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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Unit 1 I 词汇及结构1. would rather do sth 愿意做,. would rather sb did sth 愿意 sb 做,愿意做,.而不愿意做 , ：would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth I would rather stay at home today. 我今日宁愿待在家里；I woul
2、d rather you came here tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来；I would rather you hadn.t told me about it yesterday. 我宁愿你昨天没有告知我关于它；2.faith n. 信任 ,信仰break ones faith with sb. 对某人不守信用keep faith with 忠于信仰 ; 守信I kept faith with him. 我信守了对他的诺言；He who loses faith, loses all. 失去信心的人 , 失去全部；have faith in 信任 , 信任in good faith 老实
3、地；恳切地faithful adj. 忠诚的,牢靠的3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text so+adj+aan+单数可数 +that, so many/few +n 复数 + that, so much/little 不行数 +that, such+adj.+n.不行数 / n 复数 eg.1 The book is _interesting that I want to read i
4、t again. 2 It was _a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick. 3 It was _cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick. 4 There are _many mistakes in your composition that I can.t understand it.5 He has made _rapid progress that he got the first in the exam. 6 _t
5、hat Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. （07 陕西）A. So successful her business was C. So her business was successful B 4.consequently adv. 所以,因此 I overslept and _ I was late for work. B. So successful was her business D. So was her successful business 我睡过头了 ,所以我上班迟到了；Mr Foster has never b
6、een to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it. 福斯特先生从未去过中国 , 所以对中国明白得很少；It rained that day and _ the baseball game was called off. A. however B. still C. so D. consequently D consequent adj. 作为结果的 ,随之发生的as a consequence/result = in consequence = so 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 31 页精选学习资料
7、- - - - - - - - - She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence of it. consequence n. 结果 as a consequence/result of = because of 5 .aim 1）n. 1 C 目标 without aim 无目的的 / 无目标的 achieve one.s aimmiss ones aim 打不中目标2U 对准 , 瞄准 take aim at The hunter took aim at the lion s aim is to do , 的目标是, . sb/
8、sthWhat is your aim in life. 你生活的目的是什么 . The governor.s aim is to increase citizens. income. 2）v. 1 以枪等 对准 ,瞄准 aim at take aim at the target= aim at the target 瞄准靶子她被判有罪 ,因而失去了工作The factory must aim at increasing its quality . 他用枪瞄准老虎并开火 ,但没打中 He aimed his gun at the tiger, fired but missed it. aiml
9、ess a. 无目标的,无目的的 She led an aimless life. 2 准备 ,方案 , 以 , 为目标 , 立志做 , aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准 , 力求做到 ,力争达到 Harry aims at becoming a doctor. or: Harry aims to become a doctor. 6.typical adj. 典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的 representative a typical character 典型人物 typical example 典型事例 He is a typical pupil; he is l
10、ike most of the other pupils. 他是一个有代表性的同学,他和大多数其他同学一样；adj. evident 明白的 , 明显的 apparent n. evidence 证据 ;证明 The applause made it evident that the play was a hit. 掌声明显说明该剧是胜利的；It is evident obvious to sb that .Its evident that you are tired. 明显你累了；in evidence = evident 明显的7.realistic 现实主义的 ,逼真的 ,现实的in a
11、 more realistic way 以一种更逼真的形式realism 现实主义 idealism realist 现实主义terrorism 恐惧主义terrorist 恐惧分子Socialism Socialist realize v. 实现real adj. 真的8. During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. hold , Ideas/ value 持有 , 的观点 / 价值观 I hold the view that the plan c
12、an.t work. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - adopt vt. 1.实行 ;接受 ;吸取 After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. 一再考虑之后 ,我打算采 纳她的建议；2.过继 ,收养 +as Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子；3.正式通过 ,接受 The agenda was adopted after some
13、 discussion.经过争论 ,议事日程获得通过；adopted adj. 被收养的,被接受的 adopted child 11.possess 用作动词时,不能用于进行时；有多种不同的含义：；如：1）“ 有,拥有”The library possesses a number of the artist.s early works. 作品；图书馆里藏有那位画家的一些早期2）“ 具有 , 的特质”；常见搭配有be possessed of sth,意为“ 具有某种品质或特点”；如：I.m afraid he doesn.t possess a sense of humor. 唯恐他没有什么幽
14、默感；He is possessed of great natural ability. 他很有天赋；3）“ 支配,掌握”；如：He was possessed by the desire to be rich. n. possession 1【 c】财产,全部物（常用复数）The ring is one of her most valuable possessions. 这只戒指是他最宝贵的财产之一；personal possessions个人财产 He lost all his possessions in the fire. 2【 u】占有,拥有 take possession of 占
15、据,夺取 come into possession of 占有in possession of 表主动）占有 in the possession of （表被动）, 被占有 He is in of the house. 他拥有这套房子；The house is in the of him. 这套房子在他的占有之下；- Does the young man standing there _the company. - No. The company is _ his father. A.have of; in of B.in of ; in the of C.take of ; in the o
16、f D.have of ; in of 9.convince convince sb. to do sth=convince sb of sth. 说服某人做, Convince sb that 使某人确信某事 He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我确信他的真诚；I was convinced that he was sincere. Your mistakes convinced me that you hadn.t studied your lesson. 你的错误使我确信你没有学习 功课；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 31 页
17、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - convince vt. “ 使确信；使信服”convince sb. of sth. / that . Scientists are convinced _ the possible effect of laughter _ physical and mental health. A. of; at B. by; in C. of; on D. on; at by coincidence 碰巧 , 由于巧合what a coincidence！多么凑巧的事情啊！What a coincidence to meet you here. 真巧在这
18、儿遇到你；I met him by coincidence. I didn.t know he was here.10.a great/ good deal 大量 ; 大量 Ever since the reform and opening, China has changed a great deal. adv.修饰 v. A great deal has been studied and this is considered the best way to solve the difficult problem.n. He ran a great deal faster than me.修
19、饰比较级 a great/good deal of 为 adj,修饰 U A great deal of money was spent on the project. 那个项目花费了大量金钱；1）修饰可数名词：many a few a good/great many A great many buildings have been built along the street. a large/ big/ great/ / small number of Many a + 单数名词 More than one + 单数名词 2）修饰不行数名词：much a good/great deal o
20、f a large amount of 谓语动词用单数 large amounts of 谓语动词用复数 3）修饰可数和不行数名词 a lot of/lots of plenty of a large quantity of 谓语动词用单数 large quantities of 谓语动词用复数 练习：1._ the students in our school go to college in their teens. A good many B. A great many of C. A great deal of D. A lot of 2. He is _ better now. Do
21、n.t worry about him.A.more B. a great deal of C. a number of D.a great deal 13.The impressionists were the first artists to paint outdoors. He is always the last one to leave the classroom. 10.attempt v.尝试,妄想 v.妄想,试图；努力 试图,尝试：努力去执行,做或完成名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - attempt
22、 doing 反复尝试做 attempt to do 妄想做 attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing The second question was so difficult; I didn.t even attempt it. 其次道题太难了,我连试都没试；I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet. 我想开口说几句,但有人叫我别做声；I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting. We attempted the difficult maneuver
23、 without assistance. 2突击；攻击 n. 1妄想或努力 an attempt on someones life.对某人生命的攻击 Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first_ . A intentionB attemptC purposeD desire make an attempt to do sth at doing sth She made an attempt to cook the di
24、nner. 她试着做这顿饭；The prisoner made an attempt to escape/ at escaping but failed. at ones attempt 在 sb 尝试下 s first attempt 初次尝试 one练习：1 他试图行走直到摔倒；He_ 2 他参与过考试,可是失败了；He_ but failed. 3 我妄想说话,可是有人要我寂静点；I _ but was told to be quiet. attempted walking until he fell over. attempted the examination attempted t
25、o speak 18.On the other hand 另一方面,相当于一个副词；常与 on one hand 连用；On one hand, on the other hand 一方面 , 另一方面 This job is not well paid, but on the other hand, I don.t have to wor k long hours. On one hand, I need a computer, but on the other hand, I don.t have enough money.At hand 在手边,在邻近 By hand 用手的,手工的 G
26、o hand in hand with 与 , 共同行动 19.Predict 1v.预言,猜测后面加名词做宾语或接that 从句 /wh-从句；Nobody can predict what will happen in the future. It is still not possible to accurately predict the occurrence of earthquakes. 现在仍不行能精确猜测地震的发生；2 n. Prediction 预言,猜测名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Her
27、prediction turned out to be correct. 她的预言证明是正确的；20.Specific 明确的,详尽的,详细的,特有的 Can you be a bit more specific when you talk about your plan. 当你谈及你的方案时,你能说的再详细点吗？Each organ in our body has its specific function. 我们体内的每个器官都有自己特殊的作用；This kind of disease is specific to houses. 这种病只有马才会得；21.figure 1 形状 ;体形
28、;人影 I saw a figure in the darkness. 2 体态 ;风姿 She has a slender figure. 3人物 ;名人 He has become a figure known to everyone. 4 数字 Where did you get those figures. 5His work now commands huge figures. 22.delicate He is a delicate child. 纤弱的 ,娇弱的,瘦弱的 Be careful with those wine cups they are very delicate.
29、 简洁的In such a delicate situation I have to weigh my words. 需要当心处理的;微妙的 ;麻烦的在这样微妙的情形下,我必需权衡一下我的话；What a delicate work of art. 精妙的 delicate china.精致的瓷器 23.1aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的 ;有闯劲的 ;入侵性的 ;好斗的 He is very aggressive. 他生性好斗；We regarded the Iraq War as an aggressive one. 我们认为伊拉克战争是入侵战争；an aggressive sa
30、lesman一干劲很大的售货员 aggressive weapons 攻击性武器 2aggressively adv. 气概汹汹地 3aggression n.入侵（行动） aggressor n. 入侵者 练习：If you want to become a successful businessman, you must _ _ . 假如你想做一个胜利的商人,你必需积极进取；_ _ must be destroyed. 必需要销毁攻击性的武器；be aggressive Aggressive arms 24.In the flesh 活生生,本人,亲自 Flesh n.肌肉；肉 Have
31、you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh.你见过周杰伦本人吗？t believe until he saw in the flesh 他直到亲眼目睹才信任；He wouldn Flesh and blood 肉体,血肉之躯 Though he is a hero, he is still flesh and blood. Lose flesh 减肥 Gain/put on flesh 增肥 Flesh-eating 食肉的 25.preference - prefer 1更加的宠爱 ,偏爱 UC+for 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 31
32、 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A window seat is my preference. 我宠爱靠窗的座位；We dress simply by preference.第一 , 最好 2偏爱的事物 或人 C Which is your preference, tea or coffee. 你宠爱喝哪一样 ,茶仍是咖啡 . 3偏袒 U+for Parents should not show preference for any one of their children. 父母不应显露出对任何一个孩子的偏心；4优先 权;优惠权 UC in preference to
33、优先于 Have a preference for 偏爱 I have a preference for classic music. 我更宠爱古典音乐；We had a preference for sweet food.我们特殊宠爱吃甜食 . in preference to , 优先于I.d choose the small car in preference to the larger one. 大的；我宁可挑选那辆小的汽车而不要那辆She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano. 她愿学小提琴而不学钢琴 . 26.Ap
34、peal vi. 1 呼吁 ,请求 appeal to sb for sth. He appealed to me for help. 2诉诸 ,求助 +to We will appeal to a variety of sources of information. 3有吸引力 ,迎合爱好 W+to The idea appealed to Mary. 4【律】上诉 +to/against He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given. 27.fragile adj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的；As he broke u
35、p with his girlfriend, his heart was fragile. 由于他同女伴侣分手了,他的心很脆弱；Reputation n. 1 名誉 ,名声 +for The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing. 该店买卖公正 ,声誉极佳；He has a reputation for cheating in the exam. 他以考试作弊而享有盛名；have a reputation 享有盛名2好名声 ,声望 ;信誉 This restaurant has a fine reputation. 这家餐厅信誉很
36、好；Cheating at the game ruined that player live up to one s reputation 不负盛名s reputation. 竞赛时作弊败坏了那位选手的声望；lose ones reputation 失去盛名；win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉You must live up to your promise. 你必需实践自己的诺言；They are always exhorted to deliver results and to live up to their parents high expectations 他们
37、无时无刻被提示要考取好成果,实现父母对他们的高度期望；28.、The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. 博物馆展现的不仅仅是视觉上的乐趣；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - more than名词意为“ 不仅仅”,more than just 相当于 not only, not just 的意思；如：Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. 詹森不仅是一名讲师,他仍是一个作
38、家；Modern science is more than a large amount of information. 现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息；1 more than+数词,意为“ 超过” 相当于over,其反义词组为less than；如There are more than two hundred people in the park. 公园里有 200 多人；2“ more than形容词 /副词” 是“ 很” 或“ 特别” 的意思；如：I am more than content with what you said. 我对你的讲话特别中意；She was dressed mor
39、e than simply. 她穿着太朴实了；3 在“more . than . ” 结构中,确定“more” 后面的内容而否定“than” 后面的部分,常译为“ 是 , 而不是 , ”或 “ 与其说 , 不如说 , ”；如：Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened. 听到这庞大的声响,男孩与其说是可怕不如说是感到很惊奇；句型：1. The Impressionists were_. 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家；P2 序数词 the first/the second/the last sb. to
40、 do 是一种常见结构,表示“ 最早、其次、最后做某事的人”,其中的不定式作后置定语；假如主语和不定式之间有被动关系,不定式应使用被动结构；My monitor is always the first to come to school and the last to leave. 我的班长总是第一个到校、最终一个离开；To tell the truth, he was the last person to be met with by the manager. 说实话,他是最终一个被经理会见的人；She was the first woman to win the gold medal in
41、 the Olympic Games. 她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手；2. _so many great works of art from the late 19th century to 21st century are housed in the same museum. 令人惊讶的是, 在同一家博物馆里竟能容纳下19 世纪后期到 21 世纪的如此众多的名家巨作；It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/shocking that.是一种常见句型,表示“ 令人惊讶、震 惊、惊奇等 ” ,其中 it 是形式主语, that 引导名词性从句作句子的真正
42、主语；这种句型可以用 to ones amazement/surprise/astonishment/shock 这些短语作状语来改写；It is surprising that children who are seven years old dont know how to brush ones teeth. 令人惊讶的是,七岁的孩子仍不知道怎么刷牙To our shock, the terrorist explosion caused over one hundred deaths. 令我们震动的是,这次恐惧爆炸造成了一百多人死亡；语法：虚拟语气1.虚拟语气用于条件句、其它句型中与现在事
43、实相反时从句用过去时did/were ,主句用 would/should/could/might 动词原形How nice it _ if I _ a sister like you. Awas; had Bwould be; had had Cwould have been; had D would be; had 【解析】题干表达与现在事实相反的内容,依据规章选 D 项2. 与过去事实相反时从句用过去完成时 had done,主句用 would/should/could/might have done 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - -
44、 - - - - - - Were you in time for the lecture. If I _ told earlier, I would have. Ahad been Bwas Cwere to be Dshould be 选 A ； 由问句看出与过去事实相反,因而从句中使用过去完成时；3.与将来事实相反时,从句中可用三种形式,即动词的过去式/should 动词原形 /were to动词原形；This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. Awould Bshould Ccould Dmight 分析：后一句实际上使用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,从句中使用 万一”should 表示“ 假如；_ fired, your