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1、（定语从句）Attributive Clause l1.He is a famous scientist.l2.Whos that girl in red？l3.Ive read all the books that you lent me.l4.I have lost my pen,which I like very much.定语从句的用处相当于修饰名词或代词定语从句的用处相当于修饰名词或代词的形容词，因此定语从句也被称为形容的形容词，因此定语从句也被称为形容词从句。词从句。定语从句定语从句l定语从句在句子中起定语作用，修饰一定语从句在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句
2、子。个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫作被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词先行词，定语，定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系代关系代词或关系副词词或关系副词引导。关系词充当从句的引导。关系词充当从句的成分。成分。The fish which we bought were not fresh.先行词先行词()()关系代词关系代词conclusionconclusion3.先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 叫先行词。叫先行词。2.关系词关系词：引出定语从句的词叫关系词。：引出定语从句的词叫关系词。1.定语从句定语从句
3、：修饰一个名词或代词的句子。：修饰一个名词或代词的句子。2.用来做定语的句子叫定语从用来做定语的句子叫定语从句。句。一、定语从句的三个概念一、定语从句的三个概念二、关系词在从句中代替先行词二、关系词在从句中代替先行词 1.关系词本身没有词义，关系词本身没有词义，代替先行词代替先行词 的词义的词义 2.必须充当必须充当定语从句中的定语从句中的一个成分一个成分 3.根据关系根据关系词词在在定定语语从句中所充当的从句中所充当的 成分成分将其将其分为分为关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词引导词引导词关系代词：关系代词：关系副词关系副词:that,which,who,whom,whose,aswhen
4、,where,why关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词的作用指代作用指代作用连接句子的作用连接句子的作用定语从句构成的步骤：定语从句构成的步骤：1、找到两个从句中相同的名词或代词。、找到两个从句中相同的名词或代词。2、按照句子的意义确定主句与从句。、按照句子的意义确定主句与从句。3、把从句中与主句相同的名词或代词用适当、把从句中与主句相同的名词或代词用适当的关系词取代，并去掉已经被取代的词。的关系词取代，并去掉已经被取代的词。4、把定语从句放到被修饰的名词或代词之后。、把定语从句放到被修饰的名词或代词之后。It is the house.The house was built by m
5、y father.主句主句从句从句which/thatIt is the house which/that was built by my father.()It is the house.My father was born in the house.It is the house _ my father was born.whereI will never forget the day.I graduated on the day.I will never forget the day _ I graduated.I will never forget the day.I spent th
6、e day with you.whenI will never forget the day _ I spent with you.thatThis is the reason.He told me the reason.This is the reason _ he told me.thatThis is the reason.He was late for this reason.This is the reason _ he was late.whyComplete the sentences with suitable relatives.1.I know the reason he
7、came late.2.This is the reason he told me.3.Do you know the woman，son went to college last year？4.The house color is red is Johns.5.This is the best film Ive ever seen.whywhichwhosewhosethat6.That is the town he worked in 1987.7.I still remember the town I visited last year.8.Ill never forget the da
8、y I joined the League.9.Ill never forget the day I spent in the town.10.The woman my brother spoke to just now is my teacher.whomwhichwhen(that/which)where限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句l1）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。起限定作用。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,用时不可用逗号分开。The accident happened on the day when I lost my jo
9、b.I spent a whole holiday with John,who was very friendly and helpful.l 2)非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用 that 引导。I.关系代词的用法：关系代词的用法：II.1.that 和和 which III.(1)that,which 都可以指物都可以指物._ 还还可可IV.以指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，以指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作作V._ 时可以省略。时可以省略。that宾语宾语The book _ I
10、 bought yesterday is interesting.(which/that)只用只用 that 的情况的情况:2.先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时,3.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the right 修饰时修饰时,4.先行词既包括人又包括物时先行词既包括人又包括物时,1.当先行词是当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等代词时，或当先行等代词时，或当先行词受词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。等代词修饰
11、时。5.当主句是以当主句是以which或或who开头的疑问句时开头的疑问句时,用用 which 的情况：的情况：1.用于非限制性定语从句中用于非限制性定语从句中2.用于介词后用于介词后I have rent a house,which is very big.I want to rent a house which/that is very big.The chair on which he is sitting is made of plastics.The chair(which/that)he is sitting on is made of plastics.True or false
12、1.All which you need to do is to press the button.2.I have read all the books that yougave me.3.3.This is the best novel that I have read.4.This is the very book which I want to look for.thatthat5.The last place that we visited was the chemical works.6.They talked about the teachers and schools whic
13、h they had visited.that7.Tom was late again,which made the teacher angry.2.2.who 和和 whom(1)(1)whowho指人，是指人，是主格主格，在定语从句中，在定语从句中作主作主语语或或宾语，作宾语时可省略宾语，作宾语时可省略。(2)whom(2)whom指人，是指人，是宾格宾格，在定语从句中只，在定语从句中只能作能作宾语，可省略宾语，可省略。(3)who(3)who不可以用在介词后不可以用在介词后,而而whomwhom可以。可以。The woman to _ my mum is talking is our E
14、nglish teacher.whomThe man _ is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.whoDo you know the man _I talked to just now?who/whom/that/-Do you know the man to_I talked just now?whomThe number of people _lost homes reached as many as 250,000.who/that3.whose的用法的用法(1)whose 即可以指人即可以指人,也可以指物，也可以指物，后接名词，在
15、定语从句中作定语。后接名词，在定语从句中作定语。The man whose daughter was admitted to the key university was so happy.The bike whose brake was damaged has been repaired.lThe book whose cover is blue is mine.lThe book the cover of which is blue is mine.lThe book of which the cover is blue is mine.(2)whose+n.通常可与通常可与the n.+
16、of which/whom或或of which/whom+the+n.互换。互换。Theclassroomwillsoonberepaired.Itsdoorisbroken.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillberepairedsoon.Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbroken,willberepairedsoon.()()()4.as 的用法的用法 as 在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。一般用在一般用在 the sameas，as many(much)as 或或suchas结构中。结构中。Such
17、 teachers as he know are all kind to him.I want to buy the same pen as you are using.Dont buy such books as will do you harm.(1)意思不同。意思不同。as 表示表示“正如正如那样那样”,which 表示表示“这一点这一点”“这件事这件事”。(2)as 所引导的从句可放在主句前或主所引导的从句可放在主句前或主句后；而句后；而which所引导的从句只可放在所引导的从句只可放在主句后。主句后。(3)as所引导的从句中，动词常用所引导的从句中，动词常用know,see,expe
18、ct,point out,say,tell,report等。等。5.as 和和 which 都可以引导非限定性定语都可以引导非限定性定语从句，指代主句一句话的内容，这时它们从句，指代主句一句话的内容，这时它们的区别是的区别是:_ we know,China is a developing country._ is known,China is a developing country.His dog died,_ made him unhappy.AsAswhichas与与which 的使用：的使用：He was late again.It made the teacher very unha
19、ppy.It is known to all of us.He will come to the party.He was late again,which made the teacher very unhappy.As is known to all of us,he will come to the party.as 一般用于句首、句中或句尾皆可，并常用于一般用于句首、句中或句尾皆可，并常用于as is said/known/believed/mentioned等等被动结构被动结构中。而中。而which一般只用于主句之后。一般只用于主句之后。代替整个句子的用法代替整个句子的用法1._is
20、knowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30yearstime.A.WhatB.ThatC.AsD.It2.Isthisbook_youwanttoborrowfromthelibrary?A.thatB.whichC.theoneD./3.Suchabook_youshowedmeisdifficulttounderstand.A.thatB.whichC.asD.likeCCC4.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebookswerepopularthen.A./B.thatC.whi
21、chD.who5.Thisisthestorewevisitedthefamousshopassistants.A.whereB.thereC.thatD.whichB AII.关系副词关系副词when,where,why的用法的用法(1)when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。指时间，在从句中作时间状语。(2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。指地点，在从句中作地点状语。(3)why的先行词只有的先行词只有reason，why在从句中作在从句中作原因状语。原因状语。关系副词通常可以用关系副词通常可以用介词介词+关系代词关系代词代替代替1.I will never forget the day
22、 when I reached here.2.This is the school where I used to teach.at whichon whichv (2)(2)像像listen to,look at,depend on，pay attention to,take care of,look after,look for 等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。不宜将介词与动词分开。This is the boy whom she has taken care of.v (1)“(1)“介词关系代词介词关系代词”是一种常用的定是一种常用
23、的定语从句引导法。关系代词只可用语从句引导法。关系代词只可用whom或或 which，不可用不可用 that/who。在在介词关系代词介词关系代词引导的定语从句中，引导的定语从句中，介词的选用与前面的先行词或它后面的介词的选用与前面的先行词或它后面的从句中的谓语动词的搭配有关从句中的谓语动词的搭配有关This is the teacher _ _ we have learnt a lot.from whomYesterday I bought a book _ _ there are many pictures.in whichThe girl _ _ I said hello is our
24、monitor.to whomThe school is very famous.He once studied in it.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine.He asked for the magazine last week.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine which you asked for.He is the right boy.I want to play tennis with him tomor
25、row.He is the right boy with whom I want to play tennis tomorrow.=whereThe school _ he once studied in is very famous.(that/which)III 使用定语从句时应注意的问题使用定语从句时应注意的问题1.在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词必须充当句子成分。必须充当句子成分。2.关系代词的人称，性，数要和先行词关系代词的人称，性，数要和先行词保持一致，在从句中作主语时，注意其保持一致，在从句中作主语时，注意其后的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。后的谓语动
26、词与先行词保持一致。I,who am a student,study very hard.He is one of the students who believe it.He is the only one of the students who believes it.4.the way（方式，方法）作先行词时，（方式，方法）作先行词时，关系代词用关系代词用 that/in which/不填。不填。3.在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句代词可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可以省略。中，关系代词不可以省略。This
27、is the way that she teaches us.This is the way in which she teaches us.This is the way she teaches us.Exercises:1.The man _ you met yesterday is a friend of mine.2.2.Did you see the letter _ was put on your table?3.3.Here comes the man _ English is excellent.4.That is the day _ I was born.(whom/who/
28、that)which/thatwhosewhen/on which5.I dont know the reason _ he was late.6.Who is the girl _ is standing at the door?7.That is the book _ the cover is blue.8.He was proud,_ I dislike very much.why/for which thatof whichwhichII.Choose the best answers 1.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart i
29、nto her mouth.(NMET91)2.A.it B.which C.this D.that3.2.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.(92)4.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whomBD3.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expected.(NMET94)A.what B.which C.that D.it4.After living in Pari
30、s for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.(NMET96)A.where B.which C.that D.whenBA5.Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much.(NMET1999)A.it B.that C.when D.which6.This is the way _ I am thinking of to do it.A.how B.with which C.by which
31、 D.DD7.He invited ten friends to his home;_ are foreigners.A.six of whom B.the six of whom C.six of them D.the six of them8.He invited ten friends to his home,_ are foreigners.A.six of whom B.the six of whom C.six of them D.the six of themCA9.My hometown is not the same _ it used to be ten years ago
32、.A.like B.as C.that D.which10.Is this the factory _ you work?A.which B.in that C.where D.what11.Is this the factory _ you visited?A.which B.in that C.where D.whatBCA12.Is this museum _ you visited last week?A./B.which C.the one D.whereB.13.Is this the museum _ you visited last week?C./B.what C.the o
33、ne D.whereCA14._ is known to all,Taiwan is part of China.A.As B.Which C.That D.It15._ is known to all that Taiwan is part of China.A.As B.Which C.That D.It16.All_ is needed is a supply of oil.A.which B.that C.what D./ADB17.They both talked happily about the men and books _ interested them in the school.A.which B.who C.when D.that18.I dont like the way _ you talked to her.A.which B.in that C./D.by whichDC