hope. 第三篇：英美文学 英美文学复习方法 一、找到英美文学的辅导书，例如自考一本通自考直通车等类型的汉语版辅导书。 二、先把汉语版辅导书的课文翻译通读，理解了全书每个章节的内容和学问点；用汉语记录重点； 三、第一轮复习依次： 1、先看英国文学，后看美国文学 2、依据时间依次看，每个时代都有代表性文学流派和代表作家及代表性作品 3、依据课本的章节依次，看完汉语译文后，比照英语译文，划出课本上对每个时代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和评论。名词
22、性描述一般是填空题和选择搭配题；评论部分是简洁题和问答题；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介绍不用看；记住某个时代某个流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及该作品的简要介绍和评论。 4、依据章节划出重点信息，然后整理笔记； 5、全部整理完毕之后，基本上对文学史和代表文学作品有了基本了解。 四、其次轮复习依次 1、找到历年真题，做题的时候比照答案，找寻该答案在课文原文中的原始线索，并作好整理记录； 2、整理理解全部真题的答案以后，对课本的重点学问就有了比较清楚的理解； 五、考前突击复习 1、根据真题笔记和其次轮复习的笔记，对不熟识的部分进行重点复习。 2、根据以往考题的探讨，旧题还会
23、重新考，所以大家要关注全部做过的真题和各章节中没有考过的但属于代表性学问的部分，这些有可能是将要考的新题。自学考试已经有历史了，所以过去的真题加起来也就是全书的重点学问网络，所以认真复习真题并理解消化，整理关心记忆，这对于考试制胜是最好的方法。 *警告：千万不要抛开课本干脆做真题； 千万不要死记硬背，而是要在理解的基础上反复读，抄写，默记；反复整理笔记，新的笔记只记录没有驾驭好的，直到最终的笔记成为提纲式的。 高级英语复习方法说明； 一、比照辅导书，精读课文，做课后练习； 二、找来历年考试真题，认真做，查到答案在课本中的相关地方 三、认真复习真题，总结学问点；错题本，反复探讨错题 四、回到课本
24、，从头到尾认真阅读课文，全面复习重点学问点； 五、整理真题，再次复习错题； *高级英语上下册32个单元，复习面积很大，所以必需早动手，狠下功夫。 祝愿大家能够取得优秀的成果！ 第四篇：英美文学 术语说明： Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year t
25、he Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucers plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccios Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote: 1590The Secon
26、d and Third part of King Henry VI 1591The First part of King Henry VI 1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Errors 1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew 1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Loves Labours Lost;Romeo and Juliet 1595The Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Nigh
27、ts Dream *8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V 1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As You Like It 1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will In the second period: 1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;Alls Well That Ends Well 160416051606Antony and Cleopatra 1607The Tra
28、gedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens 1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre In the third period: 1609Cymbeline, King of Britain 1610The Winters Tale 1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII 7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listen
29、er.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人) John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1 out of Eden.John Bunyan, The plain mans pathway to heaven.胜利刻画人物。 Dani
30、el Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部现实主义小说，作品的主题是通过对主子公鲁滨孙的胜利刻画，歌颂资本主义上升时期那种不畏困难和困苦，充溢野心和冒险精神，富有百折不挠，坚韧毅力和斗志，依靠自己的双手变更一切、创建一切的自我奋斗和创业精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships a
31、nd difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, whats more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gullivers Travels, 抨击当时英国的议会政治和反动的宗教势力，通过描写格列佛四次遇险，写出了作者看透了当代的腐败，以挖苦的方法，抨击了当时腐败的社会。Attac
32、k the Britain parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gullivers four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fielding is the father of English novel.John Smith is
33、 the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War bining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on surrealism.His de
34、pictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express Transcendentalism是美国浪漫主义最高潮时期的体验，认为世间万物都是同等的。 Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between mankind
35、 and nature and draw peoples attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.诗歌鉴赏 Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summers day?我能否将你比作夏天？ Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美丽温婉。 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，And summe
36、rs lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暂。 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休恋那丽日当空，And often is his gold complexion dimmd,转瞬会云雾充满。 And every fair from fair sometime declines,休叹那百花飘舞，By chance or natures changing course untrimmd:催折于无常的天命。 But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永久的夏日常新 N
37、or lose possession of that fair thou owst,你的美貌亦毫发无损。 Nor shall Death brag thou wandrest in his shade,死神也无缘将你幽禁，When in eternal lines to time thou growst.你在我永久的诗中长存。 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。 全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格ia
38、mbic pentameter，包括三个四行组quatrain和一个对偶句(couplet)，接受典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。 二、比方和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美 Sonnet 29 When, in disgrace with fortune and mans eyes当我受尽命运和人们的白眼，I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飘舞，And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干扰聋瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and
39、 curse my fate顾盼着身影，诅咒自己的生辰，Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一个一样富于盼望，Featured like him,like him with friends possessd面貌相像，又和他一样广交游，Desiring this mans art and that mans scope希求这人的渊博，那人的内行，With what I most enjoy contented least最赏心的乐事觉得最不对头； Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，当我
40、刚要这样看轻自己，Haply I think on thee,and then my state突然想起了你，于是我的精神，Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破晓从阴霾的大地 From sullen earth sings hymns at heavens gate振翮上升，高唱着圣歌在天门： For thy sweet love rememberd such wealth brings一想起你的爱使我那么富有，That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王换位我也不屑于屈就。 赏析：对
41、社会、对自己的命运的不满和无奈。格律是五音步抑扬格iambic pentameter.韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。 To a Waterfowl 致 水 鸟 -by William Cullen Bryant威廉卡伦布赖恩特 Whither, midst falling dew,披着滴落的露珠，While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空绚丽，白日的行程就要结束； Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际，Thy solitary way?你往
42、何方把孤寂的前程追逐？ 总结：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are going? Vainly the fowlers eye看你远远翱翔而无计可施，Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鸟人的目光徒劳眷顾； As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,满天红霞把你衬托，Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飘飘飘舞。 总
43、结：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seekst thou the plashy brink你是在找寻开阔的大河之滨，Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？ Or where the rocking billow
44、s rise and sink或者潮水冲刷的海滩，On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔腾起伏？ 总结：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean? There is a Power whose care有上苍把你关照，Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,-在无路的海岸为你指路，The desert and illimitable air,-在荒漠和无边的空际，Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤寂的漂浮不致迷途。 总结：There is a Power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air.You may be