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1、考点09完成体谓语动词时态是语篇型填空和短文改错的必考点和热点。高考对谓语动词的考查一时态为住,语态为辅。对于时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时,一般过去时、现在完成时等等常见时态。此外在考查物动词的同 时还考查主谓一致问题。预计2023年时态仍将是高考的重点和难点所在。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错 等形式考查,动词的时态在语法填空和短文改错中既是必考点又是热点。高考在考查时态的同时、仍然以 最基本的时态(一般现在时,一般过去时、现在完成时)为主,但是也会兼顾其他语法内容的考查,比方 各种从句、强调句、倒装句等,其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。法技1 . 了解并能正确运用必考的10种时态(一般现在

2、时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时);2 .熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等高考高频时态;3 .掌握几种易混时态的区别,如现在完成时和一般过去时等。完成体考向一、现在完成时1 .现在完成时结构:主语+助动词have(has) +动词过去分词否认句:have/has 后力口 not, haven,t/hasn,t一般疑问句:have/has提前2 .现在完成时的用法:(1)表示“将来完成”:即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。When we get there, shell have g

3、one to work,我们到那里时她会已经上班去了。I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.我预料到明天你就会改变主意了。(2)表示“持续”:即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。We will have been married a year on June 25th.到 6 月 25 日我们俩就结婚满 1 年了。By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years.至1J下星期此亥U, 我就已经为该 公司

4、工作24年了。(3)表示”推测:即表示根据某情况作出的推测。That will have been Roland. He said he9d be back at 7.准是罗兰。他说他 7 点钟回来。There will have been a definite result before Friday.星期五以前肯定会有结果。1经典好题Lit s reported that by the end of the month, the output of cement in the factory by about 10%.A. will have risenB. will be risingC

5、. has risenD. has been rising【答案】A【解析】考查时态。由时间状语by the end of the month”可知此处表示在将来某时已经完成的动作,因此用 将来完成时。2.You needn t hurry her. It by her by the time you are ready.A.will have been finishingB.has finishedC.will have been finishedD.will be finished【答案】C【解析】考查时态和语态。by the time you are ready”表示将来的某个时间,此处

6、表示将来完成的动作,故 应使用将来完成时,根据句意,事情应该被完成,所以C项正确。1. (2021东北二校二模短文改错)I also talked about the ways I plan to accomplish my goals. 【答案】planplanned【解析】考查时态。句意:我也谈到了我计划如何实现我的目标。整个短文都在表达过去的事 情,所以本句为一般过去时。故plan改成planned。2. (2021齐齐哈尔市二模短文改错)He laugh so much that he can even give me a smile at the most difficult tim

7、e in his life.【答案】laughlaughs【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:他笑得那么多,他甚至可以在他(我们)生活中最困难的时候 给我一个微笑。主语为He ,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故将laugh改为laughs。3. (2021齐齐哈尔市三模短文改错)Now we had been living together for over two years.【答案】had一have【解析】考查动词时态。句意:现在我们已经一起生活了两年多。根据时间状语“for over two years”可知,此处应该用现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去开始持续到现在,并继续持续到将 来。故将had

8、改为have。4. (2021齐齐哈尔市一模短文改错)I was riding my bike clown to the corner shop on a Saturday morning when I attracted by a cute boy who was walking his dog.【答案】I后加was【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:一个星期六的早晨,我骑着我的自行车去街角的商店, 这时我被一个正在遛狗的可爱男孩吸引住了。根据语境可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,应用 一般过去时,attract与主语I的被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故I后加was。5. (2021齐齐哈尔

9、市一模短文改错)I was riding my bike clown to the corner shop on a Saturday morning when I was attracted by a cute boy who was walking his dog. Suddenly my neighbour drives past and honked (按喇叭)at me.【答案】drives-drove【解析】考查动词时态。句意:突然,我的邻居开车经过,对着我按喇叭。根据语境可知,此处描述的 是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故drives改为drove。6. (2021玉林市一模短文改

10、错)The forest of my hometown are beautiful no matter what the season is.答案are -is【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:无论什么季节,我家乡的森林都是美丽的。根据主语是The forestof my hometown,可知此处谓语动词要用单数形式。故将are改为is。7. (2021玉林市一模短文改错)I drive on smiling at the magic of this moment and thanked God.【答案】drivedrove【解析】考查时态。句意:我继续开车,为这神奇的一刻而微笑,感谢上帝,我开得

11、很慢,没 有撞到那只美丽的鹿。根据上文时态是一般过去时,可知此处也在表示发生在过去的事情,用 一般过去时,要用动词的过去式。故将drive改为drove。8. (2021马鞍山市一模短文改错)To be honest, I felt clumsy when I first learn to play it.【答案】learnTleamed【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:老实说,我第一次学篮球的时候觉得自己很笨。根据I felt clumsy可知,此处应用一般过去时。故将learn改为learned9. (2021柳州市三模短文改错)I still remember my first presen

12、tation in front of my entire class. When it comes to my turn, I was very nervous!【答案】comes一came【解析】考查时态。句意:轮到我的时候,我非常紧张!本文是作者回忆往事,所以事情发生 在过去。故将comes改为cameo10. (2021兰州市三诊短文改错)Its great to hear from you. You ask me about my life in high school.【答案】ask一asked【解析】考查动词时态。句意:你问了我关于我在高中的生活。根据上文“Ifs great to

13、 hear from you.”可知,收到了信件,说信件中提到的事情,用一般过去时,故将ask改为asked。11. (2021江南十校模短文改错)Facing such a great opportunity, we both feel excited.【答案】feel-felt【解析】考查动词时态。句意:面对这样一个非常好的机会,我们都感到很兴奋。结合上文可 知事情发生在上周一,应用一般过去时。故feel改为felt。12. (2021黄山市二模短文改错)luseto be a person who hated exercising.【答案】use - used【解析】考查时态和固定短语。

14、句意:我曾经是一个讨厌锻炼的人。根据定语从句Who hated exercising可知,主句描述的是过去的事,应用固定短语used to be过去曾经是故将use改为 usedo13. (2021黄山市二模短文改错)I believe only by practicing over and over again can I catch up with other fantastic players one day. The challenge motivate me to work harder.【答案】 motivate motivates【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:挑战激励我更努力地练习

15、。此处描述现在的事实,因此时态是 一般现在时,根据主语The challenge可知,此处要用动词的第三人称单数形式。故将motivate 改为 motivates o14. (2021淮南市一模短文改错)Recently I have moved by an advertisement which encourage people to go home more often.【答案】1 在 moved 前面力口 been 2. encourage encourages【解析】1.考查时态和语态。句意:最近我被一那么鼓励人们多回家的广告感动了。由主句时 间状语Recently可知,时态用现在完

16、成时,结合by可知,主语I和谓语动词move是被动关系, 用现在完成时的被动语态(have been done),加上been。故在moved前面加been。2.考查主谓一致。句意:最近我被一那么鼓励人们多回家的广告感动了。an advertisement which encourage people to go home more often 是定语从句, 先行词是 an advertisement, 在从句中作主 语,由从句时间状语often可知,时态用一般现在时,从句主语an advertisement是单数,从句 谓语动词encourage也用单数形式。故将encourage改为enc

17、ourageso15. (2021合肥市二模短文改错)After a while, in the yard was some snowmen,.【答案】 waswere【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:过了一会儿,院子里就有了一些雪人,看起来都很有趣。分析 句子可知,本句是倒装句,主语snowmen是名词复数形式,故be动词应用were。故将was 改为were。16. (2021合月巴市二模短文改错)How I wish I can go back there next year!【答案】can-could【解析】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意:我多么希望明年还回那里! wish后是宾语从句,从句 应使

18、用虚拟语气,结合next year可知表示将来的愿望,谓语局部用“could+动词原形”,故将can 改为couldo17(2021桂林市二模短文改错)John went shopping in a store, but he forgot to bring a bag. So he buys a shopping bag.【答案】buybought【解析】考查时态。句意:所以他买了一个包。此处指过去的事情,所以用一般过去时,故把 buys 改成 boughto丫真题苕笑1. (2022全国甲卷 语法填空)In the last five years. Cao 47 (walk) throug

19、h 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africas 48 highest mountain.【答案】has walked【解析】考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞 力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语 Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用haso故填has walkedo2. (2021 年 6 月浙江卷)It doesnt impres

20、s like George Washington*s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincolns home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 36 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.【答案】has proved/ has proven【解析】考查动词。句意:它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在 伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句 子成分可知,设

21、空处作谓语动词,Lincolns home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语;结合句意及设空处 后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,符合现在完 成时概念,故设空处用现在完成0寸;现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词;主语Lincolns home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prove的过去分词形式是proved或proveno 故填 has proved/ has proven o3. (

22、2020浙江卷)By about 6000 BC, people 61(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 【答案】61.考查时态。【解析】句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句 子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。 by +过去时间 译为“到为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.4. (2018全国卷 II, 61, 68) Diets have changed in China and s

23、o too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 一 when the government started (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations tofarmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 milli

24、on tons.has grown【解析】考查时态。since加时间点,主句要用现在完成时。句意:2011年以来,中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has growno5. (2017全国卷HI, 43 49)Sarah(tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.【答案)63. was told / has been told【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式, 又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数,故填was

25、 told / has been toldo6. (2021 年天津卷)Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he jobs by a dozen computer companies.A. has offeredB. has been offeredC. had offeredD. had been offered【答案】D【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意:马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候,已经有十几家电脑公司给 他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句,含By the time引导的时间状语从句,主句动作先于从句动作,且主句 主语he和谓语动词of

26、fer之间是被动关系,是过去完成时的被动语态。应选D。7. (2021 年天津卷)I honestly donft think Tm going to be admitted.-Well, you never know! You a better impression than you think.A. may have madeB. should have madeC. couldnt have madeD. neednt have made【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意:一老实说,我觉得我不会被录取。一唉,谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能 比你想象的要好。A.may have made

27、可能;B.should have made本应该做;C.couldnt have made不可能做; D.neednl have made本不必做。根据句意可知,此处表示的是有可能,应选A。(1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,强调的是这个结果或影响,常与yet, already, just, before, lately等时间状语连用。一Have you had your lunch yet?你吃过午饭了吗?一Yes, I have. I have just had it.是的,我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了。)I have already posted the photos.

28、我已经寄过这些照片了。(这些照片已不在我这里了。)have(has) gone to, have(has) been to 和 have(has) been in 的区另U1. have (has) gone to表示已经去某地了 ,不能与for+一段时间连用。She has gone to Shanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上,或已到上海,总之现在不在这里。)2. have (has) been to表示”曾经去过某地,不能与for+一段时间连用。She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已经不在上海,只说明她曾经去过。)3. have (has)

29、been in/at表示” 一直待在某地,常与时间段搭配,指待了很久。(2)过去发生的事情,一直持续到现在(其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词)。I havent seen her these days.近来我一直没见过他。Ive known Li Lei for three years.我认识李雷已经三年了。They have lived here since 1996.他们自从 1996 年就住在这儿。She has taught us since I came to this school.自从我来这所学校,她就教我。3.现在完成时多与以下时间状语连用:(1)用于”过去发生的事,对现

30、在造成的影响或结果”的时间状语有:already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中意为“已经“,用在否认句中表示“还“,常放在句末。ever意为“曾经“,用于疑问句或否认句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。never意为”从来都没有”,常和before连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。before意为“以前“,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。(2)用于“过去发生的事,一直延续到现在”的时间状语有:for + 时间段 for two yearssince + 时间点 r since 2008since then since he cam

31、e hereso far目前;迄今为止up to now=till now=by now到现在为止;直到现在all the time 总是;一直recently/lately 最近these days 近几天by the end of.至U末/结束 by the end of this month/year 到本月 /年末during /over the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中in the last /past days/ months/ years 在过去的几个天/月/年中(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。I will no

32、t believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.(4)非延续性动词的否认形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。I havent received his letter for almost a month.(5) since与for用法比拟用法例句since用来说明动作起始时间I have lived here since I was born.我从出生起就住在这里。 My aunt has worked

33、 in a clinic since 1949.我姑姑从 1949 年 开始一直在一个小诊所工作。for用来说明动作延续时间长度I have lived here for more than twenty years.我在这里住了 二十多年了。3.现在完成时的常用固定句型(1) That/This/It is the first (second, third . ) time. (that)句型中,从句要用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次参观这座城市。It is the third time that

34、the boy has been late.这是这个男生第三次迟到了。(2) n That/This/It is the +形容词最高级+名词+ (that)从句”中,that从句要用现在完成时。This is the best film that Fve (ever) seen.这是我看过的最好看的电影。(3)在It is/has been + 一段时间+ since句型中,主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时,从句用一般过 去时。It has been/ It,s 5 years since we last met.自从上一次我们见面到现在已经是五年了。Its / It has been 3 m

35、onths since the man died.那人死去 3 个月 了。(4) 一段时间+完成时结构+ since引导的时间状语从句Two years has passed since I came here.我来这儿已经两年了。误区提醒(1)并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years.(我现在已不在这里工作)1 have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作)(2)短暂性动词和延续性动词用于完成时的区别:延续性动词表示经验、经历;短暂性动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段

36、时间的状语连用。He has completed the work.(表结果) re known him since then.(表经历)(3)短暂性动词和延续性动词用于till/until从句的差异延续性动词用于肯定句,表示做直到”;短暂性动词用于否认句,表示到才He didnt come back until ten oclock.直到十点钟他才回来。He slept until ten o”clock.他睡到十点钟。【疑难辨析】G现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所 以它不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterd

37、ay, last night, three weeks ago, in 2004等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在没有任何关系,它可以和表示过去的时间 状语连用。I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。(我了解这部电影的内容。)I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影.(只说明上星期看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况)经典好题,1. (2019黑龙江实验中学高三期末)The idea started in Standlake and throughout the country.A. had been spread B. has spre

38、adC. had spreadD. has been spread【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。句意:这一想法始于Standlake,并已传播到全国各地。表示动作发生在过去,对 现在产生的影响应用现在完成时,主语为idea,助动词应用has, spread为不及物动词,无被动语态。应选 Bo2. (2021 全国高三专题练习)Great changes have in our hometown in the past ten years.A. take placeB. taken placeC. been taken placeD. to take place【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。

39、句意:在最近十年,我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。take place含义为“发生”,没 有被动语态,所以可排除C选项。根据in the past ten years可判断出本句为现在完成时。应选B项。3. (2020江苏海安高级中学二模)Do not sign any agreement until you a lawyer or some otherknowledgeable person to read it.A. will askB. have asked C. are askingD. will have asked【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意:在没有请律师或其他有知识的人阅读之前,

40、不要签署任何协议。本句是until引 导的时间状语从句,主句为祈使句,从句用现在时表示将来时。根据句意可知此处指已经请律师或其他有 知识的人阅读了协议,所以用现在完成时表示将来完成时。应选B。4. (2022天津高三专题练习)As is reported, the number of smokers dropped by 17 percent in just oneyear thanks to the push of health knowledge.A. isB. hasC. haveD. are【答案】B【解析】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意:据报道,由于健康知识的普及,吸烟者的数量在短短一

41、年里就 下降了 17%。the number of后接名词复数,作主语时谓语动词用单数,故排除C和D项;谓语动词drop“下 降”,和主语the number of smokers之间为主动关系,故排除A,根据句意及时间状语in just one year可知, 此处用现在完成时。应选B项。5. (2020江苏常州高三期末)The teacher together with his assistants ten cell samples during the past twomonths in the school lab.A. analyzeB. analyzesC. has analyze

42、d D. have analyzed【答案】C【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:老师和他的助手们,在过去两个月里在学校实验室分析了十个细胞 样本。由“during the past two months”可知,本句为现在完成时,主语为 The teacher together with his assistants , 当together with连接句子时,谓语单复数与together with之前的词的单复数保持一致既与The teacher保持 一致。应选C项。考向二、过去完成时1 .基本结构:肯定句:主语+ had +过去分词+其他.否认句:主语+ had + not +过去分词+其他

43、.一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+ 一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他)?2 .基本用法(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。 可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句(在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间 状语从句)来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚 9 点钟,我们已经收至U 200 张

44、 飞船发来的图片。(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语 连用。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候,我在车站已经等了 20 分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。(3)表达过去发生的事情,在已表达了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。Mr. Smith died yesterd

45、ay. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词无所矢口,因为我没有好好学 习功课。(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果表达的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了 我借的书。She found the key that she had lost.她丧失的钥匙找到 了。(5)过去完成时

46、常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从 句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。(6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 如 when, before, after, as soon as, till/until 弓| 导的从句。When I woke u

47、p, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,那么常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因 为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他 的英语水平。(7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算 或意图等。They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮助,但没有及时.赶到那里。We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。(8)过去完成时还可用在 hardly.when

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