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1、考点06谓语动词（解析版）【命题趋势】1 .语法填空以时态的考查为主，语态的考查为辅。2 .在语法填空中侧重考查一般时，进行时及完成时。3 .动词的时态和语态是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。考题创设的语境比较明确，通常是根据所设置的语境中的信息判断时态以及主谓语之间的主谓或动宾关系。【名师指导】1 . 了解并能正确运用常考的11种时态;2 .熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态;3 .掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。动词时态的知识网络（以动词do为例）现在时过去时将来时过去将来时般时do /doesdidshall/will doshould/wou
2、ld do进行时am/is/are doingwas/were doingshall/will be doingshould/would be doing完成时 have/has did完成进行时have/has been doinghad didshall/will have didshould/would have didhad been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing【重要考向】一、一般时态;二、进行时态;三、完成时态;四、高考涉及的其他时态;五、被动语态【2022年1月浙江卷语法填空】（2022
3、新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that（be）previously unprotected, 答案：were解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的 大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语 从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语，根据previously （之前地）” 可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，
4、从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。（2022新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP（design）to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity and integrity（完整，性）of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zon
5、es, and leaving behind precious natural assets（资产）for future generations”.答案：is designed解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物 多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的 主语TheGPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态， 主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao（w
6、alk） through 34 countries in six continents 答案：has walked解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去 五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力 马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语 Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。（2022全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society（address） the opening ceremony.答案：address
7、ed解析:考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填addressed。（2022年浙江卷1月）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane （view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.答案：is viewed 或 has been viewed解析：考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流
8、信 息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现 在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewedo(2022年浙江卷1月)But Cobb and others (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing wit
9、h the climate change crisis.答案： are； changing解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程 参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句 意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并 列的动词 questioning 和 change,故填 changingo(2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly
10、 200 academics -many of them climate scientists (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.答案：have promised解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个 学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填 have promised o(2021.6新高考卷语法填空)One of the biggest compani
11、es I wrote to 43 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.【答案】was【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语 动词“wrote”可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数结 构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。(2021全国甲卷语法填空T1)The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It 1 (build) original
12、ly to protect the city of the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).【答案】was built【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析 句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态(bedone),根据句意和时间 状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填 was builto(2021全国甲卷语法填空T6)We 6 (hire) our
13、 bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.【答案】hired【解析】考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知， 此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。(2021 新高考I卷语法填空T6)You cant help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.【答案】was【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些
14、石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可 知，“how hard it(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作 wonder 的宾语，it 是从句的形 式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 故填waso(2021 浙江卷语法填空T1)It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac, but Lincolns home in downtown Springfield, Illinoi
15、s, 1(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.【答案】has proved/has proven【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但 林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。 分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincolns home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意 及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the pu
16、blic可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响， 符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have+过去分词；主语Lincoln，s home in downlown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has,提示同prove的过去分词形式是proved 或 proven。故填 has proved/has proven。(2021 浙江卷语法填空T5 )Marys niece wrote, nThe little home 5(paint) white.n【答案】was painted【解析】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：这个小
17、房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被 动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去 分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填 was paintedo（2021浙江卷语法填空T10 ）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented
18、the house and 10（sell） most oftheir furniture.【答案】sold【解析】考查动词时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可 知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词 sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。（202L6新高考1卷语法填空）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can*t help wondering how hard it 6 （be） for the pe
19、ople then to put all those rocks into place.【答案】was【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then 可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it,是第三人称单数形式。故填waso（2021.6浙江卷语法填空）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 （sell） most of their furniture.【答案】sold【解析】考查一般过去时。句
20、意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分 的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）It （build） originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored （彳修复）. 【答案】was built;【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词，又因it指代前面 The Xi*an City Wall,和buDd是被动关系，且是在the Tang dy
21、nasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本 句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。(2021.6全国甲卷语法填空)We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.【答案】hired【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可 知，应该为过去的时态，主语为we,为主动语态，故填hired。(2021.6浙江卷语法填空)It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantat
22、ion on the Pohomac, but Lincoln*s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.【答案】has proved 或 has proven【解析】考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它 开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。(2021.6浙江卷语法填空)Marys niece wrote, pretty, The little home 5
23、 (paint) white.【答案】was painted【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动 作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。(2021.1浙江卷语法填空)It is calculated by dividing a persons weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 254 (consider) healthy.【答案】is considered【解析】考查被动语态。句意:介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句
24、子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) heal thy.可知Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一 般现在时，故答案为is consideredo(2021.1浙江卷语法填空)Tn cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.【答案】was【解析】考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是13男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知 主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。(2020新课标I卷语法填空)T
25、he unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器)一the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess61 ,(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】touched【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神上 周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填 touchedo(2020新课标I卷语法填空)This really excites scienti
26、sts, n Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct). H【答案】means【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters 说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可 知，此处也使用一般现
27、在时，主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。【答案】is constructed【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语 construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时， 主语 the moon 是单数，故填 is constructedo(2020新课标in卷语法填空)The artist was sure he would63. (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emper
28、ors chief minister, the old nan laughed.【答案】be chosen【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老 人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填bechosen。(2020新课标III卷语法填空)65 (When/As) he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (
29、point) down the river.【答案】pointed【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着 指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。(2020浙江卷语法填空)And, as more children were bom, more food 59. (need).答案】was needed【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need 之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语
30、态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。(2020浙江卷语法填空)By about 6000 BC, people 61 .(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.【答案】had discovered【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲 畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表 示主动逻辑。by +过去时间译为“到 为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.(2020浙江卷语法填空)N
31、ew methods 65 . (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.【答案】meant【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处 需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示 主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。(2020山东卷语法填空)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38.(form) the core collection of the Br
32、itish Museum 39 (which/that) opened in 1759.【答案】formed【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯斯隆爵士的8万件臧品构成了 1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核 心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语inl759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。(2020山东卷语法填空)The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or rooms.【答案】are called【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用， 应使用一般
33、现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。【2019新课标I卷语法填空】Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations，故用复数谓语，一般
34、现在时，故填are。【2019新课标II卷语法填空】Picking up hefLifetime Achievementaward, proud Irene 64 (declare) she had no plans to retire(retire) from her 36-year-old business.【答案】declared【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分，根据后文had以及 said可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。【2019 新课标II卷语法填空】I dont see any reason to give up work.
35、 I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years【答案】have made【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“。ver the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句 意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。【2019新课标HI卷语法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65 (recommend)wonderful places to eat, sh
36、op, and visit.For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.【答案】recommended o【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购 物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommendedo【2019新课标HI卷语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay, we 69
37、(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars【答案】were invited o【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。 根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we,故填were invited。【2018新课标卷I语法填空】While running regularly cant make you live forever, the r
38、eview says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.【答案】is【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it,要用第三人称单数。故填is。【2018新课标卷n语法填空】Diets have changed in China - and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61(grow) more cornthan
39、rice.【答案】has grown【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时，且主语为the country,所以应该应 该用单数形式。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填hasgrown。【2018新课标卷n语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005一when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to
40、farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】started【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从 句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。【2018新课标卷n语法填空】True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean)me no real harm.【答案】meant【解析】考查动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一
41、般过 去时，所以用meant。以模拟检测,(2022四川师范大学附属中学二模)Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and 61 (choose) to manage a team in Sweden.【答案was chosen【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：Gabriela曾在一家位于巴西的跨国公司工作，是位成功的项目经理，并 被选中管理瑞典的一个团队。句中的and连接动词worked和设空处作并列谓语，由此可知设空处的时态 为一般过去时，动词choose与主语
42、Gabriela之间是动宾关系，因而需用被动语态。故填waschosen。(2022新疆布尔津县高级中学一模)In recent years, as the new technology of using computers and smartphones2 (take)over society, studentsno longer need to learn how to write “ mechanically and they let their keyboards do the work.【答案】has taken【解析】考查动词时态。句意：近年来，由于使用电脑和智能手机的“新”技术已
43、经接管了社会，学生们不 再需要学习如何机械地书写，他们让键盘工作。根据时间状语“In recent years”可知，此处使用现在完成 时，主语为technology,助动词用has。故填has takeno(2022云南一模)The China-Laos Railway, U connects Kunming in southwest Chinas Yunnan Province with the Laotian capital, Vientiane, 12 (start) operation on Dec 3. 2021.【答案】started【解析】考查时态。句意：连接中国西南部云南省昆
44、明和老挝首都万象的中老铁路于2021年12月3日 开始运营。此处缺乏谓语，时间状语为on Dec 3. 2021,谓语动词start用一般过去时。故填started。(2022陕西省榆林中学二模)Y“Young people 29 (wear) out,“ said Lim Woon-taek, a professor of sociology at Keimyung University in the Republic of Korea.【答案】are worn【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：“年轻人疲惫不堪”，韩国启明大学的社会学教授LimWoon-taek说。根 据固定短语“sb. be
45、worn out”意为“使某人疲惫不堪。即sb和wear out之间是被动关系；因主语为Young people,时态为一般现在时，所以此空应填一般现在时的被动语态。故填are worn。(2022河南模拟预测)The first time people used artificial snow to host a competition 43 (be) back in 1980.【答案】was【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人们第一次用人造雪来举办比赛是在1980年。根据句意和句中“in 1980”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，句子主语为“The first time”,
46、应用was：故 填 waSo(2022江西赣州一模)Happiness does not appear to be associated with age, gender, race, or geographical location. Instead, it 71 (relate) to the feeling you have when you are self-satisfied.【答案】is related【解析】考查时态及短语。句意：相反，它与你自我满意时的感觉有关。此句描述的是一般事实，故用一 般现在时。根据句意可知，此处考查短语be related to.,表示“与有关。主语it
47、是单数，故填isrelatedo(2021诸暨市5月模拟语法填空叮4)The popularity of plastic, which 4 (begin) rising in the 1950s, is growing out of control18.2 trillion pounds of plastic has been produced. And there is no sign of slowing down.【答案】began【解析】考查动词时态。句意：从20世纪50年代开始，塑料越来越受欢迎，但现在已经超出了控制 人们生产了 18.2万亿磅塑料。根据后文“in the 1950s”可知应用一般过去时。故填began。(2021诸暨市5月模拟语法填空T9)But Cobb and others(be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis .【参考答案】考查谓语动词。句子