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1、小升初英语语法-分类汇总大全小学英语语法大全一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）二、人称代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、数词七、形容词和副词八、there be结构九、句式1 .肯定句2 .否定句3疑问句4 .祈使句十、时态：1.2.3.4.一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时一般将来时十一、“wh”的特殊疑问句一、名词个体名词（普通名词-（具体名词集体名词名-I专有名词词抽象名词名词的数英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式1）单数（表示一个人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数） 只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词复数形式的构成形式变化规则发音例词Ni一般情况S1 .清辅音结尾的名词后S2 .浊辅音结尾的名
2、词后z；3 .元音结尾的名词后z;books, cups, cdtA dogs, birds, arfL days, players ，以-s,7h,-ch,-、，结尾的名词+esizbus, brush, boxes, watch,L大多数以-。结尾的名词+esztomatoes,1potatoes以元音字母加。结尾的名词szradios, pianos以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词把y改成i再加eszstories, families, babies以f和fe结尾的大多数名词把f或fe改成v再加esZthieves, knives 1 .由元音字母的变化构成：man-men, tooth-te
3、eth, foot-feet,mouse-mice, woman-women2 .有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样： sheep, deer, fish（但也可以是fishes）3 .有些名词变成复数时加-en：child-children, ox-oxen不规则名词的复数1. peach peaches3. glass glasses 5. lady ladies7. house houses9. monkey monkeys .11. rose roses13. judge judges2. zoo zoos4. fox foxos 6. po I i c e wo man police
4、women8. photo photos10. wife wives12. path paths14. map maps人称代词第二人称第一人称第三人称主格后跟名词theirsours形容词性 物主代词:名词性 物主代词能够在句子中独立作 主语、宾语或表语Practise1. He （他）is my brother.2.1 had a letter from her（她）.3. Its all right; it s only me （我）.4. Today we（我们）went in our（我们的）car；tomorrow weff J） are going in theirs （他们的）
5、.5. （我）lend my 俄的）books gladly to my（我的）friends阳MNo（你的）.6. Can you help me （我）with my 俄的）English.7. When you （你）go to see your （你的）father, please take these books to him （他）.8. They （他们）found it （它）difficult to learn German.蕾双重所有格bottom of the当。f短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时behind东西的一部分抽象的概念：1所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加s以
6、s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加不规则的复数人称名词末尾加： childrens以结尾的复数人称名词末尾加以s结尾的一些人名末尾加S下列情况一般用“of”结构：1.东西（没有现成的复合名词时）：the book of the filmgirls-girls, James-Jamesschild-childs waitress-waitresss children-s结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如：a friend of my fathers ,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：this son of mine, a friend of yours, a cousin of
7、hers等等.Isnt Frank a friend of yours?That silly uncle of Toms has told me the same Joke five times.不定冠词q,an单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词名词前可不用冠词不定冠词的用法：1 .表示“一”，“任何一个”或“不管哪一个”的意思.I have a sister and two brothers.2 .在某些度量表示法中：We have PE lessons three times a week.3 .用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。George wants to be a
8、n engineer.4 .在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。What a pretty girl!5 .一些常用短语中。have a good time, half an hour, have a headache.定冠词的用法:1 .用来表示“独一无二”的意思。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2 .表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”.There is a boat in the river. The boat is made of wood.3 .用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前.the letter from
9、America, the fourteenth of April4 .用在泛指的乐器名词前。He plays the piano.5 .一些常用短语.e way, in the morning. Whats the matter?零冠词的用法：1 .泛指的抽象名词前。Life is very hard for some pc叩2 .泛指的物质名词前.Water is very useful.3 .泛指的复数名词前。Books are my best friends.4 .泛指的“餐”名前.Come to have dinner/breakfast with me.5 .大多数的专有名词前。He
10、 comes from France.6 .语言的名词前。She can speak French.7 .在季节和节日的名词前。Winter is the best time for skating.8 .当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。My brother is a soldier.9 .在体育项目的名词前。play basketball10 .-一些常用短语。at home, go to school, at nightPractisetheQHShe teache theprimary school,anatheThepeople are great people 。 university
11、teacher. She is GH honest woman.Nc th_b was, werebeenPractisevery good at Englishto Japan?not a nurse. I work as q doctor.Have you everWhat WC1S the date yesterday?My father and I dr， going to Beijing next mo you on duty the day before yesterday?AAr. King WKS in London two weeks ago.There dPC many k
12、inds of animals in the zoo.动词的基本形式原形第三人称单数现在式过去式过去分词现在分词studystudiesstudiedstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhaving1 earnlearnslearned /learntlearned /learntlearning第三人称单数现在式情况变化规则例词一般情况+Sworks, learns, eats, needs,says结尾为 s,x,sh,ch,o*espasses, washes, teaches, goes, fixes结尾为辅音字母+y变y为 i+
13、cscarries, studies, flies, hurries, cries动词be和have的第三人称单数现在式分别是is和has。动词的过去式构成例词读音在动词后加。d在以e结尾的动词后加ed在以辅音字母加 y结尾的动词后，先变y为i再加ed在重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，须双写这个辅音字母再加ed在清辅音后读tlooked washed passedhoped likedstopped dropped在元音和浊辅音后读dstayed calledlivedstudied tried carriedplanned preferred在辅音t、d后读idtasted
14、neededadmitted permitted现在分词情况变化规则例词一般情况ingdoing, asking, helping以不发音的e结尾的动词去e力口 inghaving, taking, writing, living以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ingrunning, swimming, putting, sitting原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词havehashadhavinggivegivesgavegivinggetqetsgotgettingreadreadsreadreadingsweepsweepssweptsweepi
15、naplayf plays playedplayingcarrycarriescarriedcarrying五、动词的时态小学阶段所学的时态有:动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式.1 .一般现在时：work/works2 .现在进行时：am/is/are working3 .一般过去时：worked4 .一般将来时：am/is/are going to work般现在时基本结构通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态。常与时间副词连用：always, often, usually, every -, on Sundays, twice a week等。肯定句否
16、定句一般疑问句I work.We work.I dont work.We dont work.bo I work?bo we work?You work.You dont work.bo you work?They work.They dont work.Do they work?SheHeworks.SheHe doesnt work.Itf sheDoes he -work*现在进行时基本结构listen 等。通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：肯定句否定句一般疑问句I am working.We are w
17、orking.I*m not working.Were not working.Am I working?Are we working?You are working.You arent working.Are you working?They are working.They arent working.Are they working?,She Heis king. ItSheHe | isnt working.ItsheIs I he working/ it一般过去时基本结构通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday
18、 lastago, just now, in 1$98等.肯定句否定句一般疑问句|I worked.We worked.I didnt work.We didnt work.bid I work?Nbid we work? JYou worked.You didnt work.Did you work?1They worked.They didnt work.Did they work?1SheSheHe didnt work.It Jshe Did he workd it J般将来时基本结构表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow,next.Be going
19、 to do表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事：也可以表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况.肯定句否定句一般疑问句Im going to work.We re going to work.Im not going to work.We arent going to work.Am I going to work?Are we going to work?Youre going to work.You arent going to work.Are you going to work?Theyre going to work.They arent going to wor
20、k.Are they going to work?SheHeIta is going to work.She、He isnt going to work.ItJsheIs . he . going to work? itPractise1. Peter plcyg (play) basketball twice a week.2. bo you believe what he Said (say) just now?3. Look! The lazy cat is sleeping (sleep) in the sofa.4. There is (be) a book and two pens
21、 on the desk.5. Are you going t。see (see ) a film tomorrow morning?6. She ivnt pleying (not play) the guitar at the moment.7. What does his father usually do (do) in the evening ?8. Theyare going to haver have ) a meeting next week, arent they?9. Both he and I are (be) teachers.1. .1 didnt feel (not
22、 feel) very well yesterday .11. He put on his coat and went (go) out.12. Lei Feng often helps(help) others and he was helpful.13. Next Sunday, we are going to clean (clean) up the park.14. Hurry! Your mother is waitinq (wait) for you at the school gate.六、介词介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词（
23、或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。方位介时间介同时Practise1. Look Gt the picture. Its picture of my school.2. There is a school building in my school. It has five floors. Near the school building, there is a big playground.After schooI, the children always play ball games there.3. My classroom is on t
24、he fifth floor. Its big and clean.4. Miss Li is our class teacher. She comes to school early every morning. She comes by bicycle. Then she does morning exercises with us. She likes sports. Tomorrow is her birthday. We will make a card for her. We love her very much.5. There are some apples on the tr
25、ee.6. -Wheres your study?-Its next 6o my bedroom.7. The car under the tree is Jacks.8. The ball is behind the door, so you cant see it.9. 工n front of the house, there are many trees.10. Listen! Someone is knocking Gt the door.11. There is something wrong with my computer-.一 L七、数词1 .表示数目的词称为基数词2 .表示数
26、目顺序的词称为序数词1.1-12的基数词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twel 1319的基数词：-teenthirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen20-90的基数词：-tytwenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety2129的基数：十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty
27、-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-ninethirty-nine, forty-eight, fifty-seven.?辞薪:百位数和十位数之间加and。one hundred, two hundred, three hundred, four hundred.five hundred and eight-six, six hundred and ninety-nine, seven hundred and eight, eight hundred and one3.
28、千位数：one thousand, four thousand, seven thousand one hundred and five英语中没有“X”这个单位，所以常用 thousand来表示。ten thousand, thirty thousand, fifteen thousand one hundred, five hundred and one thousand four hundred and thirty-twoone hundredth, one thousandth 主意：序数词前的。ne不能用a代替。one hundred and twenty-first1.英语序数词第
29、119除了first, second与third有特殊形式外，其余的都由 ，数词加后缀th构成。注意：fifth, eighth, ninth和twelfth的拼法.2.十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变为i 然后加后缀-eth,如：twentytwentieth, forty-fortieth3.十位数的序数词如果含有1-9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序 数词，中间用连字符.如：twenty-fourth, ninety-fifth4.百、千、万等的序数词由hundred, thousand, million等加-th,前面加有 关的基数词构成.如：Pr
30、actise1. There are C days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and sixty-five b. three hundred and sixty five2. people visit this museum every day.A. HundredB. HundredsC. Hundred ofb. Hundreds of3. There are two A people in the meeting room.A. hundr
31、edB.hundredsC. hundreds ofb. hundred of4. A trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of5. My brother is in B .A. Three Class, One GradeB. Class Three, Grade OneC. Grade One, Class Threeb. class three, grade one6. We ar
32、e going to leorn H this term.A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six7. We can say the number 78,645 in English like this C .A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-fiveB. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty fiveC. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five b.
33、seventy eight thousandJ8. The year 1999 should be read The year B nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nineC. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nineD. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine9. He will come here R tomorrow morning.A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth10. Every day he begin
34、s to do his homework A .A. at ten past sevenB. at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventhD. until ten11. We all like the B boy.A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten12. There are P months in a year. December is the month of th(year.A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twe
35、lfth; twelve D. twelve; twelvetl13. During B century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth D. the twenty14. Jenny was born A .A. on July 10,1987B. in July 10,1987C. in 1987, July 10b. on 1987, July 10八、形容词和副词方式副词:2 .地点副词:3 .时间副词:4 .程度副词:carefully
36、, quickly, suddenly. here, there, up, down.yesterday, today, now.very, quite, much, just.副标信用莱核饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。1 .The problem is very difficult.2 . He wrote the letters carefully形容词和副词的比较级和最高级情况比较级最高级一般情况+er,如：taller, longer, faster, sooner+est,如：tallest, longest, fastest, soonest以e结尾的词+r,如：later
37、, nicer, larger+st,如：latest, nicest, largest以重读闭音节结尾的词双写最后一个字母，再+er,如：bigger, fatter双写最后一个字母，再+est,如：biggest, fattest以辅音字母加y 结尾的词把y改为i再+er,如： busier, earlier把y改为i再+est,如：busiest, earliest大部分多音节词在前面加more,如： more careful, more wonderfully在前面加most,如:most careful, most wonderfully不规则的词： good/well, many/
38、much, farbetter more farther/furtherbest most farthest/further比较级的用法1 .用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示“比更一些”的意思，通常用一个由从属连词than引导的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：Helen is faller than Lucy.)He got more information than I did.|He runs fast than I.12 .如果我们要说两个东西在某一方面是一样的，我们就可以用“as形容词/副词+as”，形容词不用比较级而用原级。在作否定比较时,可以
39、用not as.as., not so.as.,也可以用 less than，如：Jimmy is as tall a$ his father.I don,t write wll as Helen._* wr . IThis film is less interesting than that one.Our country gets more and more beautiful.Computers are getting small and smdkr, and computing faster and faster.The higher the mountain is, the thin
40、ner the air is.The arlier you start, th sooner you will be bock.比较级的用法3 .为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用“双重比较”的方法，这种结构后面不可跟than引导的比较状语从句。如：He is crying harder 0nd hordw*.4 .表示两个变化是一起发生的，可以把比较级形式和the一起用，表示“越，就越”的意思。如：Practise*T*4/1. Shanghai is larger than Beijing. It is the largest city in our country,(large)2. B
41、ill isnt as。1& as Mike. Tom is older than Mike. Who isthe oldest of the three boys?(old)3. Mary draws as well as Bill, and she is much better than him at singing,(well, good)4. Spring is coming. The weather is getting warmer and warmer .(warm)；5. Tom, Jon and I bought a computer each last week. Johns computer is much more expensive than Toms and mine. It isthe most expensive of the three,(expensive)6. It is a little wetter today t