考研英语阅读模拟3.docx

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1、模拟考研英语阅读模拟221多项选择No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper layer of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small focus for long periods and that differences in temperatur

2、e under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce movements in the upper layer of the earth with rising currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, these movements would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt

3、and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occur along the ridge. This view may be correct； it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents.On the other hand, the theory is unconvincing because t

4、he movements do not normally occur along lines,and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also, it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. This plate is growin

5、g on both sides, and since there is no intermediate trench, the two ridge must be moving apart. An alternative theory is that the sinking part of the plate, which is denser than the hotter surroundings, pulls the rest of plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in t

6、he South Atlantic, where neither the African nor the American plate has a sinking part.Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces motion currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the neighboring

7、 mantle and produces motion currents that move the plates. This last theory is attracttive also because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas. These seas have a typical oceanic floor, except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been si

8、nking for long periods. It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled material on the upper side of the might be the cause of such deep basins. The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth，s surface and seriously require explanation.focus (n.)活动中心conveyor (n.)传送带ridge (n.) ill脊，山脉tre

9、nch (n.)沟，渠mantle (n.)覆盖物sediment (n.)沉淀物，沉积物第1题：Which of the following titles would best describe the content of the text? A.Several Theories of Ocean Basin FormationB.The Traditional View of the OceansC. Motions and Ocean CurrentsD. Temperature Differences among the Oceans参考答案：A答案解析：本文主要论述解释海底盆地成因

10、的几个理论的优缺点。第一段：传统观点对海底盆地成因的解释极其优势；第二段：传统理论观点的不足之处及关于海底盆地成因的解释的另一理论一一地陷论；第三段：关于海底盆地成因的第三个解释。A主旨题。本文三段分别论述关于海底盆地成因的三个理论。故选A oB、C、D都是这三个理论中的部分枝节。第2题：The author refers to a aconveyor beltw (Line 7, Para.1) in order to.A. illustrate the effects of movements in the upper layer of the earthB.show how temper

11、ature differences depend on the positions of the continentsC. describe the complicated motions made possible by the ocean currentsD. account for the rising currents under mid-ocean ridges参考答案：A答案解析：A细节题。第一段第二句主要叙述地壳上层运动，紧跟着的第三句中用传送带来比喻这种运动。故选A。第3题：According to the traditional view of the origin of t

12、he ocean basins, which of the following is sufficient to move the continental plates?A.Spreading of ocean trenches.B. Movements of mid-ocean ridges.C.Sinking of ocean basins.D.Differences in temperature under oceans and continents.参考答案：D答案解析：D细节题。见第一段第二句、第三句“. differences in temperature under oceans

13、 and continents are sufficient to produce movements.Theoretically, these movements would carry the continental plates along.由此，不难看出D是正确答案。第4题：Which of the following, if it could be demonstrated, would most support the traditional view of ocean basin formation?A. The upper mantle of the earth behaves

14、 as a dense solid.B. Movements usually occur along lines.C. Sinking plates cool the surface of the earth.D. The rising motion currents keep exact pace with them.参考答案：B答案解析：B推断题。根据第二段第一句，作者认为传统观点的说服力不足，主要是因为 the movements do not normally occur along lines（运动通常并不沿着基线产生）。如果能演示沿着基线产生则会支持传统观点。第5题：Which o

15、f the following does the author seem to prefer?A. The traditional view of the origin of the ocean basin is thoroughly wrong.B. The temperature of the sinking plate is lower than its surrounding.C. That the earth behaves as a liquid result in many great oceans.D. Neither the African nor the American

16、plate moves according to the alternative theory参考答案：B答案解析：B细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句An alternative theory is that the sinking part of the plate, which is denser than the hotter surrounding, pulls the rest of plate after it”, hotter 一词表明，下沉盆地的温度要比周围的温度低，故选B。A根据第一、二段，作者认为传统观点既有优势,也有不足。C文中未提及。D文中是“. neither the A

17、frican nor the American plate has a sinking part. v （见第二段最后一句）。并不是该项中所说的整个非洲和美洲板块的移动。Beyond the direct financial, there are subtle and more serious burdens resulting from the government，s rules and prohibitions. By the time the Clean Air Act is implemented fully in 2005,its product will reduce the U

18、S，s gross domestic product by more than three percent a year. That is just one regulatory program, albeit the largest.Regulation reduces the degree of competition, flow of innovation, and production of new and better products because so many government agencies have the power, which they frequently

19、exercise, todecide whether or not a Company can enter an industry or a new product go on the market. The biggest obstacles to developing a new biotechnology industry are not financial or technological, they are regulatory.The rising paperwork requirements of government agencies inevitably produce a

20、lengthening regulatory lag. This delay often runs into years and is a costly drain on the productivity of private managers as well as public officials. In 1980, a California land developer could obtain in 90 days what then was called “zoning“ for a residential development. Currently,the typical comp

21、any in that state receives an uentitlement to build“ for one of its developments only after two years or more of intensive work.The benefits of regulation should not be overlooked, though. To the extent that society obtains cleaner air, purer water, safer products, and healthier workplaces, these be

22、nefits are real. The mere presence of a government agency does not guarantee that its worthy objectives will be achieved, though. For example, a steel company was required to install special scrubbing equipment at one of its plants in order to reduce the emission of visible iron oxide dust. The scru

23、bber succeeds in capturing 21.2 pounds an hour of the pollutant. However, the scrubber in run by a large electric motor. In producing the power for that motor, the utility spews out 23 pounds an hour of sulfur and nitrogen oxides and other gaseous pollutants. Thus, even though the company is meeting

24、 government regulations on visible emissions, the air actually is 1.8 pounds an hour dirtier because of the regulatory requirement.The question is not whether regulations produce any benefits, but whether they are worth the costs. That, in turn, leads to consideration of opportunities for improvemen

25、t.in economic activity.implement (vt.)实施(conj.)尽管，虽然paperwork ( n. ) 文drain (n.)损耗zoning (n.)分区(vt.)安装scrub ( vt.)洗涤How can the burdens of regulation be reduced? Start by questioning the traditional justification, which is the notion of market failure. For a variety of reasons - ranging from the ina

26、dequacy of information to the presence of major externalities-private markets are deemed not to work well enough.(A typical externality occurs when a producer upstream discharges pollutants into a river, harming the people who 1 ive downstream.) There is,in contrast, the companion notion of governme

27、nt failure, the tendency for the notion of government failure, the tendency for the public sector to do more harm than good when it intervenesregulatory (adj.)调控的albeit书工作lag ( n.)滞后entitlement (n.)应得的权利installpollutant ( n.)污染物utility (n.)设备spew out 喷出sulfur ( n.)硫磺nitrogen (n.)氮oxide ( n ,)氧化物emis

28、sion ( n.)排放物justification (n.)理由presence (n.)力量externality (n.)夕卜因deem(vt.)认为discharge ( vt.)释放upstream ( adv.)在上游companion (adj.)一对的第6题：The first three paragraphs are intended to tell people .A. the Clean Air Act proves effective though costlyB. the difficulties in developing biotechnologyC. the i

29、nefficiency of government workD. the drawbacks resulted from government? s rules and prohibitions参考答案：D答案解析：本文主要讨论了政府的规章制度带来的好处和弊端。第一段：政府的规章制度的实施有时候会造成负面结果。第二段：政府的规章制度有时候不利于竞争和发明。第三段：繁琐的文件有时候使政治部门的办事效率大减。对企业的发展造成了负面影响。第四段：政府的规章制度带来的好处虽不能忽视，答案最终弊大于利。第五、六段：政府干涉经济时应权衡利弊。D主旨题。By the time the Glean Air A

30、ct is implemented fully in 2005, its impact will reduce the US，s gross domestic product by more than three percent a year.”；uRegulation reduces the degree of competition, flow of innovation, and production of new and better products.“；The rising paperwork requirements of government agencies inevitab

31、ly produce a lengthening regulatory lag.这几句都表明了政府的规章制度带来的不利之处。另外根据文章精点，可知本题答案为D。第7题：The example given by the author in the fourth paragraph .A. is intended to show whether regulations are worthyB. is used to prove the inefficiency of government agenciesC. aims at disclosing the steel company，s evil

32、actionD. tells people the strengths and weaknesses of regulations参考答案：A答案解析：A推断题。第四段前半部分说regulation带来的benefits,接着通过具体的例子来说明其drawbacks: Thus, even though the company is meeting government regulations on visible emissions, the air actually is 1.8 pounds an hour dirtier because of the requirement. n ,说

33、明这种做法划不来。考生可能会选成D,D有对的成分，但本题是通过权衡来说明regulation 的不利之处，指出其strength是来映衬其weakness0第8题：The last paragraph suggests that .A. measures should be taken to reduce costs of regulationB. government agencies should think twice before they intervene in economic activityC. many companies go bankrupt owing to mark

34、et failureD.discharging pollutants into a river deserves public condemnation参考答案：B答案解析：B推断题。最后一段是在总结说明政府在干预经济行为时要三思而后行，故B为正确答案。第9题：We can infer the text the economists .A. think highly of regulationB. urge policymakers to continue their regulatory workC. urge policymakers to protect the consumerD. p

35、ropose an immediate ban on regulation参考答案：C答案解析：C推断题。这篇文章重点谈了政府干预经济带来的负面影响，据此不难推测出经济学家们注重的是保护消费者的利益，故C强调决策者保护消费者。第10题：According to the text, the Clean Air Act .A. should be abolishedB. cannot make the air clean at allC. has great potential impactD. is strongly opposed by industrial sectors参考答案：C答窠解析

36、：C推断题。文章第一段指出空气洁净法令可能会造成负面影响，故C“具有重大的潜在影响”为正确答案。For the past 20 years, scientists have been investigating a possible link between rare ailments, such as childhood leukaemia and certain adult cancers, and exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), either through living at close quarters to electricity

37、 lines or working alongside them at electrical utilities. Several large studies carried out in Scandinavia, America, Canada and Britain have, on the whole, concluded that there is little risk of cancer associated with EMF exposure. But shortcomings in some of their methods and a lack of agreement be

38、tween their results, have kept the debate electrified.This week, a group of British researchers advising the government，s National RadiologicaWhich of the following is TRUE of the British study?A. It is a completely new study, independent of the previous studies.B. It offers a completely different c

39、onclusion than did the previous studies.C. It draws heavily on the previously conducted studies.D. It sheds no new light whatsoever on the connection between EMF and cancer.参考答案：c答案解析：这是一道细节题。题干中的信号词为“British study”，出自于文章第二段第一句话中。文章第二段指出：一组英国研究人员建议政府支持他们评估EMF的危险;在查阅了大量已出版的有关此课题的传染病和实验室研究后，在考虑了这些研究的各

40、种的缺陷和倾向后，咨询小组同意流行的观点-EMF暴露与人类癌症之间的联系不牢固；小组成员几乎没有发现有说服力的证据表明这种持久的职业暴露与成人的白血病或脑部癌症之间有什么联系。这说明：英国人所做的研究主要以先前的研究为基础。C 项中说It draws heavily on the previously conducted studiesw ,这与文章的意思相符。A项和B项两项之意明显与文章的意思不符; D项之意与第二段最后一句话的意思不符。第12题:The fact that prolonged residential exposure to relatively strong magneti

41、c fields of greater than 0.4 microteslas may increase the risk of a child developing leukemia is not so frightening in detail becauseA. the study lacks hard evidence to prove the link.B. people who are exposed to the magnetic fields with a strength of 0.4 microteslas or more is only a small fraction

42、 of the countrys population.C. the number of children who are exposed to the magnetic fields with a strength of 0.4 microteslas or more is negligible.D. the number of cases of leukemia attributable to exposure to the magnetic fields with a strength of 0.4 microteslas or more is very small.参考答案：D答案解析

43、：长时间暴露于住所的强磁场中可能增加儿童患白血病的风险，这一事实并不怎么令人震惊，因为A该研究缺乏有力的证据证明两者之间的联系。B那些暴露于零点四微特斯拉或更强磁场中的人，只占全国总人口的一小部分。C那些暴露于零点四微特斯拉或更强磁场中的儿童人量微不足道。D那些因暴露于零点四微特斯拉或更强磁场中而患白血病的例子很少。答案D这是一道细节题。题干中的信号词为the risk of a child developing leukemia,出自于文章第二段最后一句话中。文章第二段最后一句话指出：咨询小组确实注意到，在住所长时间暴露于相对强的、大于零点四微特斯拉的磁场中会使儿童患白血病的风险加倍；第三段

44、指出：表面上这听起来可能吓人，但详细说来就不怎么吓人了；英国人的研究估计，大约三十万人（占全国人口的百分之零点五）暴露在零点四微特斯拉或更强的磁场中；所以相当多的英国儿童陷入这种风险中；儿童白血病是一种不常见的疾病，每年在英国被报道的只有五百例；研究人员估计，暴露在强磁场中可能与每年新增的两例白血病有关。这说明：暴露于零点四微特斯拉或更强磁场中而患白血病的人并不多。D项中说“the number of cases of leukemia attributable to exposure to the magnetic fields with a strength of 0.4 microtes

45、las or more is very small”,这与文章的意思相符。A项之意明显与文章的意思不符；文中没有说明B项之意同患儿童白血病的人少有什么关系；C项之意与文章第三段第四句话的意思不符。第13题：The author quotes Anthony Swerdlow （Para.4） in order toA. provide proof for the statement made in the last sentence of the previous paragraph.B. qualify the statement made in the last sentence of t

46、he previous paragraph.C. contradict the statement made in the last sentence of the previous paragraph.D. draw a conclusion based on the statement made in the last sentence of the previous paragraph.参考答案：B答案解析：作者引用安东尼索得洛这个例子（第四段）是为了A为上一段最后一句话的陈述提供证据。B限定上一段最后一句话的陈述。C反驳上一段最后一句话的陈述。D以上一段最后一句话的陈述为基础作总结。答

47、案B这是一道结构题。题干中的信号词为Anthony Swerdlow,出自于文章第四段第一句话中。文章第三段最后一句话指出：研究人员估计，暴露在强磁场中可能与每年新增的两例白血病有关；第四段接着指出：但是伦敦癌症研究所的传染病研究学家安东尼索得洛尖锐指出-即使EMF与儿童白血病有关，但那并不意味着白血病是因EMF引起的；因为人们已经知道，EMF没有直接改变DNA这说明：作者引用安东尼索得洛这个例子是为了限定上一段最后一句话所陈述的事实。B 项中说“qualify the statement made in the last sentence of the previous paragraph”

48、,这与作者的意图相符。A项和D项两项之意显然不是作者的意图；安东尼索得洛也认为EMF与儿童白血病有关，所以C项之意也不是作者的意图。第14题:What does the phrase “pin down(Para.5) mean?A. Make clear.B. Make informed.C. Make famous.D. Make interesting.参考答案：A答案解析：短语“pin down”(第五段)的意思是什么？A使清楚。B使知晓。C使闻名。D使有趣。答案A这是一道词义题。题干中的信号词出自于文章第五段第一句话中。文章第五段指出:EMF可能与另一种致癌媒介物一起作用，但因为有无数的可疑因素潜藏于现实世界，所以很难在以人为本的研究中解释清楚这些因素；在实验室可能更容易揭示这种致癌的协同作用，但是没有足够的儿童白血病的动物实例可用来检测这种假设。这说明：该短语的意思应该是“解释清楚”