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1、Unit 1I词汇及结构1. would rather do sth情愿做.would rather sb did sth情愿sb做 情愿做.而不乐意做： would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth= prefer to do sth rather than do sth= prefer doing sth to doing sth2.faith n. 信任,信仰 keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信have faith in 相信, 信任 in good faith 诚实地；诚恳地 faithf
2、ul adj. 忠诚的，可靠的3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short textso+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that)so many/few +n (复数) (+ that)so much/little (不可数) (+that)such+adj.+n.(不可数)/ n (复数) 4.consequently adv. 所以，因此Mr Foster has never been to
3、 China. Consequently, he knows very little about it.福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的consequence n. 结果as a consequence/result of = because of5 .aim 1）n. (C) 目的 without aim 无目的的/ 无目的的achieve ones aimmiss ones aim 打不中目的(U) 对准, 瞄准 take aim at2）v. (以枪等) 对准,瞄准 aim ataimless a. 无目的的，无目的的
4、打算,计划, 以为目的, 立志做aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准, 力求做到,力争达成6.typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的(representative)typical example 典型事例adj. evident明白的, 明显的(apparent) n. evidence 证据;证明It is evident (obvious) (to sb) that .7.realistic 现实主义的,逼真的,现实的 realism现实主义idealism realist现实主义 terrorism 恐怖主义 terrorist 恐怖分子 Sociali
5、sm Socialist real adj. 真的 realize v. 实现 8 adopt vt. 1).采用;采纳;吸取After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. 再三考虑之后,我决定采纳她的建议。2).过继,收养(+as)Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。adopted adj. 被收养的，被采用的 adopted child11.possess 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。有多种不同的含义：1）“有
6、，拥有”。如：The library possesses a number of the artists early works. 图书馆里藏有那位画家的一些初期作品。2）“具有的特质”。常见搭配有 be possessed of sth，意为“具有某种品质或特性”。如：Im afraid he doesnt possess a sense of humor. 恐怕他没有什么风趣感。He is possessed of great natural ability. 他很有天赋。3）“支配，控制”。如：He was possessed by the desire to be rich.n. po
7、ssession 【c】财产，所有物（常用复数）The ring is one of her most valuable possessions. 这只戒指是他最珍贵的财产之一。personal possessions个人财产He lost all his possessions in the fire.【u】占有，拥有take possession of 占领，夺取come into possession of 占有in possession of (表积极）占有in the possession of （表被动） 被占有He is in of the house. 他拥有这套房子。The
8、house is in the of him. 这套房子在他的占有之下。9.convinceconvince sb. to do sth=convince sb of sth.说服某人做 Convince sb that使某人确信某事convince vt. “使确信；使信服”convince sb. of sth. / that . by coincidence 恰巧, 由于巧合what a coincidence！多么凑巧的事情啊！What a coincidence to meet you here. 真巧在这儿碰到你。10.a great/ good deal 大量; 大量 Ever
9、since the reform and opening, China has changed a great deal. (adv.修饰v.)A great deal has been studied and this is considered the best way to solve the difficult problem.(n.)He ran a great deal faster than me.(修饰比较级)a great/good deal of为adj，修饰UA great deal of money was spent on the project. 那个项目花费了大量
10、金钱。1）修饰可数名词：many a few a good/great many A great many buildings have been built along the street.a large/ big/ great/ / small number ofMany a +单数名词More than one +单数名词2）修饰不可数名词：much a good/great deal ofa large amount of (谓语动词用单数)large amounts of (谓语动词用复数)3）修饰可数和不可数名词a lot of/lots of plenty ofa large
11、quantity of (谓语动词用单数)large quantities of (谓语动词用复数)10.attempt v.尝试，企图v.企图，试图；努力试图，尝试：努力去执行，做或完毕attempt doing反复尝试做attempt to do企图做n. 企图或努力 袭击；袭击make an attempt to do sth at doing sth ones first attempt 初次尝试18.On the other hand另一方面，相称于一个副词。常与on one hand连用。On one handon the other hand一方面另一方面At hand在手边，在
12、附近By hand用手的，手工的Go hand in hand with与共同行动19.Predict1)v.预言，预测 后面加名词做宾语或接that从句/wh-从句。2) n. Prediction 预言，预测Her prediction turned out to be correct.她的预言证明是对的的。20.Specific明确的，详尽的，具体的，特有的This kind of disease is specific to houses.这种病只有马才会得。21.figure1) 外形;体形;人影I saw a figure in the darkness. 2) 体态;风姿She
13、has a slender figure.3)人物;名人He has become a figure known to everyone.4) 数字Where did you get those figures? 22.delicate delicate china.精美的瓷器23.1)aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的2)aggressively adv. 气势汹汹地 3)aggression n.侵略（行动）aggressor n. 侵略者24.In the flesh活生生，本人，亲自Flesh n.肌肉； 肉25.preference - prefe
14、r1)更加的爱慕,偏爱UC(+for)2)偏爱的事物(或人)C3)偏袒U(+for)4)优先(权);优惠权UC in preference to 优先于Have a preference for偏爱in preference to 优先于26.Appealvi. 1)呼吁,恳求 appeal to sb for sth.He appealed to me for help.2)诉诸,求助(+to)We will appeal to a variety of sources of information.3)有吸引力,迎合爱好W(+to)The idea appealed to Mary.4)【
15、律】上诉(+to/against)He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.27.fragile adj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的； Reputation n.名誉,名声(+for)好名声,声望;信誉live up to ones reputation 不负盛名lose ones reputation 失去盛名；win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉28.、The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. 博物馆展示的不仅
16、仅是视觉上的乐趣。 more than名词意为“不仅仅”，more than just相称于not only, not just的意思。如：1) more than+数词，意为“超过”相称于over，其反义词组为less than。如There are more than two hundred people in the park. 公园里有200多人。2)“more than形容词/副词”是“很”或“非常”的意思。如：I am more than content with what you said. 我对你的发言十分满意。She was dressed more than simply.
17、 她穿着太朴素了。3) 在“more . than .”结构中，肯定“more”后面的内容而否认“than”后面的部分，常译为“是 而不是” 或 “与其说不如说” 。如：Unit 2词汇和结构：1.convey v. 传达；运送convey .to. 把运到convey .to sb. 向某人传达/表达(思想、感情等)convey ones feelings 表达感情2 transform v. 转化；转换；改造；变换transform.into 把某人/物改变成transform .from 从中转变、转化3. appropriate adj. 适当的；合法的Match the beginn
18、ing of each sentence with the _ending.Your clothes are hardly appropriate for a job interview.你的服装不太适合求职面试时穿。It is appropriate that he (should) make an apology to us.他向我们道歉是合适的。The house is not really suitable for a large family.这所房子的确不适合大家庭居住。be appropriate to/for. 对适合；适宜It is appropriate/proper th
19、at. (should) do. 是合适的be suitable for/to. 适合的；适宜的be fit for. 适合；胜任注意appropriate指适合于特殊的人及场合、地位等；suitable指适合某种情况或安排；fit指大小适合或胜任某职位；appropriate 等于very proper。4. exchange n/v. 互换；交流；调换；兑换exchange sth. for sth. 拿互换exchange sth. with sb. 与某人互换某物exchange money 兑换钱币in exchange for. 互换；调换do an exchange 作一下互换c
20、ultural exchange 文化交流5sponsor n. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者 v. 发起；举办；倡议；赞助sponsor a plan 倡议计划become ones sponsor 成为某人的赞助人/担保人6. load n. 承担；负荷物v. 装载；给负荷take a load off ones mind 使卸下心上重负；使某人如释重负have a load on ones mind 放心不下loads of a load of 许多7. take it/things easy 轻松；不紧张；从容take ones time 别着急，慢慢来take sb./sth. serio
21、usly 认真对待某人/事take.for granted 对想当然，认为理所当然8. run out of 用完，用尽run out 用完，耗尽give out(物)用完，耗尽；(人)筋疲力尽；发出；分发；宣布use up 用完；用光run outgive out是不及物短语，通常以物作主语；run out of use up是及物短语，多以人作主语9. make up of 构成，组成(用于被动)be made out of 由制成；用改造而成make up 组成；编造；化妆make up for 填补be made of/from 由制成be made into 把制成be made i
22、n(某物)产于某地make it 获得成功；准时到达make out 看清；分清；辨认清楚make the bed 整理床铺10. try out 测试；实验try out for. 参与竞争 try on 试穿try ones best 尽力try ones luck 试试运气try ones skill/strength 考验自己的技术/体力let out 发出；放走；泄露；加宽；加大衣服let in 让进来；放进let down 放下；使失望let off 开(枪)；放(烟火)；释放；让某人下车【对比】下列句型The reason why.is/was that.(的因素是)句型中，一般
23、用that引导表语从句，而不用because。Unit 3词汇：1.abuse n/v. 滥用；虐待abuse of power 滥用权力personal abuse 人身袭击2. stress n. 压力；重音 v. 加压力于；使紧张stress the importance of 强调的重要性 3. ban v. 严禁；取缔 n. 禁令be banned from doing sth. 被严禁做某事there be a ban on. 严禁；禁令4. quit v. 停止(做某事)；离开quit doing sth. 停止做某事quit office/ones job 离职5. effec
24、t n. 结果；效力have a good/bad effect on 对有好/坏的影响be of no effect 没效果；无用take effect(法律)生效；(药)奏效bring/put .into effect 实行come/go into effect 生效in effect 事实上；在实行；生效side effect 副作用6. desperate adj. 不顾一切的；绝望的be desperate for 极需要；极向往be desperate to do sth. 非常想做某事 7. disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的be disappointed abo
25、ut/at/in. 对感到失望be disappointed to do 做某事失望to ones disappointment 令人失望的是8 ashamed adj. 感到惭愧；羞耻的feel/be ashamed of 对感到惭愧be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事Its a shame that. 遗憾What a shame that. 多么遗憾9.due to由于be due to do sth. 预期做某事注意due to表达因素时只用来作状语或表语，不置于句首。10. be/become addicted to 对有瘾 addict oneself to 沉迷
26、于；醉心于11. be/get/become accustomed to 习惯于accustom sb./ oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事12. decide on 对作出决定；选定decide what/when/how to do. 决定什么/何时/如何做decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事make a decision 作出决定make up ones mind (to do) 决心(做某事)13. feel like (doin
27、g) 想要(做)；感觉自己像 feel sorry for 为感到伤心、遗憾feel at home 感到自在；不拘束feel ones way 摸索着前进14. in spite of 不顾；不管despitein spite of 尽管(后接名词、代词)despite/in spite of the fact. 尽管，不管(同位语从句)regardless of. 不管，不顾15.take/run a risk/ risks 冒险at risk处境危险；遭受危险at the risk of 冒的危险risk doing sth. 冒险做某事16. get into 陷入；染上(习惯)；开始
28、对感爱好get into trouble 陷入困境get into the habit of 染上的习惯get into panic 陷入恐慌get (sth.) across (to sb.) (使某事)为人理解get along/on with 进展；相处get over 克服get through 接通；完毕Unit 4词汇：1. phenomenon n. pl phenomena 现象2. glance vi. look quickly at (sb./sth.) n. a quick look glance at = take a glance at 急忙一看；扫视 stare a
29、t 盯着看；凝视 glare at 瞪着眼看；怒目而视；怒视3. decrease vt.&vi. become smaller or fewer;diminish;reduce decrease/reduceto/by减小，减少到（了）；反义increase4. exist vi. 存在 existence n.存在 生存 came into existence产生5. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. for/to sb.提供/供应某物给某人 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. offer sb. s
30、th. = offer sth. to sb.6. compareto把比作 comparewith把和比较 compared with/to与相比（在句中常作状语）7. come about发生come across偶尔碰到come out出版，（花）开8. build up 树立，逐步建立；增长；增进（健康）；集结build up ones health增进健康 build up a good reputation/fame树立良好的声誉；Traffic is building up.车辆在增多9. keep on sth/doing sth 继续/坚持做某事 表动作的反复，有停顿keep
31、 doing sth一直不断地做某事 表动作的连续，无停顿.keep .from. stop. (from). prevent(from).10. on the whole = in the main =in the abstract大体上，基本上，总的来说On the whole, I am in favor of the idea.11. make a difference有关系，有影响，有重要性 make some/no/any/not much/a great deal of difference（to）颇有/没有/有些/没有多大/有很大影响（关系）12. make sense (of
32、)有道理；故意义；讲得通；明白；是明智的13. put up with = stand = bear = stand for忍受， 容忍14. up to as many as 多达;up till直到;胜任;正在干,从事着 15.consume v.- consumer(n.).16.as as one can = as as possibleas many as 多达as long as 长达,只要as far as远至,就而论as well as 和同样好,也,和as early as 早在19Without the green house effect，the earth would
33、be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.假如没有温室效应，地球会比现在冷33这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句 =If there were no “green house effect”, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.But for electricity (= If there were no electricity)，there would be no modem industry 要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。2
34、0. quantitya large quantity of/large quantities of之后接可数或不可数名词。注意:a large quantity of作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。large quantities of作主语，谓语动词都用复数Quantities of food were on the table.Huge quantities of CO2 are added to the atmosphere.Unit 51. appoint v. 任命；委派；约定；指定appoint sb. to be/as. 任命/指派某人成为be appointed as/ to b
35、e. 被任命/指派为appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事make an appointment (with) 与约会2.match，fit，suitmatch用作及物或不及物动词，表品质、颜色、设计等方面匹配，即表达“与相配，和一致”；fit既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，多指衣物等尺寸大小“合适，合身”；suit表达“适合”，强调衣服的颜色、式样、质地等适合某人，也指“合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位”等。3. unconscious adj. 失去知觉的；未察觉的be unconscious of 未觉察到；未意识到fall/become unconscious
36、 失去意识；不省人事be conscious of 意识到be conscious that. 意识到；觉察到4. anxious adj. 忧虑的；不安的be anxious about 紧张；焦急be anxious to do sth. 急切干某事；渴望做某事be anxious for 盼望；渴望5. panic v/n. 惊恐；恐慌get into a panic 惊恐失措in panic 惊恐地注意panic 的过去式和过去分词都是panicked；现在分词是panicking。 6.guarantee v. 保证；担保guarantee to do 保证做；担保做be guara
37、nteed to do sth. 肯定做某事be under guarantee 在保修期内7. make ones way 前往；向前；慢慢成功feel ones way 摸索着前进fight/push ones way 推/挤着前进wind ones way 蜿蜒前进force ones way out/in 挤出去/进来lose ones way 迷路keep ones way 一直前进make way for 给让路8.vary from.to 由到不等The height of the land 700 meters above sea level over 2,000 a variety ofvarieties of 种种的；各种各样的注意variety n变化；多样性；varied adj. 种种的；多姿多彩的；various adj. 种种的(接复数名词或作表语)。