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1、考点39读后续写04修辞手法突破（原卷版）【命题解读】适当的修辞可以让我们的句子增光添彩。试着比较一下，下面两个句子：第 1 个句子：Jenny was very happy. （Jenny 彳艮开心。）第 2 个句子：Jenny couldnt resist her inner joy, flying into the door like a bird.（Jenny控制不住内心的喜悦，像小鸟一样飞进了家门。）是不是感觉第二个用了比喻后，Jenny开心的画面跃然纸上，非常生动。今天我们就学习简单的几个修辞 手法的技巧，分别是比喻，拟人和夸张。这三种在我们的读后续写中，用的较多。【思维导图】比喻
2、比喻将具有具备共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。分为明喻和暗喻。他们之间有什 么区别呢？请看下面两个句子。（B月喻）Shenzhen is like a melting pot where new ideas are mixed.深圳就像一个混合了新想法的大熔 炉。（暗喻）Shenzhen is a melting pot where new ideas are mixed.深圳是一个混合了新思想的大熔炉。说通俗点儿，明喻就是用明确的标志词来表达比喻。这些标志词就是“比喻词经常有：like,as,asas,as ifo而暗喻中找不出像like, as之类的喻词，通常直接用“be,
3、become等词”。我们来看2021年1月高考浙江卷，故事中的“我”万圣节中遇到尴尬事，头被卡在了南瓜里，请看下面的描 homeless person.He didnt respond to me as if I had said nothing to him. I looked at him and repeated my words. This time, I was sure that he had heard what I said.注意：L续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。He looked surprised and uncertain.I had t
4、o find him and gave back the change.【模拟题51 （2022福建莆田一模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Back in the early 1980s, the idea of home computers was catching on. I wasnt keen on getting one. Somehow, I evolved and have owned several computers over the years. Some days, I loved my computer, but more o
5、ften than not, I hated it. I didnt grow up with them, and they were a challenge to my mental health. Dealing with modern technology was my introduction to stress, and I know who to blame: my children.They werent satisfied that their dad and I finally bought a computer and learned to send e-mails. We
6、 were quite happy with that, but next came a cellphone. Then just talking on the phone was not acceptable; they insisted we learn to text as well. We couldnt get a break.I remember well the night that Facebook became a household word around here. Those kids of ours were determined to set up a joint
7、account for us. It took some convincing. We felt no guilt for grating on （激怒）their nerves considering the drama theyd sometimes created for us during their teenage years. A little payback wouldnt hurt those two.More recently, my husband and I were forced into getting rid of our flip phones and getti
8、ng smartphones. I will admit that I progressed into appreciating mine. I liked speaking to Siri and finding out what I needed to know in an instant. I enjoyed having Internet access everywhere I went. I felt a sense of accomplishment; my husband- not so much. To this day, he would happily take back
9、his flip phone.Last Christmas, our children surprised us with yet another popular form of technology-Alexa. The girls took our smartphones in hand and got us programmed. Before we fully understood what was happening, we could tell Alexa to turn our lamp on or off, and she would. To be honest, we wer
10、e a bit annoyed at having to learn how to use yet another device, but we decided to keep it. We mastered turning the lamp on and off, and once again I got the hang of it sooner than my husband did. I became his Alexa coach. 注意：1 .续写词数应为150左右；2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。One night, Alexa did not turn on the
11、lamp when I gave the command.We should thank our children and grandchildren.【模拟题6 （2022辽宁模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。One of my most memorable trips took place during the summer vacation about three years ago, when my sister, my aunt and I took a trip to Spain because we were moving. On
12、 the day of the trip, I lay in bed thinking about my friends whom I was going to leave behind and thoughts were flooding in.When we arrived at the hire station, we seemed to have some problems with our luggage because it was too much for a taxi, so we had to book a van。相式送货车）to take our luggage to t
13、he airport. We waited for a long period to find a perfect van that would fit our luggage.Before leaving, I felt very bad because I was going to a different country and was going to miss all my friends and family. I was not comfortable and cried.The journey was almost perfect at the beginning, but so
14、on it began to rain. Because of the rain, the drivers could not see far away, which caused a huge traffic jam. I was sitting by the window with a can of Coke that I had bought in the store earlier. My aunt and sister fell asleep, and during this time. I felt bored and thought about other things that
15、 bothered me. My eyes turned to the mountain in front of us.A bus suddenly appeared in the picture. It was very close to us. Cars sped past us without any speed limit. Beside me was a very deep lake: I wondered to myself what if something or someone fell inside it. Suddenly, a bus in front of our va
16、n stopped, and because it was raining heavily and the van was going fast, no one could see what was going to happen. Then, bang, we bumped into each other. Our van overturned, but luckily, it didnt fall into the lake. People came to help us get out of the van because we were blocked and the driver w
17、as half-dead. 注意：1,续写词数应为150左右；3 .续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。We struggled to get out of the van and everything we had was gone.I was losing a lot of blood and then the emergency aid came.写：Finally I managed to put my whole head into it, like a cork forced into a bottle.意思是“最后，我把整个头放 进了里面，就像软木塞进了瓶子里。”这个句子中
18、，就用到了明喻，“like a cork forced into a bottle”像软木塞 进了瓶子里。出现了比喻词“like”。再看一个例子，2018年高考读后续写，讲的是作者和朋友一起骑车游玩，途中遇狼的故事。请看下面的句 子：Paul looked out the back window and saw the wolf standing over Macs bike as if it were a kill.意思是“保罗 从后窗望出去，看见那只狼站在麦克的自行车上，好像是要杀人似的。”这句话也用到了明喻，比喻词是“好 像 as if。我们再来看几个例句：如果你要形容“她”笑得很美，你
19、会怎么写呢？请看这一句：The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她脸 上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。当我们要表达“悲伤”的时候,就可以用下面这句了。肯定要比I am sad”要有感觉：I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.我感觉自己像漂浮在悲伤的海洋中。如果我们要表达一个人的脸很冰凉，你会怎么写呢？你可能会用His face was cold.在这里，我们可以用上 之前讲解过的“动作细化”原则，再加上今天学习的比喻，我们看看这个句子的效果如何？reached out to touch her
20、 face, which was as cold as the ice.我伸手去摸她的脸，发现她的脸像冰一样冰冷。如果你要描写一个女孩的头发很好看，“She has beautiful hair.”实在太普通，请看这句：Her hair was a flowing golden river streaming down her shoulders.她的头发是一条流淌的金色河流，顺着她的肩膀流淌。试拟人“拟人。就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物 人格化，在读后续写中,使用拟人的修辞手法，可以达到增强语言感染力的效果，使描绘对象栩栩如生、 活灵活现。比如
21、这一句Starswinkedatmeinadarkeningsky.夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。把“星星”比作人，可 以向我眨眼睛，这个写作手法和我们汉语中“拟人”是一样的。比如要表达“森林里很黑”，你当然可以用The forest is very dark.或者Its dark in the forest.如果把这个自然现 象当作人来描写，句子立刻生动起来。Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.顷刻间，黑暗统治了 森林。“黑暗”是没有生命力的，但是赋予了它“统治”这个动作后，句子变得生动有趣了。关于这点，我们 在讲解“无灵主语”这个概
22、念的时候，也提到过，感兴趣的同学，可以回到那节课再复习一遍。我们来看下面两句：The church has witnessed the citys changes in the past 20 years.这个教堂目睹 了这个城市 20 年的变化。Birds on the tree are singing a beautiful song.树上的小鸟在树上唱着美妙的歌曲。“教堂像人一样去“目睹”，“小鸟”像人一样“歌唱”拟人”的写作手法是不是很简单。同学们快用起来吧!夸张夸张的修辞手法就是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。比如下 面两句情感描写：第一句：My h
23、eart was broken 我心碎了。第二句：My heart broke in about a million pieces.我的心碎了大约一百万块。我的“心，当然不会“碎、更不可能碎成“百万片million pieces但是“夸张”的手法，让我们感受到了对 方的痛苦之深。我们再来看下面一句，如果你要体现天气非常冷，你会怎么表达？好了，我已经猜到了，难道是itsvery cold .请看下面的句子:It was so cold th at. When the men spoke, their words froze in the air. Everything they said rem
24、ained frozen all winter long, and did not melt until spring.天是如此之冷,以致于人们说话时, 他们的话在空中冻结。他们说的一切在整个冬天都冻结着，直到春天才会融化。在2018年高考真题中，有这么一个场景：“我”迷路的过程中，突然一只兔子跳了出来，如果要表达“我 被惊吓到了，你会怎么写呢？ Iwas scared当然也没有问题，如果用上夸张的修辞手法，效果立刻不一 样？ The rabbit made me jump out of my skin.意思是“这只兔子吓得我魂不附体。”我的“魂”竟然从皮肤里 跳了出来jump out of
25、my skin,是不是很夸张!我们再来看下面三个句子，它们都使用了“夸张”的写作手法，我们一起来感受一下它们的魅力吧！My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter voice on the phone.从电话里一听到我女 儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。I was so hungry that I could eat a horse.我很饿以致于可以吃掉一只马。When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.当她听到这个坏消息时，她泪流成河。&向脸W无灵主语改装法
26、无灵主语的概念极为简单：用无生命的事物做主语来展开句子。其实，这种句式结构它向我们传达 的只是一种思维模式，即一种思考的方式而已。这里，老师卖个关子，在本节课快结束的时候，我将向 同学们揭秘这种思维模式是什么？什么是无灵主语？举个例子：I love everybody.译为：我爱大家。如果出现在口语中，这样的表达当然最为清晰，但如 果出现在写作中，下面的表达可能更为生动一些：My love goes to everybody.从例子可以看出，用客观的 事物love代替有生命的I,这就是无灵主语的实质。我们用下面的公式来表达，就是：无灵主语句=无灵主语+有灵动词“无灵主语”简单理解就是“没有生命
27、力”的东西做主语。比如时间，地点，自然现象等。“有灵动词”简 单理解就是把没有生命力的东西，赋予有生命力的动作。比如上一句My love goes to everybody.中love就 是没有生命力的名词，但是g。就是有生命力的动词。但我们为什么要使用无灵主语，它究竟有什么优点呢？(1)第1个优点：增加主语的多样性。往往在写作时，我们会反复用同一有生命的词作主语，使语句显 得单调，重复。这些总在不经意之间常常发生。例如We dont think so.If we want light,we must conquer darkness.我们并不这么认为。如果我们想要光明， 我们就必须征服黑暗。
28、三个we的使用，使句子显得平淡，甚至别扭，但如果稍加变动，句子会显得协调的多。We dont think so.If we want light,darkness must be conquered.我们并不这么认为。如果我们想要光明，黑暗 就必须被征服。(2)第2个优点：增使语言更生动化。将无生命的事物作主语而展开的句子，往往会用上比喻、拟人等 修辞手法，语言随之提升一个档次。这也就是无灵主语的难点所在，也是华丽之处。需要注意的是，并不是简单的主动语态变为被动语态，而是用主动语态去表达被动意义。比如：I forgot his name.我们忘了他的名字了。并不是简单地变为His name w
29、as forgotten by me.而应当更为形象的 用主动语态表示。比如我们可以说：“他的名字溜出了我的大脑。His name slipped my mind.“他的名字没有在我头脑中扎根。His name didnt take root in my mind.其实要写这样的句子并不难，只要掌握这种思想，加上一段时间的练习，肯定会下笔如有神。再比如：He was so nervous.他很紧张。我们可以改成：A wave of nervousness washed over him.一阵紧张的情绪席卷 了他。He was excited.他很兴奋。我们可以改成：Excitement sei
30、zed him.兴奋（这种情绪）抓住了他。（3）第3个优点：增使表达更为客观。主语是有生命的事物时，展开的句子往往带有该有生命物质的主 观感情色彩，而如果是无灵主语，则表达很客观。无灵主语并不是英语的专利，在汉语中其实我们也常 常用到。比如：“我们从生活中学到”可以表述为“生活告诉我们”也就是：Life has told us that-这就 是一个漂亮的无灵主语的应用。再比如:“海外华人时刻关注祖国。”可以表述为“祖国时刻牵动着海外华人的 心“ Motherland,always,is drawing the heart of overseas Chinese.我们把这种无灵主语的应用大致分
31、为五大类：【第一类：主语是表示情感状态的抽象名词这类名词有fear恐惧，excitement兴奋等。与之对应的动词有：seize（侵袭，突然控制），choke（使哽咽），flood（使大受感动，充满），creep （不知不 觉地产生）,grip（紧抓），give way to（被代替）,等词。请看下面的例句：（1） Panic seized her.她突然惊慌失措。（2） Despair choked her words.她绝望得说不出话来。（3） A great sense of relief flooded over him. 他深感宽慰。【第二类：主语是表示时间和地点的名词】这类名词有：
32、the town （镇），the following year （第二年）等。与之对应的动词有：witness（见证），find, see, boast （有引以为荣的事物）等。请看下面的例句：（1） Beijing has witnessed great changes in recent years.北京见证了 最近几年的的巨大变化。（2） The following year saw the death of his mother.第二年他的妈妈去世了。（3） The town boasts a beautiful lake.这个镇引以为荣的是有个美丽的湖。【第三类：主语是表示自然现象等
33、名词】这类名词有：fog雾、earthquake地震等。与之对应的动词有：blanket （覆盖）,come, bring, prevent, strike, hit, threaten等词。请看下面的例句：（1） The thick fog blanketed the field.浓雾笼罩着整个大地。(2) An earthquake came like a thief in the night, without warning.地震到来,犹如夜贼，不作预告。(3) The rain prevented tourists from enjoying the full moon.雨使得游客无法
34、欣赏到满月。【第四类：主语是表示身体部位和音容等名词】这类名词有：face脸，laughter笑声等与之对应的动词有：light up (照亮与brighten (照亮),linger (继续存留与well up(涌出与flash等词。请看下面的例句：(1) Her face lit up/brightened when I gave her the present.我给她礼物时，她的脸上焕发出了光彩。(2) Laughter lingered around the room.笑声在房间里萦绕。(3) When he saw the familiar handwriting, tears we
35、lled up in his eyes.他一看到熟悉的字迹，便热泪盈眶。【第五类：主语是表示行为和动作的名词】常见的表示行为或动作的名词有如sight, thought, glance, look, idea, feeling等。与之对应的动词有：strike (打)，arouse(唤起)f remind, delight, frighten , overwhelm(压倒)等词。请看下面的例句：(1) A terrible thought suddenly struck me.我突然想到一个可怕的想法。(2) The sight of the scene filled me with horr
36、or.想到这个情景我心中充满了 恐惧。最后我来揭晓在本节课开头提到的这种思维模式是什么。在讲解这种思维模式之前，我们一起复习 无灵主语句的公式：无灵主语句=无灵主语+有灵动词。英语常用无生命的名词作主语，这是英语和汉语在句子构成方面的一个重要差别。引起这种差别的 原因很多，最主要的恐怕是由于不同民族的不同思维习惯所致。在中国人的思维中，往往以“人”为中心，认为只有“人”才会发出“具有生命力的动作”。比如只有“人” 才能产生这些动作：看、哭、送、说、写、讲、拿等；相反，无生命的动词，对应的是，没有生命力的 动词：如：相吸引、相排斥、变等。而在英美人的思维中，往往更注意客观事物和现象对人的作用和影
37、响，反映在语言表达上就是多用 无生命名词作主语。模拟检取【模拟题1 （2022.山东济南.一模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ellas First Fashion CreationElla was wearing a new dress and she felt like a famous model, Even better, it was a dress she made! Her very first piece of fashion!“What do you think?” she asked her family. They were a
38、ll gathered at the kitchen table fbr breakfast. very pretty. I cant believe you designed and sewed that all by yourself!Mom said.Tm so proud of you! How long did that take?,Dad asked. Ella pulled out her chair and sat down.Two weeks! But I think I could make the next one faster. I had a few problems
39、.Ella smiled. She had so many problems making the dress, but right now it was all worth it. It was going to be a great day.The kids at school werent quite as excited about her dress as she thought they would be, but she did get some nice comments from some of the girls, so she was happy about that.
40、The day went by quickly, and before she knew it, she was outside for the last break of the day. What a perfect day, she thought to herself as she swung on the swings.The school bell rang and the break was over. When the swing was close to stopping, Ella jumped off. When she landed, she heard a loud
41、rip （撕裂）.She moved her hand to the back of her dress. It was ripped all the way down the back! Her very first fashion creation fell apart! Ella was so embarrassed.Ella spotted her teacher, Miss Miller, near the door. Ella took one hand from her dress and waved for Miss Miller to come to her. Miss Mi
42、ller came up and looked at the back of Ellas dress.Oh no! And it is such a beautiful dress!?, “I made it myself,“ Ella said. You must be very proud! You did a great job!,? Not really. Or it wouldnt have ripped. “Well, that happens sometimes. Even with clothes you buy in the store!” 注意：L续写词数应为150词左右；
43、2.请按如下格式作答。Miss Miller took off her sweater and helped Ella to pull it on.“We cant avoid problems J said Mom.【模拟题2 （2022.辽宁大连.模拟预测） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。It was dark, cold and raining on December 24. James left his office and walked slowly across the street to the parking place. He wa
44、s very tired. He took out his car key and put down his umbrella. He put the key into the lock and turned it. Nothing happened. The door would not open. Then James realised that it was the wrong car. His car was red, but this one was dark blue. Oh dear! I must have parked in a different place this mo
45、rning,thought he. Putting up his umbrella, he set off to look for his car. The rain poured down and the evening got colder and colder.Having walked round all the side streets, James didnt find his car. He was exhausted and angry. Someone must have stolen my car,“ he thought. Now I shall have to go t
46、o the police station and report it. The policeman there was very helpful. He wrote down a description of James car and then took his address and telephone number. As James was leaving, the policeman wished him a merry Christmas.“Christmas!” thought James. Oh no! Ive forgotten all about Christmas. I
47、havent bought my wife a present and now all the shops are shut. What shall I do?” When waiting for the bus, he got wetter and more miserable （难 受的）.He had no umbrella and the rain flowed down into his collar. He felt like bursting into tears.When James got home, he found his wife standing on a chair
48、 and looking for something in a very high cupboard. “What are you doing, Jessica?” he asked. The big gold star for the Christmas tree J Jessica replied. “Just a moment. Til go into the garage （车库）and fetch the stepladder （梯子）for you,“ said James. When James saw .the well-decorated Christmas tree and lots of presents under it, he felt even more unhappy. What a lovely tree!” he thought as he went downstairs, I havent even got one present for Jessica. Tve lost my car and Im completely wet. I must have lost my umbre