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1、 文化与汉英翻译文化与汉英翻译文化的处理模式文化的处理模式文化的处理模式文化的处理模式:I.I.文化直入（文化直入（the Go-ahead Modelthe Go-ahead Model）：源语文化表达）：源语文化表达形式直接进入译文形式直接进入译文:1.1.音译：音译：阴阳（阴阳（yin and yangyin and yang）气功气功 (qigong)(qigong)旗袍旗袍 (qipaoqipao,cheongsam),cheongsam)开放开放 (kaifangkaifang)江湖江湖 (jianghujianghu)2.2.直译：直译：热狗热狗 hot-dog hot-dog
2、五讲四美五讲四美 five stresses and four points of beautyfive stresses and four points of beautyII.II.文化阻断文化阻断 (the Block Model)(the Block Model)：源语文化表达形：源语文化表达形式消失，文化意义没有进入译入语语篇。式消失，文化意义没有进入译入语语篇。主要是自谦语：鄙人（主要是自谦语：鄙人（I I）贱内贱内 (my wife)(my wife)浅谈浅谈 (on)(on)III.III.文化诠释文化诠释 (the Annotation Model)(the Annotati
3、on Model)：为源语文化：为源语文化表达形式提供文化语境信息。表达形式提供文化语境信息。炒勺：炒勺：开始翻译成：开始翻译成：round-bottomed frying panround-bottomed frying pan 现在：现在：frying wok frying wok IV.文化融合（the Integration Model）：源语文化表达形式与译语表达形式融合，以一种新语言形式进入译语。卡拉OK CD机 GRE考试 X光片 打的 GDP增长速长城干红中“干”源于英语dry,表示 not sweetV.文化归化(the Adaptation Model)：源语表达形式略去,
4、代之以译语的形式，源语文化意义丧失。近朱者赤，近墨者黑 He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.练习一练习一练习一练习一 中国是一个有中国是一个有5656个民族的大国。不同的民族有不同的婚个民族的大国。不同的民族有不同的婚俗。但无论是哪个民族，结婚仪式都很复杂。俗。但无论是哪个民族，结婚仪式都很复杂。传统的中国婚礼仪式包括传统的中国婚礼仪式包括6 6个必备步骤，它们是：说媒、个必备步骤，它们是：说媒、定亲、聘礼、迎娶、拜堂（三鞠躬）、喝交杯酒等六步。此定亲、聘礼、迎娶、拜堂（三鞠躬）、喝交杯酒等六步。此外，如今一个标准的中国婚
5、礼会如下进行：在一对新人订婚外，如今一个标准的中国婚礼会如下进行：在一对新人订婚后，接下来就是挑选吉日成亲。后，接下来就是挑选吉日成亲。大部分人会挑选节假日或某个中国的传统节日大部分人会挑选节假日或某个中国的传统节日,为的是为的是亲戚朋友们能来参加婚礼。不过，有一些人，尤其是乡下人亲戚朋友们能来参加婚礼。不过，有一些人，尤其是乡下人很有可能请算命先生挑个结婚的吉日（通常是双日子），这很有可能请算命先生挑个结婚的吉日（通常是双日子），这样就是双喜临门了。样就是双喜临门了。婚礼庆典很隆重，最后是很奢华的婚宴。人们会举杯祝婚礼庆典很隆重，最后是很奢华的婚宴。人们会举杯祝愿新人愿新人“但愿人长久，千里
6、共婵娟但愿人长久，千里共婵娟”以及早生贵子等等以及早生贵子等等.中国是一个有56个民族的大国。不同的民族有不同的婚俗。但无论是哪个民族，结婚仪式都很复杂。China is a large country with 56 nationalities.Different nationalities have different marriage customs,but whatever the nationality is,the wedding ceremony is usually very complicated.传统的中国传统的中国婚礼仪式婚礼仪式包括包括6 6个个必备步骤必备步骤，它们是
7、：，它们是：说媒、定亲、聘礼、迎娶、拜堂（三鞠躬）、喝交说媒、定亲、聘礼、迎娶、拜堂（三鞠躬）、喝交杯酒等六步。杯酒等六步。此外，此外，如今一个标准的中国婚礼会如如今一个标准的中国婚礼会如下进行：在一对新人订婚后，接下来就是挑选吉日下进行：在一对新人订婚后，接下来就是挑选吉日成亲。成亲。The traditional Chinese marriage usually involves The traditional Chinese marriage usually involves 6 necessary procedures,namely:match-making,6 necessary p
8、rocedures,namely:match-making,engagement,betrothal presents,meeting the engagement,betrothal presents,meeting the bride,three bows,and drinking wedlock wine.In bride,three bows,and drinking wedlock wine.In addition,a typical Chinese wedding nowadays addition,a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes l
9、ike this:when a new couple is engaged,goes like this:when a new couple is engaged,what followed is a choice of the date of their what followed is a choice of the date of their marriage.marriage.大部分人会挑选节假日或某个中国的传统节日为的是亲戚朋友们能来参加婚礼。不过，有一些人，尤其是乡下人很有可能请算命先生挑个结婚的吉日（通常是双日子），这样就是双喜临门了。Most people would favo
10、r a bank holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends to attend the wedding.However,quite a few others,especially those in the countryside,would probably ask a fortune-teller for a lucky date(usually an even number)so that their marriage would have“Double Happiness”.婚礼庆典很隆重，最后
11、是很奢华的婚宴。人们会举杯祝愿新人“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。”以及早生贵子等等.The wedding ceremony is usually presided warmly,and the wedding ceremony very often ends with a very extravagant banquet.Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life,eternal love and happiness,early birth of a healthy baby and so on.练习二练习二 我们国家对于公款吃喝之风泛滥成灾
12、，并非视而不见、我们国家对于公款吃喝之风泛滥成灾，并非视而不见、听之任之，也曾三令五申严禁大吃大喝，提倡听之任之，也曾三令五申严禁大吃大喝，提倡“工作餐工作餐”，甚至一度明确规定，甚至一度明确规定“四菜一汤四菜一汤”。但非常遗憾，到如今，。但非常遗憾，到如今，那些规定几乎成了一纸空文，公款吃喝之风并未得到有效那些规定几乎成了一纸空文，公款吃喝之风并未得到有效控制！据报道，去年全国公款吃喝，已逾千亿之巨。控制！据报道，去年全国公款吃喝，已逾千亿之巨。原因之一，我们原因之一，我们“四菜一汤四菜一汤”之规定，乃之规定，乃“刚性刚性”不足，不足，“弹性弹性”有余有余盘有大小，碗有巨细；菜有好坏，汤有盘
13、有大小，碗有巨细；菜有好坏，汤有贵贱。小盘也是盘，贵贱。小盘也是盘，“磨盘磨盘”也算盘；小碗也是碗，也算盘；小碗也是碗，“巨巨盆盆”也算碗。土豆白菜也是菜，鸡鸭鱼肉也是菜，燕窝熊也算碗。土豆白菜也是菜，鸡鸭鱼肉也是菜，燕窝熊掌也是菜；萝卜汤也是汤，鸡蛋紫菜汤也是汤，甲鱼乌龟掌也是菜；萝卜汤也是汤，鸡蛋紫菜汤也是汤，甲鱼乌龟汤也是汤。真可谓，汤也是汤。真可谓，“四菜一汤四菜一汤”，由我配方。由我配方。我们国家对于公款吃喝之风泛滥成灾，并非视而不见、听之任我们国家对于公款吃喝之风泛滥成灾，并非视而不见、听之任之，也曾三令五申严禁大吃大喝，提倡之，也曾三令五申严禁大吃大喝，提倡“工作餐工作餐”，甚至
14、一度，甚至一度明确规定明确规定“四菜一汤四菜一汤”。但非常遗憾，到如今，那些规定几乎。但非常遗憾，到如今，那些规定几乎成了一纸空文，公款吃喝之风并未得到有效控制！成了一纸空文，公款吃喝之风并未得到有效控制！据报道，据报道，去年全国公款吃喝已逾千亿之巨。去年全国公款吃喝已逾千亿之巨。With regard to the rampant wining and dining by billing the With regard to the rampant wining and dining by billing the organization,it is not as if the Chines
15、e government has seen organization,it is not as if the Chinese government has seen it but paid no attention or taken a laissez-faire attitude it but paid no attention or taken a laissez-faire attitude towards it.With repeated injunctions,there have been towards it.With repeated injunctions,there hav
16、e been rules rules and regulationsand regulations strictly forbidding extravagant dining and strictly forbidding extravagant dining and even calling for working lunch with an express provision of even calling for working lunch with an express provision of“four dishes,one soup.”But unfortunately thes
17、e rules,up till“four dishes,one soup.”But unfortunately these rules,up till today,have become blank pieces of paper and the rage of today,have become blank pieces of paper and the rage of dining at public expense has not been effectively controlled.dining at public expense has not been effectively c
18、ontrolled.According to reports,last years national public dining According to reports,last years national public dining spending was over 100 billion RMB.spending was over 100 billion RMB.原因之一，我们原因之一，我们“四菜一汤四菜一汤”之规定，乃之规定，乃“刚性刚性”不足，不足，“弹性弹性”有余有余盘有大小，碗有巨细；菜有好坏，汤有贵贱。小盘也是盘，盘有大小，碗有巨细；菜有好坏，汤有贵贱。小盘也是盘，“磨盘磨
19、盘”也算盘；也算盘；小碗也是碗，小碗也是碗，“巨盆巨盆”也算碗。土豆白菜也是菜，鸡鸭鱼肉也是菜，燕窝熊也算碗。土豆白菜也是菜，鸡鸭鱼肉也是菜，燕窝熊掌也是菜；萝卜汤也是汤，鸡蛋紫菜汤也是汤，甲鱼乌龟汤也是汤。真可谓，掌也是菜；萝卜汤也是汤，鸡蛋紫菜汤也是汤，甲鱼乌龟汤也是汤。真可谓，“四菜一汤四菜一汤”，由我配方。由我配方。How did it get this way?One reason is that the“four dishes,one soup”rule How did it get this way?One reason is that the“four dishes,one s
20、oup”rule is set with too much flexibility rather than due strictness-there are plates big is set with too much flexibility rather than due strictness-there are plates big or small,bowls huge or tiny,food bad or good and soup expensive or cheap.or small,bowls huge or tiny,food bad or good and soup ex
21、pensive or cheap.A plate,big or small,is a plate,and a tureen is also a plate.So are bowls.A plate,big or small,is a plate,and a tureen is also a plate.So are bowls.(A bowl,whatever the size,is a bowl and even a basin can serve as a bowl.)(A bowl,whatever the size,is a bowl and even a basin can serv
22、e as a bowl.)Potato and cabbage is a dish,chicken,duck,fish and beef are also dishes,Potato and cabbage is a dish,chicken,duck,fish and beef are also dishes,as is a bird nest and a bears paw;radish soup is soup,egg and laver is as is a bird nest and a bears paw;radish soup is soup,egg and laver is soup,but tortoise and soft-shelled turtle soup is too.So it can be said that soup,but tortoise and soft-shelled turtle soup is too.So it can be said that “four dishes,one soup”is whatever I want it to be.”“four dishes,one soup”is whatever I want it to be.”