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1、2023年英美文学。 第一篇：英美文学。 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1船长约翰史密斯Captain John Smith 自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事务的真实介绍 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony 弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述 “A Map of Virginia: with a Descript
2、ion of the Country 弗吉尼亚通史“General History of Virginia 2威廉布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop 普利茅斯开发历史“The History of Plymouth Plantation 3约翰温思罗普John Winthrop 新英格兰历史“The History of New England 4罗杰威廉姆斯Roger Williams 开启美国语言的钥匙A Key into the Language of America 或叫美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南 Or “ A Help to the
3、Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England 5安妮布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯 The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America 二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明富兰克林Benjamin Franklin 自传“ The Autobiography 穷人理查德的年鉴“Poor Richards Almanac 2。托马斯佩因Thomas Paine 美国
4、危机“The American Crisis 收税官的案子“The Case of the Officers of the Excise 常识“Common Sense 人权“Rights of Man 理性的时代“The Age of Reason 土地公允“Agrarian Justice 3。托马斯杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson 独立宣言 4。菲利浦弗瑞诺Philip Freneau 野忍冬花“The Wild Honey Suckle 印第安人的坟地“The Indian Burying Ground 致凯提迪德“To a Caty-Did 想象的力气“The Power of
5、 Fancy 夜屋“The House of Night 英国囚船“The British Prison Ship 斗争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War 札记“Miscellaneous Works 其次篇：英美文学 Analysis of Robinson Crusoe 2023级师范三班刘静 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 1731), known as the father of English novel and the
6、 periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he
7、 was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoes first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robi
8、nson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create
9、 a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realisti
10、c novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents guide,
11、 but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look a
12、fter all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a dese
13、rt island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized,
14、 and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzees Foe and Michel Tourniers Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoes failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very
15、differently from the natives perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Fridays sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoes knowledge of Christianit
16、y is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Fridays full understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Fridays exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoes personality.Despite Fridays subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he w
17、ould a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoes own European heart la
18、cks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and never lose hope. 第三篇：英美文学 英美文学复习方法 一、找到英美文学的辅导书，例如自考一本通自考直通车等类型的汉语版辅导书
19、。 二、先把汉语版辅导书的课文翻译通读，理解了全书每个章节的内容和学问点；用汉语记录重点； 三、第一轮复习依次： 1、先看英国文学，后看美国文学 2、依据时间依次看，每个时代都有代表性文学流派和代表作家及代表性作品 3、依据课本的章节依次，看完汉语译文后，比照英语译文，划出课本上对每个时代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和评论。名词性描述一般是填空题和选择搭配题；评论部分是简洁题和问答题；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介绍不用看；记住某个时代某个流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及该作品的简要介绍和评论。 4、依据章节划出重点信息，然后整理笔记； 5、全部整理完毕之后，基本
20、上对文学史和代表文学作品有了基本了解。 四、其次轮复习依次 1、找到历年真题，做题的时候比照答案，找寻该答案在课文原文中的原始线索，并作好整理记录； 2、整理理解全部真题的答案以后，对课本的重点学问就有了比较清楚的理解； 五、考前突击复习 1、根据真题笔记和其次轮复习的笔记，对不熟识的部分进行重点复习。 2、根据以往考题的探讨，旧题还会重新考，所以大家要关注全部做过的真题和各章节中没有考过的但属于代表性学问的部分，这些有可能是将要考的新题。自学考试已经有历史了，所以过去的真题加起来也就是全书的重点学问网络，所以认真复习真题并理解消化，整理关心记忆，这对于考试制胜是最好的方法。 *警告：千万不要
21、抛开课本干脆做真题； 千万不要死记硬背，而是要在理解的基础上反复读，抄写，默记；反复整理笔记，新的笔记只记录没有驾驭好的，直到最终的笔记成为提纲式的。 高级英语复习方法说明； 一、比照辅导书，精读课文，做课后练习； 二、找来历年考试真题，认真做，查到答案在课本中的相关地方 三、认真复习真题，总结学问点；错题本，反复探讨错题 四、回到课本，从头到尾认真阅读课文，全面复习重点学问点； 五、整理真题，再次复习错题； *高级英语上下册32个单元，复习面积很大，所以必需早动手，狠下功夫。 祝愿大家能够取得优秀的成果！ 第四篇：英美文学 术语说明： Couplets: a rhymed pair of I
22、ambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucers plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccios Decameron, bu
23、t he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote: 1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI 1591The First part of King Henry VI 1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Erro
24、rs 1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew 1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Loves Labours Lost;Romeo and Juliet 1595The Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Nights Dream *8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V 1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As Yo
25、u Like It 1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will In the second period: 1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;Alls Well That Ends Well 160416051606Antony and Cleopatra 1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens 1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre In the third period: 1609Cymbeline, King of Britain 1610The Winters
26、 Tale 1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII 7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listener.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人) John Milto
27、n, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1 out of Eden.John Bunyan, The plain mans pathway to heaven.胜利刻画人物。 Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部现实主义小说，作品的主题是通过对主子公鲁滨孙的胜利刻画，歌颂资本主义上升时期那种不畏困难和困苦，充溢野心和冒险精神，富有百折不挠，坚韧毅力和斗志，依靠自
28、己的双手变更一切、创建一切的自我奋斗和创业精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, whats more, the spirit o
29、f self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gullivers Travels, 抨击当时英国的议会政治和反动的宗教势力，通过描写格列佛四次遇险，写出了作者看透了当代的腐败，以挖苦的方法，抨击了当时腐败的社会。Attack the Britain parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gullivers four-time distress to show the writ
30、er has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fielding is the father of English novel.John Smith is the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period i
31、s from American War of Independence to before the Civil War bining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on surrealism.His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express Transcendentalism是美国浪漫主义最高潮时期的体验，认为世间万物都
32、是同等的。 Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between mankind and nature and draw peoples attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.诗歌鉴赏 Sonnet
33、 18 Shall I compare thee to a summers day?我能否将你比作夏天？ Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美丽温婉。 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，And summers lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暂。 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休恋那丽日当空，And often is his gold complexion di
34、mmd,转瞬会云雾充满。 And every fair from fair sometime declines,休叹那百花飘舞，By chance or natures changing course untrimmd:催折于无常的天命。 But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永久的夏日常新 Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst,你的美貌亦毫发无损。 Nor shall Death brag thou wandrest in his shade,死神也无缘将你幽禁，When in eternal line
35、s to time thou growst.你在我永久的诗中长存。 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。 全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格iambic pentameter，包括三个四行组quatrain和一个对偶句(couplet)，接受典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。 二、比方和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美 Sonnet 29 When, in disgrace wi
36、th fortune and mans eyes当我受尽命运和人们的白眼，I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飘舞，And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干扰聋瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and curse my fate顾盼着身影，诅咒自己的生辰，Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一个一样富于盼望，Featured like him,like him with friends possessd面貌
37、相像，又和他一样广交游，Desiring this mans art and that mans scope希求这人的渊博，那人的内行，With what I most enjoy contented least最赏心的乐事觉得最不对头； Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，当我刚要这样看轻自己，Haply I think on thee,and then my state突然想起了你，于是我的精神，Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破晓从阴霾的大地 From sullen eart
38、h sings hymns at heavens gate振翮上升，高唱着圣歌在天门： For thy sweet love rememberd such wealth brings一想起你的爱使我那么富有，That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王换位我也不屑于屈就。 赏析：对社会、对自己的命运的不满和无奈。格律是五音步抑扬格iambic pentameter.韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。 To a Waterfowl 致 水 鸟 -by William Cullen Bryant威廉卡伦布赖恩特 Whither, m
39、idst falling dew,披着滴落的露珠，While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空绚丽，白日的行程就要结束； Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际，Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤寂的前程追逐？ 总结：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are going? Vainly
40、the fowlers eye看你远远翱翔而无计可施，Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鸟人的目光徒劳眷顾； As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,满天红霞把你衬托，Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飘飘飘舞。 总结：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to bring you down as you fl
41、oat in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seekst thou the plashy brink你是在找寻开阔的大河之滨，Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？ Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水冲刷的海滩，On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔腾起伏？ 总结：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you look
42、ing for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean? There is a Power whose care有上苍把你关照，Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,-在无路的海岸为你指路，The desert and illimitable air,-在荒漠和无边的空际，Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤寂的漂浮不致迷途。 总结：There is a Power that leads you on your way
43、 across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air.You may be wandering and alone, but you are not lost.All day thy wings have fannd你成天翕动翅膀，At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空气淡薄暴风寒冷，飞在高处，Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不愿着陆舒适的大地，Though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即将紧闭它的帷
44、幕。 总结：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is coming.You have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath you.And soon that toil shall end,你很快就会结束这样的劳苦，Soon shalt thou find a summe
45、r home, and rest,你即将找到你夏天的住处； And scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼喊自己的伙伴，Soon oer thy sheltered nest.芦苇也会躬身把你的窝巢遮护。 总结：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your goal.Soon your journey will end.Soon you will descend to your summer home.There, you will scream amo
46、ng others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall grasses.Thourt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身躯全被吞没，Hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深渊里，你踪影全无； Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的启迪深深留在我的心底，And shall not soon depart.我将久久地久久地把它记住。 总结:I can no longer see you, but I will never forget the lesson you taught me.He, who, from zone to zone,谁，从一个地方到另一个地方，Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越无限的天空作必定的翱翔，