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1、第一讲 汉英词汇比较与翻译Schedule for the SemesterSemantic translation(7 Chapters)Syntactic translation(4 Chapters)Textual translation(3 Chapters)Plus Review and PracticeFinal Score=practice 20%+midterm 20%+finalterm 60%选择词义根据：词典；语境；搭配；逻辑语境man and wife;officers and menhis man Fridayman-of-warBe a man!例1“好”的译法好的
2、开始是成功的一半。Well begun,half done.邻居对她都很好。Her neighbors are all very kind to her.这我们好解决。The problem can be easily solved.今天下午好几个人找你。Quite a few people came in looking for you this afternoon.你留个电话，有事好跟你商量。Give me your telephone number so that I can contact you when necessary.例2：“轻巧”的译法这摩托车很轻巧。The motorcy
3、cle is light and handy.她动作很轻巧。She is nimble in movement.你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。You talk as if it were just a walkover.Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy,too?例3：“考察”的译法中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。In his lifetime,Xu Xiake,a great traveler in Chinas Ming Dynasty,toured 16 prov
4、inces,leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country.为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘船、坐车。In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the places he visited,he usually travelled on foot even when carriages and boats were available.他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人迹罕至的森林进行考察。He always preferred to venture into moun
5、tainous areas with rough tracks,and into forests seldom visited by human beings.例4：“意思”甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？甲：唉，只是意思意思。乙：啊，真是不好意思。A:This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation.Please do take it.B:Oh,arent you a bit too polite?You should not do that.A:Well,it just conveys my gra
6、titude.B:Ah,thank you then,though I really do not deserve it.搭配You shall know a word by the company it keeps.By Firth.正式会议formal meeting正式声明official statement正式成员the full member of the delegation化经济法制化:manage economic affairs within a framework经济全球化:economic globalization社会知识化:build a knowledge-driv
7、en society国际关系民主化:the practice of democracy in international relations国民经济信息化:build an information-based national economy科研成果产业化:apply scientific research results to industrial production逻辑：约定俗成胆小如鼠:as timid as a rat/rabbit落汤鸡:a drowned rat/chicken养虎为患:to cherish a snake/tiger in ones bosom瓮中捉鳖:like
8、 a rat in the hole如鱼得水:like a duck/fish to water愚蠢如猪:as stupid as a goose/pig犟得像头牛:as stubborn as a donkey/ox练习a good Christiana good parenta good childa good wifea good tootha good reasona good incomea good tablea good persona good heartgood manners选择练习1他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。He had a scratch yesterday
9、and now has gone to change medicine in the hospital.He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressing in the hospital.2佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲聪明能干，却也舒服。The life of a tenant farmers family was of course hard,but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman.T
10、he life of a tenant farmers family was of course hard,but it was somehow comfortable because mother was a clever and able woman.3富华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。You will be enchanted by the unique European amorous feelings of Fuhua furniture.You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture.4我那新郎
11、官啊！那个死东西！他就是死也不肯进洞房。My betrothed!Damn him,he simply refused to come into the bridal chamber!My betrothed!Damn him,he simply refused to come into the room!翻译下列词语一窝蜜蜂一窝小鸡一窝幼犬一群美女一群猎狗一群羚羊一群鸭A swarm of beesA brood of chickensA litter of pupsA bevy of beautiful ladiesA pack of houndsA herd of antelopesA
12、team of ducks积极支持:unfailing support积极的财政政策:proactive fiscal policy积极利用国外资源:make effective use of overseas resources基本工资:basic wage基本建设:capital construction基本物质:essential commodity 基本工业:primary industry基本利益:fundamental interest翻译下列句子两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral
13、relations and issues of common concern.党员应该虚心倾听群众意见。Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.大家对这一做法很有意见。Everyone complained against such a practice.他们在会上闹起了意见。They had a dispute at the meeti
14、ng.你应该听从医生的意见。You should follow the doctors advice.他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。They reached a consensus on this issue.还有些未完成的事要处理。There is still some unfinished business to settle.我们就这件事请教过他。We have consulted him about the matter.请回去吧，这里没你的事了。Please go back.There is nothing of your concern now.翻译中的选词The largest
15、quantity of translation in a text is done at the level of the word.By Peter Newmark.1.根据语义范围选词2.从近义词中选词3.根据搭配选词4.根据褒贬选词总之，几年的实践表明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是对了。Of course,our achievements in the last few years have proved the correctness of our policies of reform and opening to the outside world.中国应该用时间向世界表明，中国反对霸权
16、主义、强权政治，永不称霸。China should show the world through its actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony.这是中国从几十年建设中得出的经验。That is what we have learnt from decades of development.Words are seldom exactly synonymous.By Samuel Johnson生气发怒:angry,irate,indignant,wrat
17、hful,enraged,infuriated,incensed打破：break,crack,crush,demolish,destroy,shatter,smashEmpty:house,room,cup,box,stomach,head,words,Vacant:position,room,house,seatHollow:tree,voice,sound,cheeksBlank:look,mind,page,check汉译英时，要注意动词和宾语的搭配进行社会主义革命：to carry out socialist revolution进行一场激烈的争论:to carry on a spir
18、ited debate进行实地调查:to make an on-the-spot investigation进行亲切的谈话:to have a cordial conversation进行侵略:to commit aggression进行协商:to hold consultation with进行核试验:to conduct a nuclear test褒贬著名的famous,notorious政治家statesman,politician宣传publicity,propagandaTo expire逝世To pass away与世长辞To close/end ones day寿终To bre
19、athe ones last断气To go west归西天To pay the debt of nature了结尘缘To depart to the world of shadows命归黄泉To give up the ghost见阎王To kick the bucket翘辫子To kick up ones heels蹬腿他们讲索取，我们讲奉献They preach taking from others,whereas we advocate giving to others.她追求的是真理，而他追求的是荣华富贵What she seeks is truth,and what he hanke
20、rs after is nothing but high position and great wealth.在整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败。During the entire process of reform and opening,we must persistently oppose corruption.其实中年人是人生盛华的开始，不应贪婪，不应享受。In actual fact,middle age represents the prime of ones life,allowing no indolence,no self-indulgence.practice那要看情况如何。
21、这种情况必须改变。他们的情况怎么样？他把全部的书籍都献给了图书馆。教师应当献身于教育事业。严格训练，严格要求。That depends upon circumstances.This state of affairs must be changed.How do matters stand with them?He presents all his books to the library.A teacher should devote himself to the cause of education.Go in for rigorous training and set strict de
22、mand.成语翻译的多样性安居乐业是老百姓的共同愿望。It is the common desire of the people to live in peace and contentment.希望我全体人民，一律安居乐业，切勿轻信谣言，自相惊扰。It is hoped that the people throughout the country will live and work in peace and will not give credence to rumors or raise false alarm.德才兼备Have both practical efficiency and
23、 moral excellenceHave both intellect and characterTo both well-trained to do things and well disposed to do goodBe both gifted and righteous-mindedBe both talented and high-mindedBe a man of ability and probityTo noted for ones scientific turn of mind and nobility of soulpractice我说你“得陇望蜀”呢。The more
24、you get,the more you want.得陇望蜀，人之常情。Its only natural for man to hanker for more.他们两个鬼鬼祟祟的，不知道在说些什么。Goodness knows what theyre being so secretive about.这两天她经常往这里跑，鬼鬼祟祟的，不知干些什么事。Shes been creeping in here the last couple of days in a very sneaky way.Goodness knows what shes up to.谁告诉你们了？你们这样大惊小怪的。Who told you to make such a fuss over nothing?还是随便一点吧，不必大惊小怪的。Anything will do;dont fuss.奶奶病着呢，别大惊小怪的Our grandma is ill;dont kick up such a shindy.大家听了，说：我当是谁呢，这样大惊小怪的，没必要吧。When others heard this they commented,“we thought it was someone who mattered,but this isnt worth making such a fuss about.”