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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！第 1 页 共 15 页 2021 年考研英语(一)真题及答案 2021 年考研英语(一)真题 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the follog tet.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter a
2、s“a bodily eercise precious to health.”But some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physal filness Laughter does short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,heart rate and oygen consumption But because hard laughter is diffult to,a good laugh is
3、 unlikely to have benefits the way,say,walking or jogng does.,instead of straining muscles to build them,as eercise does,laughter arently acplishes the,studies dating back to the 1930s indate that laughter.muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably helpthe effects of psychologal stress.Anyway,th
4、e act of laughing probably does produce other types of feedback,that improve an individuals emotional state.one classal theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted physal reactions.It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry they are sad but they bee sad when te tears
5、 ben to flow.Although sadness also tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow muscular responses.In an eperiment published in 1988,social psycholost Fritz.1Aamong Becept Cdespite Dlike 2Areflect Bdemand Cindate Dproduce 3Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining 4Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluat
6、e Dobserve 5Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！第 2 页 共 15 页 6AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief 7Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Depected 8Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaes 9Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance 10Aphysal Bmental Cs
7、ubconscious Dinternal 11AEcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for 12Awith Bon Cin Dat 13Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause 14Aehausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses 15Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond 16Afetch Bbite Cpk Dhold 17Adisointed Becited Cjoyful Dindifferent 18Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted 19Asugge
8、sting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing 20AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConversely Section II Reading prehension Part A Directions:Read the follog four tets.Answer the questions below each tet by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Tet 1 The decision of the New
9、 York Philharmon to hire Alan lbert as its mus director has been the talk of the classal-mus world ever since the sudden announcement of his ointment in 2021.For the most part,the response has been favorable,to say the least.“Hooray!At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sided classal-mus crit.One
10、 of the reasons why the ointment came as such a surprise,however,is that lbert is paratively little known.Even Tommasini,who had advocated lberts ointment in the Times,calls him“an unpretentious musian with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the mus director of an orch
11、estra that has hitherto been led by musians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part,I have no idea whether lbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performs an impressive variety of interesting p
12、ositions,but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！第 3 页 共 15 页 Fisher Hall,or anywhere else,to hear interesting orchestral mus.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf,or boot up my puter and download still more recorded mus from iTunes.Devoted con
13、certgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.For the time,attention,and money of the art-loving publ,classal instrumentalists must pete not only with opera houses,dance troupes,theater panies,and museums,but also with the recorded performances of t
14、he great classal musians of the 20th century.There recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher in artist quality than todays live performances;moreover,they can be“consumed”at a time and place of the listeners choosing.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus
15、brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classal concert.One possible response is for classal performers to program attractive new mus that is not yet available on record.lberts own interest in new mus has been widely noted:Ale Ross,a classal-mus crit,has described him as a man w
16、ho is capable of turning the Philharmon into“a markedly different,more vibrant organization.”But what will be the nature of that difference?Merely epanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough.If lbert and the Philharmon are to succeed,they must first change the relationship between Ameras o
17、ldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1 that lberts ointment has Aincurred critism.Braised suspion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards lbert as an artist who is Ainfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.The author believes that the d
18、evoted concertgoers Aignore the epenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Ceaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！第 4 页 共 15 页 performances.24.According to the tet,whh of the follog is t
19、rue of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general publ.CThey help improve the quality of mus.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding lberts role in revitalizing the Philharmon,the author feels Adoubtful.Benthusiast.Cconfident.
20、Dpuzzled.Tet 2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of Amera in August,his eplanation was surprisingly straight up.Rather than cloaking his eit in the usual vague ecuses,he came right out and said he was leaving“to pursue my goal of running a pany.”Broadcasting his ambition was“very much my
21、 decision,”McGee says.Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Serves Group,whh named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of pany he wanted to run.It also sent a clear
22、 message to the outside world about his aspirations.And McGee isnt alone.In recent weeks the No.2 eecutives at Avon and Ameran Epress quit with the eplanation that they were looking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,eecutives who dont get the no
23、d also may wish to move on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery ben to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a.In the third quarter,CEO turnover was dow
24、n 23 from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had,according to Liberum Research.As the economy pks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For years eecutives and headhunters have adhered
25、 to the 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！第 5 页 共 15 页 rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”T
26、hose who jumped without a job havent always landed in positions qukly.Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tiny Inter-based modities echange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 205 with ambitions to be a CEO.He fin
27、ally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for performers.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are,but thats been fund
28、amentally inverted,”says one headhunter.“The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure,his manner can best be described as being Aarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2,senior eecutives quitting may be spurr
29、ed by Atheir epectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word“poached”(Line 3,Paragraph 4)most probably means Aroved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be in
30、ferred from the last paragraph that A performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of performers is getting out-dated.C performers care more about reputations.Dits safer to stk to the traditional rules.30.Whh of the follog is the best title for the tet?ACEOs:Where to Go?BCEOs:All the Way Up?C Ma
31、nagers Jump without a DThe Only Way Out for Performers Tet 3 The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！第 6 页 共 15 页 for.No longer.While traditional“paid”media such as television mercials and print advertisements still pl
32、ay a major role,panies today can eploit many alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create“owned”media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers restered with its Web site.The way consumers now roach the broad range of factors beyond conventional pai
33、d media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.For earned media,such marketers act as the initiator for users responses.But in some cases,one marketers owned media bee another marketers paid media for instance,when an e-merce retailer sells ad space on its Web
34、site.We define such sold media as owned media whose traff is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-merce ennes within that environment.This trend,whh we believe is still in its infancy,effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no
35、 doubt go further.Johnson Johnson,for ele,has created BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property that promotes plementary and even petitive products.Besides generating ine,the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,ves panies opportunities to learn valuable information about the eal
36、of other panies marketing,and may help epand user traff for all panies concerned.The same dramat technologal changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)munations choes have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voe their opinions in quker,more visible,and much m
37、ore damang ways.Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media:an asset or caign bees hostage to consumers,other stakeholders,or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product.Members of social works,for instance,are learning that they can hijack media to ly 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源
38、于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！第 7 页 共 15 页 pressure on the businesses that orinally created them.If that hens,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target pany at risk.In such a case,the panys response may not be suffiently quk or thought
39、ful,and the learning curve has been steep.Toyota Motor,for ele,alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quk and well-orchestrated social-media response caign,whh included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as and the social-news si
40、te Digg.31.Consumers may create“earned”media when they are A obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiast about remending their favorite products.32.According to Paragraph 2
41、,sold media feature A a safe business environment.B random petition.C strong user traff.D fleibility in organization.33.The author indates in Paragraph 3 that earned media A invite constant conflts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible
42、for fiercer petition.D deserve all the negative ments about them.34.Toyota Motors eperience is cited as an ele of A responding effectively to hijacked media.B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hijacked media.35.Whh of the foll
43、og is the tet mainly about?A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Conflt between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.Tet 4 Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful,provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate My Life,”is aro
44、using much chatter nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！第 8 页 共 15 页 less than a pletely fulfilling,life-enrhing eperience.Rather than concluding that children make parents either hy or miserable,Senior suggests
45、 we need to redefine hiness:instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being hy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day eperience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writes that“the very things that in the moment
46、 den our moods can later be sources of intense gratifation and delight.”The magazine cover shog an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive and newly single mom Sandra Bullock,as well as the u
47、sual“Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news.Practally every week features at least one celebrity mom,or mom-to-be,smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation,is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-kil
48、ling?It doesnt seem quite fair,then,to pare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children.Unhy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldnt have had kids,but unhy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world:obviously
49、their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course,the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealist,especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.According to several studies concluding that
50、parents are less hy than childless couples,single parents are the least hy of all.No shock there,considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on;yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it,raising a kid on their“own”(read:with round-the-clock help)is a 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有