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1、2021年高考英语三轮复习：阅读理解精选试题汇编第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。AWant to be more successful? If so, then you need to read a few self-help books. Here are four popular ones to get you going.59 Seconds ( 2009) by Richard WisemanThis is a self-help book w
2、ith a difference. Wiseman, a scientist, uses science to prove many self-help myths(神 话)are false. For example, self-help books say that if you want to achieve a goal, you should visualize it. But Wiseman says thats the worst thing to do. Studies show that you need to visualize the steps required to
3、achieve the goal.How to Win Friends& Influence People ( 1936) by Dale CarnegieThis is the book that launched the self-help type. Carnegie says financial success is 15% professional knowledge and 85% the ability to express ideas, assume leadership, and motivate people. The book is full of practical a
4、dvice on how to influence people by making them like you.The Millionaire Next Door (1996) by Thomas Stanley & Wiliam DankoThe authors of this book spent years interviewing American millionaires to figure out the secrets of their success. And they discovered that a majority of millionaires dont live
5、luxury lifestyles. TheyYe rich because they live below their means and reinvest what they earn.Who Moved My Cheese? (1998)-by Spencer JohnsonWho Moved My Cheese? An Amazing Way to Deal with Change in Your Work and in Your Life, published onSeptember 8, 1998, is a motivational business fable. The tex
6、t describes change in ones work and life, and four typical reactions to those changes by two mice and two little people”, during their hunt for cheese.1. What is the key to achieving success in 59 Seconds?A. To employ science.B. To follow examples.C. To picture procedures.D. To visualize the goal.2.
7、 What is Dale Carnegies book mainly about?A. How to master occupational knowledge.B. How to apply practical techniques.C. How to gain strong management.D. How to become popular persons.3. Which book can help you adapt to change in your life?A. 59 SecondsC. The Millionaire Next DoorB. Who Moved My Ch
8、eese?D. How to Win Friends& Influence People【答案】l.C 2. D 3, B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四本有助于变得更成功的自助书籍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据 59 Seconds ( 2009) by Richard Wiseman 部分中 Studies show that you need to visualize the steps required to achieve the goal.可知研究表明，你需要设想实现目标所需的步骤。由此可知，要想在59秒 内取得成功，关键是要把步骤想象出来。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据
9、 How to Win Friends& Influence People ( 1936) by Dale Carnegie 部分中 The book is full of practical advice on how to influence people by making them like you.可知这本书里有很多实用的建议，教你如 何通过让别人喜欢你来影响别人。由此可知，Dale Carnegie的书主要讲了如何成为受欢迎的人。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中 Who Moved My Cheese? An Amazing Way to Deal with Chan
10、ge in Your Work and in Your Life, published on September 8, 1998, is a motivational business fable. The text describes change in ones work and life, and four typical reactions to those changes by two mice and two “ little people ” , during their hunt for cheese,可知1998年9月8日出版的谁动了我的奶酪？处理工作和生活变化的神奇方法是一
11、个励志 的商业寓言。文章描述了工作和生活的变化，以及两只老鼠和两个“小人物”在寻找奶酪的过程中对这些 变化的四种典型反应。由此可知，谁动了我的奶酪？这本书可以帮助你适应生活中的变化。故选B。BWhen Millet was a boy he worked on his needy fathers farm. At the rest hour in the fields the other workers would all take naps, but young Millet would spend time drawing. Finally, the village where he li
12、ved gave him a little money to Paris to study art.When Millet reached Paris, he had a tough time. Fortunately, when he was almost starving, someone bought one of his peasant paintings, which enabled his family to leave for Barbizon.Millets pictures of peasants at work were painted in a unique way. T
13、he painter would go out on the farms and watch them carefullydigging, hoeing, spreading manure, sawing wood, or sowing grain. Then he would come home and paint what he had seen. So astonishingly accurate was his memory that he could paint at home without models and get all the movements of his figur
14、es right. When he did need a figure to go by, he would ask his wife to pose for him.One of his noted artworks is called “The Sower”, which shows a man seeding. He reaches into his bag for seed and then swings backward to scatter the seed, and with each swing of his hand the sower strides forward. In
15、 Millets picture the sower has been working hard, but his swinging step and arm still move smoothly, like a machine. Only the mans head reveals his great tiredness.Another masterpiece is called “The Gleaners. A gleaner is someone picking up the leftover in the field after the wheat harvest. When far
16、mers near Barbizon are extremely badly-off, even the little the gleaners can find is a help. You can see from Millets picture what back-breaking work gleaning must be.4. What do we know about Millet?A. His wife supported him to be a painter.C. He spent his whole life in Barbizon.5. How did he paint
17、the laboring farmers?A. Asking models for help.C. Remembering what he had observed.6. What do Millets works convey?A. The farmers, hardships.C. His love for the village.B. He was keen on painting as a kid.D. He was brought up in Paris.B. Imagining figures in the field.D. Recalling the days on his fa
18、thers farm.B. The scene of farming.D. His anxiety about the farmers.7. What painting style of Millet can be inferred from the text?B. Abstract.D. Realistic.A. Impressionistic.C. Romantic.【答案】4. B 5, C 6. A 7. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 Millet从小就喜欢画画，他的画作主要描绘了农民劳动时的场景。他通过记 住他所观察到的来描绘劳动的农民，且Millet的作品传达了农民的艰辛。
19、文章最后介绍了他的两幅作品。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中 When Millet was a boy he worked on his needy father，s farm. At the rest hour in the fields the other workers would all take naps, but young Millet would spend time drawing.可知，当小米 还是个孩子的时候，他在他父亲的农场工作。在田间休息的时候，其他的工人都会打盹，但小Millet会花 时间画画。由此可知，Millel从小就喜欢画画。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解
20、题。根据第三段中 The painter would go out on the farms and watch them carefullydigging, hoeing, spreading manure, sawing wood, or sowing grain. Then he would come home and paint what he had seen.可知画家 会到农场去，看他们仔细地挖土、锄地、撒肥料、锯木头或播种。然后他回到家，把他所看到的画出来。 由此可知，他通过记住他所观察到的来描绘劳动的农民。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 In Millets
21、picture the sower has been working hard, but his swinging step and arm still move smoothly, Hke a machine. Only the man*s head reveals his great tiredness.可知在 Millet 的画中，播 种者一直在努力工作，但他摆动的步伐和手臂仍然流畅地移动，像一台机器。只有这个男人的头部显露出 他极度的疲惫。以及最后一段中 You can see from Millets picture what back-breaking work gleaning
22、must be. 可知从Millet的画中可以看出，拾穗是一项多么累人的工作。由此可推知，Millet的作品传达了农民的艰 辛。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中Millet通过观察劳动的农民来进行作画，以及最后两段描述Millet作品中 农民耕作时现实的形象，由此可推知，Millet的绘画风格是现实主义的。故选D。CThe London Interdisciplinary School （LIS）, scheduled to open in 2021 with a target of admitting 100 students, will abandon traditiona
23、l academic subjects and offer a three year bachelor of arts and sciences degree designed to deal with real-world issues. The curriculum is built around interdisciplinary problemsknife crime, childhood obesity, plastic pollution, among others-as well as quantitative and qualitative research skills. E
24、mployers like the Met Police and Virgin will provide project ideas and offer five -week work experience for students.“Were going to try and create a really transformational educational experience where all the people in the institution are waking up every morning and saying,4How can we take these br
25、illiant young people and give them an amazing learning experience? says Ed Fidoe, a co-founder of the LIS. The idea is similar to a U.S. liberal arts （通识教育）degree but also more specifically focused on multiple subjects economics, psychology, sociology, statistic, etc. to solve complex problems like
26、childhood obesity. In other words, the problem, not the subject, sits at the center of the curriculum. The skills students develop, the founders hope, will more closely come into agreement with what an Al-infused, automated world demands: collaboration（协作）between people and machines, critical thinki
27、ng, speaking and writing skill, and data management, to name just a few things.The challenges of building a new university from scratch are daunling（令人生畏的）：students have to sign up for, and pay for, something untested; all the teachers will have to teach in a totally new and different way; and there
28、s a risk that an interdisciplinary curriculum will be interesting but thin. Fidoe says its a tall order. Are any 17-year-olds going to be crazy enough to come to something that doesnt exist yet against something thats been around for 150 years?” he says.In the U.K, students apply through an admissio
29、ns service center, and exam results are more important than anything else. On the contrary, at the LIS, students will instead apply directly during a pre-detennined “selection day“ where everyone is invited to participate. This day will include a face-to-face interview so that the college can better
30、 understand a students background, motivations, and passions.8. What is the aim of the LIS?A. To provide more and more project ideas for students.B. To take a real-world approach to higher education.C. To help employers to develop the students skills.D. To conduct qualitative and quantitative resear
31、ch.9. Whats special about the curriculum the LIS sets up?A. It is subject-centered.B. It is based on AI technology.C. It centers around social concerns.D. It covers every aspect of society.10. What does the sentence its a tall order, underlined in Para.3 mean?A. Its interesting to teach in a new app
32、roach.B. It,s bound to put the curriculum in order.C. Its exciting to take on new challenges.D. Its hard to build the new university.11. What can we learn about the LIS from the last paragraph?A. It pays more attention to exam results.B. It focuses more on the face-to-face interview.C. It emphasizes
33、 students personal experiences and qualities .D. It stresses the importance of is pre-determined “selection day”.【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一所新的大学：伦敦跨学科学院(LIS)计划于2021年开学，目标是招 收100名学生。该学院将放弃传统学科，提供三年的文学和科学学士学位，旨在解决现实世界的问题，同 时讲述了设立该大学的困难和挑战。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第 1 句内容“The London I
34、nterdisciplinary School (LIS), scheduled to open in 2021 with a target of admitting 100 students, will abandon traditional academic subjects and offer a three year bachelor of arts and sciences degree designed to deal with real-world issues.(这所伦敦跨学科学院(LIS)计划于 2021年开学，目标是招收100名学生。该学院将放弃传统学科，提供三年的文学和科
35、学学士学位，旨在解 决现实世界的问题。)”可知，该大学的目标是教授学生如何解决现实世界的问题。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“The idea is similar to a U.S. liberal arts degree but also more specifically focused on multiple subjects- economics, psychology, sociology , statistic, etc.to solve complex problems like childhood obesity. In other words, the
36、 problem, not the subject, sits at the center of the curriculum/ 这个想法类似 于美国的文科学位，但更具体地侧重于多个学科一一经济学、心理学、社会学、统计学等一一以解决诸如 儿童肥胖等复杂问题。换句话说，课程的中心是问题，而不是学科。)”可知，该大学设立的课程特别之处 在于以诸如儿童肥胖等之类的社会关注问题为中心，并以此为中心侧重于多个学科解决问题。故选C项。 词义猜测题。划线句为对前文的总结。根据前文uThe challenges of building a new university from scratch are dau
37、nting: students have to sign up for, and pay for, something untested; all the teachers will have to teach in a totally new and different way; and theres a risk that an interdisciplinary curriculum will be interesting but thin.（ 从零开 始建设一所新大学的挑战是令人生畏的：学生们必须为未经测试的东西签字并付费；所有的老师都必须以 一种全新的，不同的方式教学；跨学科的课程可
38、能会很有趣，但却很单调。）”可知讲述了建立该大学的困 难之处，因此推知，划线句应是在总结讲述该大学课程的难以实现和实施。选项D Ifs hard to build the new university.符合文意。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容：On the contrary, at the LIS, students will instead apply directly during a pre-determined selection day“ where everyone is invited to participate.This day will inclu
39、de a face-to-face interview so that the college can better understand a students background, motivations, and passions.可矢口,在 LIS, 学生们将在预先确定的“选拔日”直接申请，每个人都被邀请参加，这一天将包括一次面对面的面试，以 便学院能够更好地了解学生的背景、动机和热情。因此可推知，该学校更加强调学生的个人背景和经验。 C 项“It emphasizes students personal experiences and qualities .（它强调学生的个人经历和品
40、质。）”为依据 原文的合理推断。故选C项。【点睛】细节理解题考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类 题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文 章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。比如文章的第1小题：1. What is the aim of the LIS?A. To provide more and more project ideas for students.B. lb take a real-world approach to higher education.C. To help
41、employers to develop the students skills.D. To conduct qualitative and quantitative research.根据题干关键词aim，利用寻读法可定位至文章第一段第1句内容“The London Interdisciplinary School (LIS), scheduled to open in 2021 with a target of admitting 100 students, will abandon traditional academic subjects and offer a three year
42、bachelor of arts and sciences degree designed to deal with real-world issues. “ 可知，“to deal with real-world issues”应是用动词不定式结构表明该学院设立的目的，但选项中并未有原句表达，通过分 析选项，与原文对比可知，选项B To take a real-world approach to higher education将真实世界解决问题 的方法引入高等教育)”与原文表达含义一致。故B项为答案。DInaccessible Island is well named. It is an
43、uninhabited rock in the South Atlantic ocean. Go there, though, and you will find its coast is covered with litter.That has been the experience of Peter Ryan of the University of Cape Town, in South Africa. Since 1984 Dr. Ryan has been visiting Inaccessible, recording the litter stranded on the isla
44、nds beaches. This week, he has published the results.Though Inaccessible is indeed remote, the nature of oceanic circulation means that this is exactly the sort of place where floating rubbish tends to accumulate.Dr. Ryan and his colleagues focused on one particular class of litter: bottles. Their d
45、efinition of a bottle included jars and containers, and things made of metal, glass or polymer. Most, though, were of polyethylene terephthalate , a light plastic.A particular advantage of picking bottles to investigate is that they are often stamped with their country of manufacture. That enabled D
46、r. Ryan to analyze the history of oceanic littering. He analyzed the proportions of bottles from various geographical sources. In 1989 the preponderance (优势)of them (67%) was South American. Twenty years later, in 2009, bottles made in Asia contributed more or less equally (44%) with South American
47、ones (41%). By 2018 the overwhelming (压倒性的)majority (74%) were Asian.This geographical shift speaks volumes. The first sample suggests most litter arriving on Inaccessible had been washed off the land or dropped from coastal shipping South America being a relatively nearby continent. The other two,
48、with their rising proportions of rubbish from Asia, which is too far from the island for it to have floated there, strongly suggest it was crews empties being flung from ships. Such littering is banned - which, ironically, came into force in 1989. But evidently a lot of ships captains do not care. They permit the dumping of rubbish over 第9页共109页the side, regardless.12. What leads to litter gathering on Inaccessible Island?A. The natural phenomenon of ocean currents.B. Too many peoples activities on the island.C. The litters floating around the islan