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1、人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Uni t 1 2 3 45 0neFr iends hip一、重点短语1. go th rough经历,经受ge t th r o ugh通过;完毕;接通电话2. set down记下,放下a s eri e s o f 一系歹ij3. on p u rpo s e有目的的i n o rder to 为了4. at dusk傍晚,黄昏时刻. f a c e t o f a c e 面对面5. f a 1 1 i n love 爱上j o in i n参与(某个活动);ta k e part in参与(活动)j。in加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)c a Im d
2、ow n冷静下来1 1. s uff e r f r om 遭受1 2 . be/ g et t i re d o f .对感到厌倦1 3. b e con c erned about 关心1 4. get o n/along well with 与相处融洽15. b e goo d a t /do well i n 擅长于.16. find i t + ad j . to d o st h .发现做某事是n o 1 o nge r / n o t .an y 1 o n g e r 不再17. too much太多(后接不可数n.)much t oo 太.(后接 adj.)o penin g
3、 s p e ech 开幕词1 7. give / provid e s h e 1 t e r t o向提供庇护所se e k s h elte r from.规避1 8. ha p p e n to + n./ p ron.遭遇,发生ha p pen to do sth.偶尔;恰巧hap p e n 指偶尔发生take pla c e指事先计划好的事情发生二、语法一定语从句概念在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。成分;先行词,即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词:lhat,wh i c h ,who (宾格为whom,所有格为whose);或者关系副词whcr e ,when,
4、why 等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句的 作用。1 .关系代词t hat的用法关系代词t ha t在定语从句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主语,也能做宾 语例:1) A p 1 a n e is a ma c hin e that can f 1 y.(指物,作主语)2) Th e n o o dies (that) I cooke d we r e del i c ious.(指物,作 宾语)3) W h o is the man t ha t i s readi n g a book o ver there?(指人,作 主语)4)The girl (that)
5、 we saw y este r d ay was Jims sis t er,(指人,作宾语)2 .关系代词which的用法关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物,但既可以做宾语也能作主语例:1) T h ey plan ted s o me tre e s whic h did n ne e d mu ch w a t e r.(作主语)2)The f ish (wh i c h) we b ough t t h is in o r n ing wer e not fre s h.(作宾语)3 .关系代词who, whom的用法关系代词Who,whom只能指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语
6、例:1)T h e f oreigne r who hel ped us yes terday i s f r om USA.(作主语)2) The p e rson to whom y ou j u s t talke d to is Mr. Li.(作宾语)、4.关系代词who s e在的用法关系代词who s e为关系代词Who的所有格形式,其先行词既可以是人也可以 是物,whos e和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾 语。例:1 )Thi s is t he sc i ent i st wh o se name is known all ove r t h e wo r
7、 I d .(指人,作主语)2 ) Th e room who sew ind o w f a ce s s o ut h is m i nc. (指物, 作主语)3) He h a s writt e n a b o ok whose name I ve forg o tten.(指物,作宾语)5.关系副词when的用法关系副词whe n在定语从句中作时间状语例:l)m never forge t the lime when (=dur i ng whi c h) w e w or k ed o n th e fa r m.2 ) Do you r ememb e r t h e af t
8、ernoon wh e n (=o n wh i ch) we f i r st met t h r ee yea r s ago?6.关系副词wher e在定语从句中的用法关系副词w h e re在定语从句中做地点状语例:1) This is t h e pl a c e whe r e ( =at / in which) we f i rst met.2 ) T h e h ote 1 wh e re (= i n which ) w e s t a yed wa s nt very clean.7.关系副词why在定语从句中的用法关系副词w hy在定语从句中作因素状语例:1). I d
9、idnt geta pay ris e , but t his w a sn5t the reason w h y (= for wh i c h ) I le f t .2). The reas o n wh y (=for whi ch) he h a s 1 a te was that h e misse d the train.Unit5 Nelson Man d e 1 a - a mod e r n hero一、重点词汇1. selfish自私的s el f 1 e ss无私的devot e one s elf to.致力于;献身于2. fi g h t a ga i n si 对
10、抗,反对 fight fo r 为而战p r i n c i p 1 e 原则 princ i pal校长;重要的3. . o f f er guidance to .给提供指导. o u t o f wo r k 失业4. join加入(组织,俱乐部,成为其中一员) join in参与(活动)t a ke part i n参与(活动)a s + adj +as on e can 尽也许= as + adj. +as po s sible. a s a ma t t er of f act 事实上(=in fac t )1 0. blow up爆炸,炸掉s el up 建立 ; set ab
11、o ut 着手,开始做(selaboul doin gs th.)s e t off 出发,动身;s e t out 开始,出发(set out t o d o s th.)be se n t e n c e d to 被判11. be equal to与相等;胜任be p r ou d of为感到自豪1 5 . give out分发(give off散发出(气味)1 6. die f or为而死die o f死于(自身因素,如疾病)d i e from死于(外在因素,如车祸)1 7 . real i z e ones dr c am o f .实现.的梦想1 8. only位于句首时,要主谓
12、倒装例:0 nl y the n d i d w e dec i de t o a n swer violcnc e wit h vi o 1 ence.O n 1 y in t his way, can w e p r o t ect t he environment be t ter.二.语法一一定语从句详见第四单元1 9 . no t .un t i 1 直到.才20. its no p 1 e a sure do i ng st h 做 并不开心2 1 . ma k e s b . sth. 使某人成为make sb. do sth.使某人做某事二、语法一直接引语和间接引语概念:直接引
13、语:直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句 且不要加引号。例:Mr. B1 a ck s a id, u Pm b usy.”Mr. Black sa id that h e w a s bu s y.变化规则(一)陈述句的变化规则直接引语假如是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词th at(可省略)引导,从句中的 人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。人称的变化一一人称的变化重要是要理解句子的意思例:1. He s a id, “ I 1 汰e i t very m u ch. f He sai d t ha
14、t he I i k ed it v e r y much.2. He sai d to m e , I v 1 e ft my book in your room.”f He t old me tha t he ha d le f t h is b ook i n my r oom.时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完毕时过去完毕时一般过去时过去完毕时一 般将来时过去将来时过去完毕时过去完毕时例:“I do n t want to se t down a seri e s of fac t s in a d i a r y, v s aid Anne.-A
15、 nne said t hat s he d i d nt wan t to s e t d ow n a serie s of f a c ts in a d iary.The b oy said, Im using a knife.”-* Th e boy sa i d that he was using a k n i f e.注意:假如直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如:H e said, “Light travels much f as t er than so u n dHe sai d t hat li g ht t rav e I s muc h fa s t e
16、 r t h an s o u n d.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语thisthatt heset h os enowthena g obefo r e/earliertodayt h at dayy est e r dayt h e da y b e f or elomo r r o wt he nex t / following daythe d a y after tomor r owIn tw o days t im ecom eg。hereth e reth e day bef ore y e s t e r daytw o day s befo r e
17、/ e a r 1 i e r(二) 祈使句的变化规则 假如直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不 定式,并根据句子意思在不定式前加上t ell /ask/o rder等动词,假如祈使句是 否认句,在不定式前面还要加上n o t。例:The hostess said tous, “Please sit down.”-* The ho s t e s s asked u s to sit d o wn.He s aid, UD o nU m a k e so much n o i s e, boys.”f H e t old th e b o ys n o t to
18、 make so m u c h noise.(三)疑问句的变化规则假如直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句 末用句号。一般疑问句:假如直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是s ay或s a id时,要改为ask或as k e d,原问句变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。例: “Do you think a dia r y c an become your frien d ?,5 the w r i t e r says.f The w ritcr asks u s if we t h ink a di a ry can bccom e our f
19、riend.2)特殊疑问句:假如间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用本来的引导 词,但疑问句要变为陈述句。例:“Wh a t do you want?” he as k ed me.- He a sked me wh a t I wante dUnit t wo E nglish a ro u n d t he w o rid一、重点短语b e diffe r e n t f r om 与不同b e the same as 与同样. oneanother 互相,彼此(=eachothe r )1. o ffici a 1 language 官方语言a t t h e end o f 在结
20、束时2. b ec a us e of由于(后接名词或名词性短语)because由于(后接句子). n ative spea k e r s说母语的人3. . be b ased on根据,依据at pr e s en t目前;当今4. espe cial 1 y 特别,特别spec i ally专门地1 0 . make us e of 运用.mak e t he b e s t o f充足运用1 1. a larg e numberof大量的,很多(作主语,谓语动词用复数)the numbe r of的数量(作主语,谓语动词用单数)in f a ct = actu a 1 1 y= as
21、a matte r of facl 事实上12. believe it o r n o t信不信由你ther e is no su c h t h i ng a s.没有这样的事13. b e e x p ect e d to被期待做某事6 . playapart / ro lein 在.起作用1 7 . mak e lists of.列清单1 8. included涉及(前面接涉及的对象)Inc 1 tiding涉及(后接涉及的对象)command s b. to d o sth.命令某人去做某事c omma n d + that 从句(从句用 should+V 原)0 . reque s
22、t s b . to d o s t h.规定某人做某事r e que s t + that 从句(从句用 s hould+V原)二、语法-英语中的命令(command)语气和请求(reque s t)语气命令语气:表达直接命令某人做某事,语气比较重,不怎么礼貌,一般用于上 级对下级例:1. “ Look a t the e x a mple”, the teach e r sai d to us.2 . Open the window!请求语气:表达请求某人做某事,语气比较缓和,非常礼貌例:1 . “ Would you like to see m y flat? ” She asked.2
23、. Would you please open th e win d o w?Unit 3 T r a v e 1 journal一、重点短语1. . Irave 1 一一-泛指旅行jo urney指长时间长距离的陆上旅行voyage-指长距离的水上旅行,也可以指乘飞机旅行t rip-常指短时间短距离的旅行lour一一指环游,巡回旅游,pre f er to更加喜欢,宁愿pref e r A t o B比起B,更喜欢Ap re f e r do i ng to d o ing 比起做宁愿做.prefe r to d o r ather than d o 与其做,不如flow t h rough
24、 流过,流经2. e v e r s inc e 自从persuade sb. to d o sth.说服某人做某事3. . be fond o f 喜欢i nsi s t on do i n g坚持做某事in s ist + that 从句(用 sho u 1 d+ V 原)care abo u t 关心4. ch a nge one, s min d 改变想法1 0. altit u de 高度allitude态度,见解m a ke up one, s m i nd t o do 下定决心做某事=dec i de t o d o = ma k e a dec i s i on to d o
25、g iv e i n 让步,屈服give up放弃be s urprised to .对感到惊奇t o o nes s u r pri s e令某人惊讶的是at 1 ast = f inally = i n the en d 最终1 5. stop tod。停下来去做某事s top doing停止做某事1 6 . as u s ual像往常同样1 7 . s o .th a t如此以至于S o + a dj + a /an + n . + thatSu c h + a/an +a d j . + n. + that18. be fam i lia r with对熟悉(人作主语)b e f am
26、iliar to为所熟悉(物作主语)二、语法:现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来,表达最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,常见的现在进行时表 将来的动词有:c o me/ go/ le a v e/ arri v e / tra v el / take / stay/ d o 等.例:1. Im comin g .我就来2 . what are you d oin g n e xt Su n day ?你下个星期天做什么?3 . I h e ar that y o u are trav e 1 1 i ng al o n g Mekong Ri v e r . 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行4 . Wher
27、e a r e you sta y ing at night?你们晚上待在哪里/Un i t f o ur E a r thq u akes一、重点短语right aw a y 立刻,立即(= atonce = in n o time)1. a slee p睡着的;熟睡地(fa 1 1 a slee p入睡)s le ep睡;睡眠sle e py犯困的2. . it seems t h a t/ as i f看来仿佛;似乎i n rui ns成为废墟3. t he num b e r of的数量(谓语动词用单数)a num b e r o f大量(谓语动词用复数)4. rescue wo r
28、ke r s 营救人员Come to ones r esc u e 营救某人. be t r app e d 被困5. . h ow 1 ong多长时间how oft e n多久,指平率how soon还要多久(用于将来时当中,用in+时间段回答)hundreds of t ho u s ands of 成上万的6. d ig o ut 挖出1 1. shake- -泛指“动摇,震动”,常指左右、上下动摇,也可以指人“震惊, 颤抖”例:1. She felt t he e a rth s hak i n g under h im.2. She was sha ken with an g er.
29、quake-指较强烈的震动,如地震例: T h e b uildin g q u aked on its fou n dat i onT r embl e -指人由于寒冷、恐惊、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤 抖例:Sud d enly I saw her I i ps be g i n t o tremb 1 e a n d tea r s b e g i n to f low down her cheek s .S h ive r 一一多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦例: A sudden gus t of c o 1 d wi n d made me s h iv e r.12. rise (
30、 r ose-ri s en)- vi,上升;升起,无被动语态;g i ve rise to 引起R a i se(r a ise d r ais e d )- vt,举起;筹集;养育Ari s e ( a rose-arisen)- - vt,出现(常指问题或现象)inj ure- 常指因意外事故导致的损伤,也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害 例:He was i njured i n a car acciden t .harm- 泛指“伤害,损害”,既可以指有生命的,也可以指无生命的例:1. He was af r a i d that h i s fu r y would harm the ch
31、il d .2 . His b u sin e ss wa s ha r med fo r s ome r e ason. hurt-既可以指肉体上的伤害,也可以指精神上的伤害例:1. She h urt h e r leg w h en she f ell.2 . He felt hurt a t your w o rd.woun d-一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤例:T h e bu 1 let wounde d him in t h e arm.1 4. b e prepar e d for .= make p reparations for 为做准备in ones honor向表达敬意;为纪念Be / f e e 1 ho n or e d to d o .做.感到很荣幸m a k e / g i ve/del i v e r a s p e e ch 发言