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1、2022年高三上学期期中模拟预测卷01【北京卷】英语（考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：100分）注意事项：1、本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。2、考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“I Got Him!”It was the homecoming parade in Rockwall, Texas, and cheerleader Tyra Win
2、ters in her uniform, was riding atop one of the schooPs floats（花车）.As it slowly made its way down the street, the 17-year-old enthusiastically at the crowd, all the while soaking in the music, laughter, andapplause.All of a sudden, a horrible 2 came. Looking down, Winters saw a two-year-old on the s
3、idewalk gasping for air, his mother 3 for help in panic. The boy had been sucking on a piece of candy when it 4 down the back of his mouth, lodging in his throat and blocking his windpipe.“There was no coughing； there was no 5 J his mother, Nicole cried. No one seemed to know how to help.Except for
4、Winters. With dreams of becoming a surgeon, she had learned the Heimlich maneuver （海姆利克氏急救法）.Knowing that every second 6、she leaped off the moving float and ranto the child.By the time she got to the boy, his face had turned purple, I got him!” she yelled to Nicole as she7 the boy from her. Winters
5、positioned him against her and gave a good three back slaps.选Ao细节理解题，根据第三段的“One year later, William moved to Puerto Rico and fell in love with the island. When he brought up to represent Puerto Rico in Alpine skiing, his friends laughed. Puerto Rico doesnt have snow. But William didnt quit.（一年后，威廉搬到
6、了波多黎各，并爱上了这个岛屿。 当他提出要代表波多黎各参加高山滑雪比赛时，他的朋友们都笑了。波多黎各没有雪。但是威廉 并没有放弃）”可知，William Flaherty决定代表波多黎各参加高山滑雪是因为他喜欢滑雪并且也 喜欢波多黎各。故选B。25. 推理判断题。根据第四段“However, it was tough for William to balance his training with medical appointments and going to school. So he did a school program totally online. He went to a l
7、ot of camps and there were lots of early mornings like 4:00 AM alarm clock. But he has managed to maintain straight As since halfway through third grade and he plans to head to college to study aerospace engineering.（然而，威廉很难在训练、医疗预约和上学之间找到平衡。因此他完全在网上上课。 他去了很多营地，很多时候都是凌晨四点闹钟就响了。但从三年级开始，他的成绩一直保持在A, 他计
8、划去大学学习航空航天工程）”可知，虽然身患疾病但William Flaherty努力学习，和训练， 并且学习优异，故推知，William Flaherty非常刻苦、努力。根据倒数第一段的“I really want to prove to all the other transplant survivors that they can do whatever they want in life.（我真的想向所有其他 移植幸存者证明他们可以做任何他们想做的事）”可知，William Flaherty想用自己的故事鼓励其 他移植幸存者，故推知，William Flaherty很乐观。故选D。26.
9、 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了从小患致命疾病的William Flaherty在五岁时爱 上了滑雪，通过自己的努力和坚持，在7年的准备后终于站在了 2022北京冬奥会的起跑线。故 D项“战胜疾病带来希望”可以作为最佳标题。故选D。CDeep Sea: To Mine Or Not To MineA robot as large as a truck moves along the bottom of the deep sea. It eats metallic （含金属的）rock and soft mud. They travel up a long pipe to a ship
10、, where workers and machinery separate out the rock and throw the mud back into the ocean. This is a mining operation. The rock contains a mixture of metals, including ones called rare earth metals. People use these materials to make batteries and electronics like computers and phones.Deep-sea minin
11、g hasnt happened yet. But it probably will occur within the next decade. No country owns any part of the deep sea, so a UN organization called the International Seabed Authority (ISA) decides who is allowed to mine there. It has allowed 29 organizations to explore the deep sea and make plans for min
12、ing, one of which plans to begin mining in the year 2027.Scientists and environmentalists, though, warn that mining could destroy deep-sea ecosystem. In 1989, ecologist Hjalmar Thiel carried out a test. His team searched the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean, in a spot with lots of the metallic rocks th
13、at miners wanted. They didnt actually collect any of the rocks. But they disturbed the mud, just as a mining operation would. The cloud of mud fell back down over the ocean floor burying creatures living there. Up to now, the area they disturbed has not recovered. Signs of the search are still there
14、. Deep sea creatures like sponges and corals have not moved back in. That means mining could have harmful, long-lasting consequences for deep ocean life. Scientists want to understand the deep sea better before disturbing it.Leaving the deep sea alone sounds great, but people need those metals, Mine
15、s on land are soon going to run out J geologist Steven Scolt of the University of Toronto told Smithsonian Magazine. “Every electronic device in the world has rare earth metals in it. we need raw resources.New energy technologies including solar and wind power and electric cars rely on these metals
16、as well. We may need to mine them from the sea in order to switch to greener energy sources.27. According to the passage, why do people want to carry out deep sea mining? A To test the mining robot.B. To collect rare earth metals.C. To separate the rock from mud.D. To understand the deep sea better.
17、28. What can we infer from the test of Hjalmar Thiel in 1989?A. They gathered some metallic rocks the miners wanted.B. They helped the recovery of the disturbed mining areas.C. They discovered the deep-sea mining affected the ocean ecology.D. They found the rare metallic rocks were harmful to sea cr
18、eatures.29. What is Steven Scolfs attitude towards deep-sea mining?A. Doubtful.B. Neutral.C. Supportive.D. Disapproving.【答案】28. B 29. C 30. C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了深海采矿作业给海洋环境带来的危害和必要性。28 .细节理解题。根据第一段A robot the size of a large bulldozer moves along the bottom of the deep sea.（一个大型推土机大小的机器人沿着深海底部移动厂和“Thi
19、s is a mining operation. The rock contains a mixture of metals, including ones called rare earth metals.（这是一个采矿作业。这种岩石含 有多种金属，其中包括一种叫做稀土金属的金属）”可知，深海采矿作业是为了获得稀土金属。故 选B项。29 .细节理解题。由文章第三段“But they disturbed the mud, just as a mining operation would. The cloud of mud fell back down over the ocean floor
20、burying creatures living there. Up to now, the area they disturbed has not recovered. Signs of the search are still there. Deep sea creatures like sponges and corals have not moved back in. That means mining could have harmful, long-lasting consequences for deep ocean life. Scientists want to unders
21、tand the deep sea better before disturbing it.（但他彳门扰舌L 了 泥 浆，就像采矿作业一样。泥云落在海底，埋葬了生活在那里的生物。到目前为止，他们扰乱的地 区还没有恢复。搜寻的迹象仍然存在。海绵和珊瑚等深海生物还没有搬回来。这意味着采矿可能 对深海生物产生有害的、长期的后果。科学家希望在干扰深海之前更好地了解它。）“可知，海底 采矿会影响海洋生态系统。故选C项。30 .推理判断题。由文章最后一段Leaving the deep sea alone sounds great, but people need those metals. Mines
22、on land are soon going to run outgeologist Steven Scolt of the University of Toronto told Smithsonian Magazine. Every electronic device in the world has rare earth metals in it. we need raw resources.”（离开深海听起来很棒，但人们需要这些金属。多伦多大学的地质学家史蒂文斯考 特告诉史密森尼杂志：“陆地上的矿很快就会耗尽。世界上每一个电子设备都含有稀土金属 我们需要原材料。”户可知，他对海底采矿是支
23、持的。故选C项。DBright Nights, Big ProblemsAstronomers rate the darkness of our skies on a range of 9 （brightest） to 1 （darkest）, and most of us spend our lives in the light of levels 5 to 8. All over the globe our nights are growing brighter, andalmost nowhere are they growing darker. Studies increasingly
24、 link our overuse of light at night with health concerns such as sleep disorders and diseases. Other studies report the damaging ecological consequences and the big waste of energy. But the steady loss of darkness from our lives is not easily measured, for the true value of darkness is something we
25、are barely aware of.Since the beginning of time, a sky with stars was part of the common human experience. Everywhere on Earth, on most nights, people came face to face with the universe. This experience influenced their beliefs-their very understanding of their place in the world. Today, many of us
26、 live under skies which are polluted by light. We live under a night sky showing much fewer stars. Although our night sky continues to shape us, it is the absence of the universe around us that influences our beliefs to create. We are being shaped by a less experience of darkness, and most of us don
27、t even know what we are missing.Our Milky Way galaxy is home to several hundred billion stars, and the universe home to several hundred billion other galaxies. A sky with a large number of stars encourages us to emphasize our importance, to imagine humanity as the center of all things. Face to face
28、with the endless size of the universe, we have the chance to know how insignificant we really are. But we also realize the true largeness of our living on this planet, and realize that we have an enormous responsibility to care, that there is no other place to go, that home is here.Everyone needs be
29、auty as well as bread J wrote John Muir, American naturalist. Lighting designers understand that without darkness, there is no city of light”, and they work constantly to create their citys atmospheric beauty by mixing artificial light with darkness. And with nights moonlit geographies, its smells o
30、f desert rain and autumn fires, its insect symphonies interrupted by a birds call on a lake, natural darkness has many offerings of its own.Yet we are completely involved in artificial light. Much of this lighting is wholly unnecessary, born of habit and lack of awareness. So let us become aware: si
31、mply by keeping our existing lights we could significantly reduce their negative effects on our body, our mind, our soul. Artificial light at night is a wonder, a quality that enriches our lives. But the same has always been true of darkness, and can be again.30. The author suggests that because of
32、light pollution we.A. tend to come face to face with the universeB need a lot of imagination to understand the universeC. are considerably less creative than our ancient ancestors wereD. experience the world in a different way to previous generations31. What does the author think about humans in Par
33、agraph 3?A. We have an over-confident belief in our own value.B We behave as if nothing exists apart from ourselves.C. We ignore the requirement of looking after our planet.D. We avoid thinking too deeply about our role on Earth.32. Why does the author include references to rain, fires and wildlife?
34、A. To illustrate the boring life at night without artificial light.B. To explain why people think lighting is necessary at night.C. To provide an example of the attractive qualities of night-time.D. To highlight the differences between urban and natural environments.33. We can learn from the last pa
35、ragraph that the author is.A. clear about the reasons why artificial light is essentialdissatisfied with peoples lack of interest in artificial lightB. willing to draw comparisons between artificial light and darknesshopeful that people will become aware of the negative impact of lights【答案】31. D 32.
36、 A 33. C 34. C【分析】这是一篇议论文。越来越多的研究表明，我们在晚上过度使用灯光与睡眠障碍和疾病等 健康问题有关。但是，我们生活中黑暗的稳定消失并不容易衡量，因为黑暗的真正价值是我们几 乎没有意识到的东西。文中作者通过将人造光和自然的黑暗相对比，告诉我们应当肩负起保护星 球家园的责任。31 .推理判断题。根据第二段“Since the beginning of time, a sky with stars was part of the common human experience. Everywhere on Earth, on most nights, people cam
37、e face to face with the universe.This experience influenced their beliefs-their very understanding of their place in the world. Today, many of us live under skies which are polluted by light. We live under a night sky showing much fewer stars. Although our night sky continues to shape us, it is the
38、absence of the universe around us that influences our beliefs to create. We are being shaped by a less experience of darkness, and most of us don,t even know what we are missing.（从一开始，满天繁星是人类共同经历的一部分。在地球上的 每一个地方，在大多数夜晚，人们都与宇宙面对面。这种经历影响了他们的信仰他们对自己 在世界上地位的理解。今天，我们许多人生活在被光污染的天空下。我们生活在星星少得多的夜 空下。虽然我们的夜空
39、继续塑造着我们，但正是我们周围宇宙的缺失影响了我们创造的信念。我 们被较少的黑暗经历所塑造，我们大多数人甚至不知道我们错过了什么）”可知，作者认为，由于 光污染，我们体验世界的方式与前几代人不同。故选D。32 .细节理解题。根据第三段中“Our Milky Way galaxy is home to several hundred billion stars, and the universe home to several hundred billion other galaxies. A sky with a large number of stars encourages us to e
40、mphasize our importance, to imagine humanity as the center of all things. Face to face with the endless size of the universe, we have the chance to know how insignificant we really are.（我们的银河系是几千亿颗恒星的家园，而宇宙是几千亿其他星系的家园。一个有大量星星的 天空鼓励我们强调我们的重要性，想象人类是一切事物的中心。面对浩瀚无垠的宇宙，我们才有 机会知道自己有多渺小）“可知，作者认为人类对自己的价值过于自
41、信。故选A。33 .推理判断题。根据第四段中“Everyone needs beauty as well as bread,” wrote John Muir, American naturalist. Lighting designers understand that without darkness, there is no “city of light”, and they work constantly to create their citys atmospheric beauty by mixing artificial light with darkness. And with
42、 nights moonlit geographies, its smells of desert rain and autumn fires, its insect symphonies interrupted by a birds call on a lake, natural darkness has many offerings of its own.（ 美国博物学家 John Muir 写 道：“人人都需要面包，也需要美丽”。灯光设计师明白，没有黑暗，就没有“光之城”，他们不断 地工作，通过人造光与黑暗的混合来创造他们城市的氛围之美。夜晚的月光照耀着大地，沙漠之 雨和秋天之火的气息，
43、昆虫发出的交响乐被湖中鸟儿的鸣叫打断，自然的黑暗也有它自己的许多 贡献）”可知，作者提到雨、火和野生动物，是为了给夜晚迷人的魅力提供一个例子。故选C。34 .细节理解题。根据最后一段中So let us become aware: simply by keeping our existing lights we could significantly reduce their negative effects on our body, our mind, our soul. Artificial light at night is a wonder, a quality that enrich
44、es our lives. But the same has always been true of darkness, and can be again.（所以，我们要意识到：只要保持现有的灯光，我们就可以显著减少它们对我们身体、思想 和灵魂的负面影响。夜晚的人造光是一个奇迹，一种丰富我们生活的品质。但是，黑暗一直以来 都是如此，也可以再次如此）”可知，作者乐于将人工光与黑暗进行比较。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Technology is an amenity
45、（舒适， 便利）of modern life nowadays. However, hackers （黑客）are standing beside you! They manage to hack users account and steal sensitive data. Here are 4 top golden rules on how to be safe online.35.The research conducted in 2019 by The Harris Poll showed that 21% of respondents dont update regularly th
46、e apps they use. 36. It is explained by the fact that new viruses appear every day.And the updates are meant to prevent them.Use unique passwords for your accounts.Unfortunately, 65% of people tend to use one password for several accounts, which increases security and privacy risk Its as dangerous a
47、s if one would use one key for a flat, car, office and strongbox. 37. To escape such threats, its strongly encouraged that you create passwords thatwould be difficult to guess.38.What if a man fails to access account or forgets the password? It wont be a problem if he/she uses an additional account
48、to renew the blocked one. Specify the backup address or phone number when registering.Backup your data.Sometimes it happens that accounts undergo hacking attacks despite the fact that all necessary precautions （预防措施）were taken. When this occurs, the safest way to get rid of the virus ware is toremov
49、e and reset the system. 39.A. Upgrade software on an ongoing basis.B Create an account to renew access if necessary.C. It is vital for you to upgrade your software in your daily using.D. Once lost, this key might be used to get access to all your possessions.E. Thus, the only way to get access to your data is to restore the backup.F. However, the last software version i