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1、考点06谓语动词（解析 版）【命题趋势】1 .语法填空以时态的考查为主，语态的考查为辅。2 .在语法填空中侧重考查一般时，进行时及完成时。3 .动词的时态和语态是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。考题创设的语境比较明确, 通常是根据所设置的语境中的信息判断时态以及主谓语之间的主谓或动宾关系。【名师指导】1 . 了解并能正确运用常考的11种时态；2 .熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态；3 .掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。动词时态的知识网络（以动词do为例）现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般时do / doesdidshall/will doshould
2、/would do进行时am/is/are doingwas/were doingshall/will be doingshould/would be doing完成时have/has didhad didshall/will have didshould/would have did完成进行时have/has beendoinghad been doingshall/will have been doingshould/would have been doing【重要考向】一、一般时态;二、进行时态;三、完成时态；四、高考涉及的其他时态;五、被动语态【典例】一般时态【2022年1月浙江卷语法
3、填空】But Cobb and others(be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to providemore chances to participate remotely and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis .【参考答案】考查谓语动词。句子的主语是Cobb and others,根据空白后的now questioning可知此处缺 少构成现在进行时的助动词are。故填are
4、。【一般时态提分秘籍】1. 一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词 组)al ways, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually, every day/night 等连用。(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come 等动词。(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。Around two ocl
5、ock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream.lt somewhat bothers us.每天晚上两点左右，苏就说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。If it doesnt rain, well go on a picnic as planned.如果不下雨，我们将按计划去野餐。Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。The flight takes off at 2： 30 every Wednesday and Friday.匕机每周三、周五2： 30起飞。2
6、. 一般过去时表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系或表示过去一段时间 内反复发生的动作，常 与every day, often, sometimes等时间状语连用。一Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been?好长时间没见你了！你去哪里了？I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.我去了宁夏，在那里待了一年，作为一名志愿者教学。3. 一般将来时(l)“shall/will +动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状
7、态。“will +动词 原形还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。(2)“begoingto +动词原形”表示现在打算或计划将 来 要做的事情；表示根据某种 迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。(3)“beto+动词原形”表示预先安排好的计划或约定；表示说话人的意志、意图、指 责、义务、命令等；表示注定要发生的事情。(4)“beaboutto+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间 状语连用。一What time is it?几点了？一I have no idea.But just a minute I will check it for you.我不知道。但是等一会儿，我给你
8、查一下。Mr.Li was ill in hospital.李老师生病住院了。-Oh, I didnt know.ril go to see him tonight.哦，我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。I am to meet Mr.Brown at eleven oclock this morning.我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。I was about to go out when it began to rain.我正要外出，这时开始下雨了。进行时态【2018浙江卷11月语法填空】You probably(use) caffeine since childhood.【参考答案】have u
9、sed / have been using 由since可知此处用现在完成时或现在完成进行时表示这一 情况从过去某时一直持续到现在，已经终止或还有可能持续下去。【进行时态提分秘籍】1 .现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正 在进行。(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常限于go, come,leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear等表示移动、方向的动词。(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always, constantly, continual
10、ly 等副词连用)。2 .过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及 at that time at that moment, at this time yesterday at ten oclock yesterday 等连用。She was phoning someone, so I nodded to her and went away.她正在跟别人打电话，因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。3 .将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。Daniel,s family will be enjoying t
11、heirholiday in Huangshan this time next week.丹尼尔一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。【典例】2022浙江卷1月语法填空】For example,roughly 200 academics- many of them climate scientists 61(promise) tofly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.【参考答案】have promised考查谓语动词。句子的主语是复数名词academics,再根据后面的由since引 导的时间状语从句可知，
12、此处应用现在完成时。【完成时态提分秘籍】1.现在完成时(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作，常用的时间状语：already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last(past) few years, up to now, so far 等。(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态，常与for,since等表示一段时间的状 语连用。(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。(4)This/Itisthefirst/second.time+that 从句，that 从句 中 谓语要用现在完成
13、时。(5)It(This)is the best(worst, most interesting等)+名词+定语从句，从句中的谓语用现在 完成时。-Have you heard about the recent election?你听说过近期的选举吗？Sure, it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.当然了，它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since Icame to this school.这是
14、我自从到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinematogether as a family.这是第一次我们一家人去电影院看电影。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。2 .过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语： by then,
15、by that time, by the end of, by the time+句子等。(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope. want, expect.think, mean, suppose, plan, intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。(4)在“hardly(scarcely). .when., “no sooner.than.5,句型中,主句用过去完成时,从 句用一般过去时，意为“一就Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she had seen m
16、ost of the guests before.索菲娅环视了所有的面庞，她有印象绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all, he had had it fbr a very long time.他把自己的吉他卖掉时并不高兴。毕竟，他拥有这把吉他已经很长时间了。I had intended to call on you, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。By the time Jack returned home from England,
17、 his son had graduated from college.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下了。3 .将来完成时表示在将来某个时间之前完成的动作，并且往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间状 语为“by+将来某个时间”。By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket, we will have stayed there for one hour.等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将
18、已经在那里待了一个小时了。高考涉及的其他时态【典例】 【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】In fact, he(surprise) people since the beginning of his career.【参考答案】考查动词时态。句意：事实上，从他的职业生涯开始，他就让人们感到惊讶。根据句意 可知，此处可以使用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示从其职业生涯开始就持续使人们感 到惊讶，主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用haso故填has been surprising或has surprised0【其他时态提分秘籍】1 .过去将来时表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用于宾语从句中。H
19、e hoped that he would be given a more suitable job in 2016.他希望在2016年能得到更合适的工作。2 .现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去, 常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。Since the time humankind started gardening, we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful.自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起，我们就一直在努力让我们的环
20、境变得更加美丽。The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。3 .过去完成进行时(had been doing)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到过去某一时刻，这一动作可 能已经停止也可能还在进行。She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years, xk/w她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)She told me that she had
21、been waiting fbr me for an hour.她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)-考向五被动语态【典例】【2022新高考I卷】After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP(design)to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological
22、diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)fbr future generalions”.答案：is designed解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完 整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。 设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语TheGPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般 现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填认designe
23、d。【被动语态提分秘籍】1 .被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被 动语态，除be外被动语态的构 成 形式还有：get/become+过去分词。2 .只要及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。 常考的不及物动词或短语：last* cost, spread happen(to), take place, belong to, breakout, go out, run out, work OUto3.主动形式表示被动含义(1)表示感受、感官的系动词如feel, sound, taste, look等，后面跟形容词、名词构成
24、系 表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。(2)当 selL read, draw, wash, write, open, wear, run, bum 等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted Henry did his best to perform his duty.在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽力履行好自己的职责。一So what is the procedure?那么程序是什么样？All the applicants are
25、 interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.所有的应征者都被面试后官方才作出最后的决定。Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out.We must act immediately before theres none left.洪水灾区的食品即将用完。我们必须在他们用完之前采取措施。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。His books sell well, so they will be sold
26、soon.他的书很畅销，因此很快就会卖光。考点1几组时态的区别（表解）一般过去时一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去 的动作，凡有明确的过去时间的均用 过去时，一般过去时强调的是动作发 生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系Were you at school yesterday?昨天你在 学校吗?（问的是昨天的事情。但对今天没 什么影响。）现在完成时现在完成时强调的是对“现在” 的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或 还在继续I have just finished my homework.我刚 刚写完作业。（看上去好像是过去才发生的 事情，但是对我现在有了影响。因为写完了 作业，就可以做自己想做的事情。）过去完成时
27、过去完成时指的是相对于过去 的某一特定时间更早发生的动作，发 生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至 少涉及两个过去的动作When he came in,I had had my supper他 进来时，我就已经吃完晚餐了。（吃在进来之 前,所以用过去完成时。）考点2固定结构中的时态（表解）hardly.when.,nosooner. .than.一就”主句时态用过去完成时，从句时态用一般过去时Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in.This/That/It is/was thefirst/second.time4-that 从句“是次做某事”若
28、主句中为is,则从句 时态用现在完成时;若为 was,则从句时态用过去完 成时This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.I t+be.before.“要过才”或“在以后才”若be动词用一般过去 时，则before从句中常用 一般过去时;若be动词用 将来时，则before从句中 常用一般现在时Im sorry youve been waiting so long,but itH still be some time before Brian gets back.was/were d
29、oing.when”正在做 某事，这时（突然）”在when引导的从句中，谓语动词用过去式I was about to leave when he came in.I had just locked the door when 1 realised I had left my key on the kitchen table.was/were about todo. when.”正要做某事，这时（突然）“had donewhen”刚做完某事,这时（突然）”It is/has been+时间段+sincesince从句用过去时。 该句型表某个动作持续多 久。但若since后跟延续 性动词，要翻译成
30、否定含 义，即“没做某事已经多久 了“It has been three years since he worked here.他不在这工作已经三 年了。It has been three years since he smoked.他已经戒烟三年了。It has been three years since he began to smoke.他吸烟有三年了。考点3八种时态的标志词（表解）一般现在时often,usually,al ways,sometimes,never,seldom,everyweek/day/year/month.,once a week,on Sundays一般过去时
31、ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week/year/night/month.,in1989,just now,at the age of five,one day,ago,long ago,once upon a time,then（那 时）,on that day,the other day（几天以前）现在进行时now,these days,al this moment/time过去进行时at this time yesterday,at that time 或“when+一般过去时从句”,at 1:00 last night现在完成时
32、recently,recent years,these days/years,lately,since,for+Bt段（但还在延续）,in the past few years,ever since,in the last/past five months,up to now,since then,so far,ever,never,yet,lately,once,twice,three/four times.,already,before,just过去完成时before,by the end of last year/term/month一般将来时tomorrow,next day/week
33、/month/year.,soon,in a few minutes,by.,the day after tomorrow,in the future过去将来时the next day/moming/year.,the following month/week.考点6主动语态表示被动意义（表解）系动词+形容词look,sound.feel,smell,taste,prove,appearThe soup smells good but tastes terrible.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态cut,sell,read,write,fill,co ok,lock,wash,
34、drive,keepThis kind of material washes easily.The pen writes smoothly.Meat wont keep long in such hot weather.表开始、结束、运动的动词begin,finish,start,open,c lose,stop,end,runThe shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.有些表示“需要”的动词后加动词的形式need,require,want,beworthYour hair wants cutting.The floor requires washing.The bo
35、ok is worth reading.不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系hard,difficult,easy,heav y,fit,good,comfortable,conve nient,impossibleThe question is difficult to answer.The box is heavy to carry.The project is impossible to complete in a year.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas tha
36、t（be）previously unprotected,答案：were解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区， 将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空 处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在 从句中作主语，根据previously （之前地）”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致， 从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。（2022新高考1卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPN
37、P will be officially set up next year. The GPNP（design）to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity and integrity（完整性）of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets（资产）for future generations”.答
38、案：is designed解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完 整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产的指导原则。 设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语TheGPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般 现在时。故设空处应为般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填isdesignedo（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao（walk） through 34 countries in six continents答案：has walked解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去五年中，曹操
39、穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年, 他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知， 此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。（2022全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society （address） the opening ceremony.答案：addressed解析：考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去 时。故填 addressed。（2022年浙江卷1月）Travellin
40、g to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane （view ） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.答案：is viewed has been viewed解析：考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来 相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可 以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填isvi
41、ewed 或 has been viewedo(2022年浙江卷1月)But Cobb and others (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.答案：are； changing解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那
42、个想法，推动会议 提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的 个人行为。第一空：根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。第 二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change,故填changing。(2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics many of them climate scientists (promise) to fly as little as possi
43、ble since the effort started two years ago.答案：have promised解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家的网站上，自从两年前成立以来， 大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知 主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promisedo(2021.6新高考卷语法填空)One of the biggest companies 1 wrote to 43 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.【答案】was【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉
44、斯加航空公司。根据 定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of +形 容词最高级+可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。(2021 全国甲卷语法填空T1)The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China*s long history. It (build) originally to protect the city of the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修 复)
45、.【答案】was built【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全 修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态 (be done),根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。(2021全国甲卷语法填空灯6 )We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.【答案】hired【解析】考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。
46、分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据 上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。(2021新高考I卷语法填空T6)You cant help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.【答案】was【解析】考查时态和主谓 致。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。 分析句子可知，how hard it(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作 wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶 的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。(2021浙江卷语法填空丁1)It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac, but Lincolns home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.【答案】ha