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1、 1 选修六知识点总结 Unit 1 I 词汇及结构 1.would rather do sth 情愿做.would rather sb did sth 情愿 sb 做 情愿做.而不愿意做：would rather do sth than do sth=would do sth rather than do sth=prefer to do sth rather than do sth=prefer doing sth to doing sth I would rather you hadnt told me about it yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没有告诉我关于它。2.faith
2、n.信任,信仰 be faithful to sb 忠实于某人 keep faith with 忠于信仰;守信 have faith in 相信,信任 3.As there are so many different styles of Western art,it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数)(+that)so many/few+n(复数)(+that)so much/little(不可数)(+that)such+adj.+n.(不可数)/n(复数)eg
3、.1)The book is _interesting that I want to read it again.2)It was _a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.3)It was _cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.4)There are _many mistakes in your composition that I cant understand it.5)He has made _rapid pro
4、gress that he got the first in the exam.6)_that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.（07 陕西）A.So successful her business was B.So successful was her business C.So her business was successful D.So was her successful business 4.consequently adv.所以，因此 consequent adj.作为结果的,随之发生的 as a conseque
5、nce/result=in consequence=so as a consequence/result of=because of 5.aim without aim 无目的的/无目标的（take）aim at 瞄准，对准 sb/sths aim is to do 的目标是.aim at doing=aim to do 瞄准,力求做到,力争达到 6.typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；后接 of 7.evident 明白的,明显的(apparent)be evident to sb.对某人来说很明显 be evident in sth 在某方面很明显 8.adopt 采用，收养 a
6、dapt 改编，使适应 9.possess 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。be possessed of sth 具有、拥有 2 be possessed by 由支配、控制 in possession of sth (表主动）占有 in the possession of sb（表被动）被某人占有 10.a great/good deal 大量;大量 后可接形容词比较级 a great/good deal of 后接不可数名词 1）修饰可数名词：many a few a good/great many A great many buildings have been built along t
7、he street.a large/big/great/small number of Many a+单数名词 More than one+单数名词 2）修饰不可数名词：much a good/great deal of a large amount of(谓语动词用单数)large amounts of(谓语动词用复数)3）修饰可数和不可数名词 a lot of/lots of plenty of a large quantity of(谓语动词用单数)large quantities of(谓语动词用复数)练习：1._ the students in our school go to co
8、llege in their teens.A good many B.A great many of C.A great deal of D.A lot of 2.He is _ better now.Dont worry about him.A.more B.a great deal of C.a number of D.a great deal 11.attempt 尝试，企图，努力 attempt doing 反复尝试做 attempt to do 企图做 attempt to do/doing=try to do/doing make an attempt to do sth/at d
9、oing sth at ones attempt 在 sb 尝试下 12.on(the)one hand on the other hand一方面另一方面 13.be specific to 特有的，独特的 14.in the flesh 活生生，本人，亲自 15.preference -prefer by preference.首先,最好 in preference to 优先于 have a preference for 偏爱 16.appeal to 有吸引力，使感兴趣 appeal to sb for sth.呼吁,恳求 3 17.reputation n.名誉,名声 live up
10、to one s reputation 不负盛名 lose ones reputation 失去盛名；win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉 句型：1.序数词 the first/the second/the last(sb.)to do 是一种常见结构，表示“最早、第二、最后做某事的人”，其中的不定式作后置定语；如果主语和不定式之间有被动关系，不定式应使用被动结构 to be done。My monitor is always the first to come to school and the last to leave.我的班长总是第一个到校、最后一个离开。To t
11、ell the truth,he was the last person to be met with by the manager.说实话，他是最后一个被经理接见的人。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。2.It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/shocking that.是一种常见句型，表示“令人吃惊、震惊、惊讶等”，其中 it 是形式主语，that 引导名词性从句作句子的真正主语。这种句型可以用 to ones ama
12、zement/surprise/astonishment/shock 这些短语作状语来改写。It is surprising that children who are seven years old dont know how to brush ones teeth.令人吃惊的是，七岁的孩子还不知道怎么刷牙 To our shock,the terrorist explosion caused over one hundred deaths.令我们震惊的是，这次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。语法：虚拟语气 1.虚拟语气用于条件句、其它句型中 与现在事实相反时从句用过去时(did/were)，主
13、句用 would/should/could/might动词原形 How nice it _ if I _ a sister like you!Awas;had Bwould be;had had Cwould have been;had Dwould be;had【解析】题干表达与现在事实相反的内容，根据规则选 D 项 2.与过去事实相反时从句用过去完成时(had done)，主句用 would/should/could/might have done Were you in time for the lecture?If I _ told earlier,I would have.Ahad
14、been Bwas Cwere to be Dshould be 选 A。由问句看出与过去事实相反，因而从句中使用过去完成时。3.与将来事实相反时，从句中可用三种形式，即动词的过去式/should 动词原形/were to动词原形。This printer is of good quality.If it _ break down within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.Awould Bshould Ccould Dmight 分析：后一句实际上使用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中使用 should 表示“假如；万一”_
15、 fired,your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.AWould you be BShould you be C Could you be DMight you be 4【解析】前一分句实际上使用的是虚拟语气，与将来事实相反从句中使用 If you should be fired，可以省略 if 而把 should 提前到主语之前。4.虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句：条件句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自不同的时间选择适当的动词形式。5.虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句：句中没有条件从句
16、，其内容暗含在短语或上下文中。But for the help of my English teacher,I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition.Awould not win Bwould not have won Cwould win Dwould have won but for(要不是)引导的短语在句中作状语时，句子的谓语部分常用虚拟语气；此处表示与过去事实相反，因而使用“would 6.wish 后的宾语从句中：与现在事实相反时用 were 或动词的一般过去时；与过去事实相反时用 had过去分词；与将来事实相反时用 w
17、ould/could/might 动词原形。How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!Ahas Bhad Cwill have Dhad had 7.在 suggest，order，insist，demand，require，desire，command，request，recommend等表示建议、命令、要求、愿望的词后面的宾语从句中；在与 suggestion，order，request，advice，demand等 有 关 的 表 语 从 句、同 位 语 从 句 中；以 及 在It be suggest
18、ed/ordered/requested/insisted/desired/required that.句型中用“(should)动词原形”。The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt recommend 表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句中的谓语用“should 动词原形”，should 可省略。.His suggestion is that the harvest _ in before the rainy season comes.Ag
19、et Bshould get Cbe got Dwill be got suggestion 之后的 that 从句是表语从句，其中谓语用“should动词原形”，should 省略。8.在 Its(high)time that.句型中，谓语动词用过去时或 should 动词原形(should 不能省略)，表示“早就该”Its no use envying others their success.Its time that you _ hard.Amust work Bwere to work C work Dworked Its time that.句型中使用动词的一般过去时 9.as i
20、f/as though(好像，似乎)之后的方式状语从句中；if only 句型表示“要是多好啊”中，与现在事实相反时动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时用 had过去分词；与将来事实相反时用 should/would/could/might 动词原形。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.Abreaks Bhas broken Cwere broken Dhad been broken Unit 2 词汇和结构：1.convey v.传达；运送 convey.to.把运到 convey.to sb.向某人传
21、达/表达(思想、感情等)convey ones feelings 表达感情 2 transform v.转化；转换；改造；变换 transform.into 把某人/物改变成 5 transform.from 从中转变、转化 3.appropriate adj.适当的；正当的 be appropriate to/for.对适合；适宜 It is appropriate/proper that.(should)do.是合适的 be suitable for/to.适合的；适宜的 be fit for.适合；胜任 注意 appropriate指适合于特殊的人及场合、地位等；suitable 指适合
22、某种情况或安排；fit指大小适合或胜任某职位；appropriate 等于 very proper。4.exchange n/v.交换；交流；调换；兑换 exchange sth.for sth.拿交换 exchange sth.with sb.与某人交换某物 in exchange for.交换；调换 5sponsor n.赞助人；主办者；倡议者 v.发起；举办；倡议；赞助 6.take it/things easy 轻松；不紧张；从容 take ones time 别着急，慢慢来 take sb./sth.seriously 认真对待某人/事 take.for granted 对想当然，认
23、为理所当然 7.run out of 用完，用尽 （人作主语，不用于被动）run out 被用完，耗尽（物作主语）give out(物)用完，耗尽；(人)筋疲力尽；use up 用完；用光,（可以用于被动）8.be made up of 由构成，组成 make up 组成；编造；化妆 make up for 弥补 9.try out 测试；试验 let out 发出；放走；泄露；加宽；加大衣服 句型 1.This is why.这就是的原因。(强调结果)This is because.这是因为。(强调原因)The reason why.is/was that.(的原因是)一般用 that 引导
24、表语从句，而不用because。单项填空(1)He didnt go by bike with me.Thats _ there was something wrong with his bike.Abecause Bwhy Chow Dwhen A 2.with 的 复合结构(见全程设计 P22)语法：it 用法与强调句 1.用作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或各种从句所表示的真正主语。_ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.AThis BThat CWhat DIt 【解析】it 代替后面的名词短语 the way.作形式主语。6 2
25、.作形式宾语，代指不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语 He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.Athis Bthat Cit Dthese 【解析】it代替后面的 when and where从句作形式宾语。The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.Athat Bit Cthis Dhim 【解析】it代替后面的不定式作形式宾语。3.表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词，后面接 it，然后
26、再跟从句，it代指从句所表达的内容。此类动词有 hate，dislike，enjoy，appreciate等。Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.Athat Bit Cthis Dyou 【解析】it代指后面的 if 从句所表达的内容。4.it用来指代上文提到的事物、情况等 Being a parent is not always easy,and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _ extr
27、a stress.Ait Bthem Cone Dhim【解析】it代指 being the parent of a child with special needs这一意义。5.强调句的基本句型：It is/was 被强调部分that 从句。被强调部分是人时可用who/whom代替 that，强调时间、地点、原因状语时，通常只使用 that，而不使用 when，where，why。被强调的部分一般是主语、宾语、各种状语。It was along the Mississippi River_ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.Ahow Bwhich
28、Cthat Dwhere【解析】分析句子结构看出，题干使用的是强调句型，因而使用连词 that。6.强调句的复杂结构形式：强调句用于 not.until 结构：It is/was not until.that 其他部分。强调句用于一般疑问句：Is/Was 被强调部分that 其他部分。强调句用于特殊疑问句：被强调的通常是疑问代词或疑问副词，其强调结构是：疑问词(被强调部分)is/was it that 其他部分？It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site.Athat Bwhen Cwhile Das【解析】句中强调了时间状语 n
29、ot until，连词使用 that。7.判断是否是强调句是，可把 It is/was that 去掉，剩余部分在不增减任何词的情况下还是一个完整的句子，那么这种句子是强调句。It was in the street that I met her father.In the street I met her father.It was because she was ill that they didnt ask her to do the job.Because she was ill,they didnt ask her to do the job.Unit 3 词汇：1.abuse n/
30、v.滥用；虐待 drug abuse 吸毒 be badly abused 被虐待 7 abuse of power 滥用权力 2.stress n.压力；重音 v.加压力于；使紧张 lay/put/place stress on 把重点放在上；强调 under the stress of 为所迫 stress the importance of 强调的重要性 单项填空 Things can easily go wrong when people are under _.Astress Bweight Cload Dstrength 3.ban v.禁止；取缔 n.禁令 be banned f
31、rom doing sth.被禁止做某事 there be a ban on.禁止；禁令 4.quit v.停止(做某事)；离开 quit doing sth.停止做某事 quit office/ones job 离职 quit oneself of sth.be quit of sth.摆脱某事 单项填空 He decided to _ the position after quarreling with the manager.Astop Bblock Cloosen Dquit 5.effect n.结果；效力 have a good/bad effect on 对有好/坏的影响 be
32、of no effect 没效果；无用 take effect(法律)生效；(药)奏效 bring/put.into effect 实施 come/go into effect 生效 in effect 事实上；在实施；生效 side effect 副作用 6.desperate adj.不顾一切的；绝望的 be desperate for 极需要；极向往 be desperate to do sth.非常想做某事 do sth.desperately 拼命地做某事 in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地；拼命地 7.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的 be disap
33、pointed about/at/in.对感到失望 be disappointed to do 做某事失望 be disappointed that.感到失望 be disappointing 令人失望的 disappoint sb.使某人失望 to ones disappointment 令人失望的是 8 ashamed adj.感到惭愧；羞耻的 be ashamed that.对感到羞耻；感到羞愧的是 feel/be ashamed of 对感到惭愧 feel/be ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth.耻于做某事 be ashamed o
34、f oneself 为自己感到惭愧 8 Its a shame that.遗憾 What a shame that.多么遗憾 9.due to 由于 (不置于句首)be due to do sth.预期做某事 be due for sth.应有；得到 be due to(doing)sth./sb.归因于(做)某事/某人 10.be/become addicted to 对有瘾。后接 doing addict oneself to 沉迷于；醉心于 addiction to.对上瘾；习惯于 a video game addict 游戏迷 11.be/get/become accustomed t
35、o 习惯于 accustom sb./oneself to(doing)sth.使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事 be/get/become used to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事 12.feel like(doing)想要(做)；感觉自己像 would like to do 想要做 13.in spite of 不顾；不管 despitein spite of 尽管(后接名词、代词)regardless of.不管，不顾 注意 despite 和 in spite of 是介词；而 although 和 though 是连词，引导从句。_ C _，she came to schoo
36、l to attend the important lecture.AThough being ill BAlthough illness C In spite of illness DDespite he was ill 14.take/run a risk/risks 冒险 at risk 处境危险；遭受危险 at the risk of 冒的危险 at ones own risk 自担风险 at all risks 无论冒什么危险 run/take the risk of 冒的危险 risk doing sth.冒险做某事 15.get into 陷入；染上(习惯)；开始对感兴趣 get
37、 into trouble 陷入困境 get into the habit of 染上的习惯 get into panic 陷入恐慌 get along/on with 进展；相处 get over 克服 get through 接通；完成 get in 收割；募集(捐款)句型：1.Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.即使你非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。(P19)before 引导时间状语，除了表示“在之前”以外，还可以表示“(之后)才；
38、(不多久)就；不等就”。多用于下列句型中：It will take/takes/took sb.some time before 花费时间才 It is/was long before.过了时间才 9 It wont be long before.不久就 It will be long before.过多久才 Unit 4 词汇：1.phenomenon n.pl phenomena 现象 2.glance at=take a glance at 匆匆一看；扫视 stare at 盯着看；凝视 glare at 瞪着眼看；怒目而视；怒视 3.decrease vt.&vi.decrease/r
39、educeto/by 减小，降低到（了）；反义 increase 4.exist vi.存在 existence n.存在 生存 came into existence产生 5.supply sb.with sth.=supply sth.for/to sb.提供/供应某物给某人 provide sb.with sth.=provide sth.for sb.offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to pareto 把比作 comp arewith 把和比较 e about 发生 come across 偶然遇到 come out 出版，（花）开 8.build up 树立，逐步建立
40、；增加；增进（健康）；集结 9.on the whole =in the main=in the abstract 大体上，基本上，总的来说 as a whole 总体上，作为一个整体看待 10.make a difference有关系，有影响，有重要性 make some/no/any/not much/a great deal of difference（to）颇有/没有/有些/没有多大/有很大影响（关系）11.make sense(of)有道理；有意义；讲得通；明白；是明智的 12.put up with =stand=bear=stand for 忍受，容忍 13.so long as
41、=as long as 只要；既然,由于 14.There is no doubt that.毫无疑问.beyond/without doubt 无疑地 doubt 的宾语从句,肯定句用 whether/if；否定句用 that 15.quantity a large quantity of/large quantities of;大量的，许多的 in quantity;成批地，大量地 a large quantity of/large quantities of 之后接可数或不可数名词。注意:a large quantity of 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。large quantities
42、 of 作主语，谓语动词都用复数 Unit 5 1.appoint v.任命；委派；约定；指定 appoint sb.to be/as.任命/指派某人成为 be appointed as/to be.被任命/指派为 10 appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事 by appointment 按照约定 make an appointment(with)与约会 2.match，fit，suit match 用作及物或不及物动词，表品质、颜色、设计等方面匹配，即表示“与相配，和一致”；fit 既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，多指衣物等尺寸大小“合适，合身”；suit 表示“适合
43、”，强调衣服的颜色、式样、质地等适合某人，也指“合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位”等。Your tie matches your suit well.你的领带非常适合你的套装。The afterschool programme suits the needs of most of the children.课外活动适合绝大多数孩子的需要。Not every shoe fits every foot.并非每只鞋都合脚。3.unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的 be unconscious of 未觉察到；未意识到 fall/become unconscious 失去意识；不省人事
44、 become conscious 清醒过来 be conscious of 意识到 be conscious that.意识到；觉察到 4.anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的 be anxious about 担心；焦虑 be anxious to do sth.急切干某事；渴望做某事 be anxious for 盼望；渴望 anxiety about/over 对的担心 anxiety for 对的担心 anxiety to do sth.渴望干某事的急切心情；做的渴望 5.panic v/n.惊慌；恐慌 get into a panic 惊慌失措 be in a panic 处于恐
45、慌，惊恐中 in panic 惊慌地 panic sb.into doing sth.使某人因惊慌而做某事 panic over 对感到惊慌 in a state of panic 处于惊恐状态 注意 panic 的过去式和过去分词都是 panicked；现在分词是 panicking。6.guarantee v.保证；担保 guarantee(sb.)sth.保证(某人)某事物 guarantee that.保证、担保 guarantee to do 保证做；担保做 be guaranteed to do sth.肯定做某事 be under guarantee 在保修期内 give sb.
46、a guarantee(that)向某人保证 There is no guarantee of./that.不能保证 7.make ones way 前往；向前；慢慢成功 11 feel ones way 摸索着前进 fight/push ones way 推/挤着前进 wind ones way 蜿蜒前进 force ones way out/in 挤出去/进来 lose ones way 迷路 keep ones way 一直前进 make way for 给让路 8.vary from.to 由到不等 vary in sth.在方面不同；有差异 vary with 随变化 a varie
47、ty of varieties of 种种的；各种各样的 注意 variety n变化；多样性；varied adj.种种的；多姿多彩的；various adj.种种的(接复数名词或作表语)。句型 1.句中 be about to do.when.表示“正要这时”，when 引导的从句有“突然”之意，还可以用于下列句型中：be doing.when；be just about to do.when；be on the way to.when；be on the point of doing sth.when；had just done.when I was about to go out wh
48、en there was a knock on the door.我正要出门，这时有人敲门。He was walking in the street when he caught sight of a car racing towards him.他正走在街上，突然看见一辆汽车朝他冲了过来。He was on the way home when a stranger stopped him.他正在回家的路上，这时有个陌生人拦住了他。She was on the point of jumping off the building when a policeman came.她正要跳楼，警察突然拦
49、住了她。I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。2.句中 Its said that.表示“据说”，可以替换为“Sb./It is said to.”，其中的不定式可以有多种形式(一般时、完成时、被动语态)。It is said that another typhoon will come soon.Another typhoon is said to come soon.据说又要来台风了 It is said that his fatherinlaw has been infected with AIDS.Hi
50、s fatherinlaw is said to have been infected with AIDS.据说他岳父感染了艾滋病。类似句型还有：Its reported/announced/supposed/hoped/believed that.据报道/已宣布/大家认为/大家希望/人们相信 It is wellknown that.众所周知 It has been decided that.已经决定 It is suggested that.有人建议(从句中用 should动词原形，should 可省略)It must be remembered that.务必记住 12 语法：动词不定式