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1、checkhomeworkv“Wontquituntilwedrivethemintotheseaha,ha,ha!”CommissionerLiburstintoheartylaughter.vAlltheplaysoroperasstagedaboutkingsandprinces,generalsandminister,scholarsandbeautiesarenotharmful.Wemustmakeaconcreteanalysisofthem.vTheinvaders,whowererapaciousandruthless,pursuedthepolicyof“burnall,i
2、llall,lootall”,wherevertheywent.Reviewv1.ThreegroupsofwordsaccordingtotheequivalenceofwordsbetweenEnglishandChinese,thereasonsofthedifferencesandwaystosolvethetranslationproblems.v2.Fourkindsofwordsaccordingtothedifferencesofwords.v3.ThefinerdistinctionsofappellationsinChinesethaninEnglish,reasonsto
3、causethedifferences.Lecture FourCultural Differences in Everyday ConversationOutlinevI.Cultural Differences of Greetings and Farewells in Chinese and EnglishvII.Cultural Differences on Ways of Address in English and ChinesevvIII.Cultural Differences on Compliments and Responses vIV.Analysis on the D
4、ifferences vV.Miscellaneous Social Amenities Greetings in Chinesev1.Intheoldancient:v2.Intheancient:无它乎?无恙乎?吃了吗?More.v3.Inmodernsociety:你好！你好！上哪去啊？上哪去啊？吃了吗？吃了吗？见什么问什么见什么问什么(上街啊上街啊,下班了下班了?)GreetingsinEnglish How are you?How do you do?How is everything going on?Good morning/afternoon/evening!How are y
5、ou doing?Hello!HiFarewellsinChinese再见！再见！好走！好走！慢慢走！走！一路顺风！一路顺风！旅途愉快！请留旅途愉快！请留步步!FarewellsinEnglishGood-bye!Bye-bye!Happyjourney!Happylanding!MoreonEnglishFarewellsHaveaniceday.vEnjoyyourweekend.vSeeyouaround.vSolong.vItwasnicemeetingyou.Haveaniceevening/day/week,etc.AndMore.vInformal:vGoodtalkingtoy
6、ou.vYeah,Ihopetoseeyouaround.vTakecare.vSeeyoulater.vFormal:vItwasverynicetalkingtoyou.vIhopewellmeetagainsoon.vIdotoo.Thatwouldbenice.II.Ways of Addressv2.1AddressingFamilyMembersvInChinese:父,母,二哥，三姐，四婶vInEnglish:AuntMary,UncleJimvthegivenname,notthefamilynameisused.Morev2.2AddressingTeachersinScho
7、olsvInChinese:姓+老师,姓+教授vInEnglish:callprofessorsbytheirfirstnames,notasignofdisrespect,quitecountertoChinesecustom.v2.3SocialAddressingTermsvChineseway:theuseofapersonstitle,office,oroccupation:黄局长，林经理，马校长vInEnglish:onlyafewoccupationsortitleswouldbeused:Doctor_,Judge_,Governor_,Mayor_.Andv2.4Addres
8、singMilitaryOfficersvInChinese:usecommandorduties:陈司令，王团长，刘排长vInEnglish:usetherankoftheperson:CaptainJohnson,LieutenantBarberv2.5AddressingNon-relativesvInChinese:Exceptparents,almostallthekinshiptermscanbeused.vInEnglish:Onlyafewkinshiptermscanbeusedtoaddressnon-relatives,suchas:Father,Mother,Uncle
9、,Aunt,Brother,Sister,andtheyareonlyusedforsomecertainpeople.Examplesv“Father”is used to address rectors（“Father”or Father+surname）v“Mother”is used for the head of nun（“Mother”or Mother+surname)v“Aunt”and“Uncle”are used to address the good friends of parents(“Aunt+name”or“Uncle+name”such as“Aunt Mary
10、”and“Uncle John”v“Brother”is used to address monks v“Sister”is used to address nuns(“Brother+Christian name”or“Sister+Christian name”)Doyouknow?vEye Contact and Handshaking in IntroductionsvDirecteyecontactandfirmhandshakesduringintroductionarecustomaryintheUnitedStates.Inintroductionsaswellasingene
11、ralconversations,speakersmaintainfrequenteyecontact.Mostpeoplebecomenervousiffrequenteyecontactturnsintostaring.Whenshakinghands,peopleshakefirmlyandbriefly.Theexpression,“Heshakeshandslikeadeadfish”referstoalimphandshake,asignintheAmericancultureofaweakcharacter.Prolongedhandshakeisnotusual.v“Small
12、 Talk”After IntroductionsvImmediatelyafterintroductionsaremade,thereisusuallyaperiodoftimeinwhichimpersonalortrivialsubjectsarediscussed.Thistypeofconversation,called“smalltalk,”isimportantbecauseitoftenhelpstomaintainconversationsanditcanleadintointerestingdiscussions.Usuallyspeakersinitiatesmallta
13、lkwithsuchquestionsas:Howtocomplimentthem?AndWhataretheexpectedresponses?v哪里哪里!v过奖。v真的吗？你也不错啊！III.ComplimentandResponsesv3.1 Complimentv3.1.1 PreferencevChinese:liketobecomplimentedontheirinbornabilitiesorappearance.vEnglish:liketobecomplimentedontheirowndiligenceorotherafterbornqualities.v3.1.2 Gen
14、dersvChinese:itisconsideredimpoliteformaletocomplimentfemalesappearanceontheface,especiallysomebodyswife.vEnglish:somecomplimentwouldbeconsideredperfectlynaturalandevenhighlyappreciated.v3.1.3 Whom to be complimented?vInChinese:weoftencomplimentothersinsteadofmembersofonesownfamilyinfrontofothers.vI
15、nEnglish:itisquitenaturaltocomplimenttheirownfamilymembers.Morev3.1.4 Length of complimentvInChinese:peopletendtogivealengthyanddetailedcomplimenttoshowtheirhonestyandrealappreciation.vInEnglish:thecomplimenttendstobeshorterandmoregeneral.v3.2ResponsesofComplimentvChinese:wetendtorefusethecompliment
16、orpaybackit.vEnglish:theytendtoacceptthecompliment.3.3FactorstoInfluenceComplimentandResponsesvCulturaldifferences,gender,age,educationalbackground,etc.IV.AnalysisontheDifferencesvPolitenessPrinciples(Leech)vTactMaxim,GenerosityMaxim,ApprobationMaxim,ModestyMaxim,AgreementMaxim,SympathyMaxim.v顾曰国:贬已
17、尊人,称呼准则,文雅准则,求同准则vEnglishputAgreementMaximfirst,whileChineseputModestyMaximfirst.InadditionvSometimes,ifChinesedontunderstandtheintentionsofthecomplimentgivenbyEnglishpeople,misunderstandingmightbecaused.ApurecomplimentbyEnglishmightbetranslatedintoanasking.V.Miscellaneous Social AmenitiesvInChinese
18、:谢谢,对不起,请不用谢,这是我应该做的,劳驾,请让一让,辛苦了.vInEnglish:thanks,excuseme,sorry,please,youarewelcome,Iamgladtobehelpful.vThereisnoequivalentthatcanfitallsituations.ItcanmeanthanksinEnglish.SoweshouldputitintoEnglishas:thankyou,thanks,thanksalot,Iamsothankfultowhatyouhavedoneforme,Iloveyou(forlover)ChineseZodiac十二
19、生肖英文译法v英语中，当谈个人出生的属相时，表达为“Whatanimalsignwereyoubornunder?你属什么？IwasbornintheyearoftheRat./MineistheRat.我属鼠。”Ratcharm,子鼠vOxpatient,丑牛vTigersensitive,寅虎vRabbitarticulate,卯兔vDragonhealthy,辰龙vSnakedeep,巳蛇vHorsepopular,午马vGoatelegant,未羊vMonkeyclever,申猴vRoosterdeepthinkers,酉鸡vDogloyalty,戌狗vPigchivalrous.亥猪
20、vIwasbornintheYearoftheRooster.Inevereatchicken.TheYearoftheRoosterwillbringmegoodluckorbadluck.vChinesepeopletraditionallyuse12animals,representingthe12EarthlyBranches,tosymbolizetheyearinwhichapersonisborn.vSpringFestival1993,forexample,isthefirstdayoftheYearoftheRooster.Peopleborninthisyearhaveth
21、eroosterastheirlifesymbol.Allotheryearsoftherooster,accordingtoanoldChinesesaying,becomeeithergood-or-bad-luckyearforthem.exercisesv1.Thedistancezonerangingform4inchestoabout8feetisreferredtoasthe_zone.vA.publicB.intimateC.socio-consultativeD.casual-personalv2.Raisingonesopenhandwithpalmdowntoonesth
22、roatmeans“_”inEnglishculture.vA.ShameonyouB.ImfullC.KillyourselfD.YoureshorterthanIv3.Inproxemicsscholarsareparticularlyinterestedinthe_betweeninterlocutorsininterpersonalcommunication.vA.relativerightsB.relationshipC.distanceD.relativeobligationv4.Thebrandname_isneutralorpositiveinmeaninginChinesec
23、ulturebutpejorativeinEnglishculture?vA.青岛啤酒B.白象牌电池C.泸洲老窖D.菊花电扇Pleasetranslatev1.为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼。v2.你对他期望过高了。干这活他还是新手呢。v3.请提宝贵意见。v4.别指望亚瑟会为自己辩护，他胆小如鼠。v1.HethatservesGodformoneywillservethedevilforbetterwages.v2.Youreexpectingtoomuchofhim.Heisstillgreentohisjob.v3.Pleasegiveusyourcommentssuggest
24、ions.ORCouldyougiveusyourcommentsorsuggestions?v4.ItsnouseexpectingArthurtostandupforhimself.Hesastimidasamouse.exercisev1.Itwascleartomethatweweresoulmateswhenitcametoreducinggovernmentandexpandingeconomicopportunity.v2.ZhoucamethroughtoKissingerassubtle,brilliant,andindirect,apoliticianofvisionwhorefusedtogetboggeddowninpettydetail.v3.我干了一天活，累得连炕都上不去，浑身疼得要命，睡也睡不着。v4.你别狗仗人势欺侮人，争权夺利，勾心斗角的事我不干。homeworkv1.pleasereviewchapter4v2.pleasepreviewchapter5v3.trytokeepinmindChineseZodiacv Thank you