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1、历年天津大学考博英语真题Direction ： Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read four times. During the first reading the passage will be read at normal speed and you are supposed to listen only and try to have a general understanding of it. For the second and third readings the passage
2、will be read sentence by sentence or phrase by phase with an interval of 12-15 seconds in between for writing. The last reading will be done at the normal speed again for you to check up. II Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Directions ： There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence
3、there are four choices marked A , B, C, and D. Circle the one that best completes the sentence.1. It was very kind of you to get me something for my birthday, but youme such an expensive present.A didn t need buying B needn, t buy C needn * t have bought D hadn, t needed to buy2. Theof a cultural ph
4、enomenon is usually a logical consequence of somephysical aspect in the life style of the people.A manifestation B implementation C expedition D demonstration3. He is holding a position in the company and expects to be promotedsoon.A subordinate B succeeding C successive D subsequent4. In American u
5、niversities , classes are often arranged in more flexible and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.A scales B ranks C grades D patterns5. The government gave a very explanation of its plan for economic development.A comprehensive B compound C considerable D complacent6. In myopinion , you c
6、an widen the of these improvements through your active participation.A dimension B volume C magnitude D scope7. No Tobacco Dayis the day when the world Health Organization to people to stop using tobacco products.A asks B applies C appeals D urges8. The dentist s confident manner me that I was in sa
7、fe hands.A insured B assured C ensured D secured9. We prefer that the plan before being put into execution.A be fully discussed B must be fully discussed C will be fully discussed D is fully discussed10. The sound of footsteps on the bare floor the downstairs neighbors.A disturbed B interrupted C an
8、noyed D irritated11. 1 asked him for a job the impression that he was the head of the firm,but he wasn * t.A with B under C in D of12. It *s no good remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.A trying to B try to C to try to D tried to13. The dictator relied on abuse of i
9、ts opponents on sounding reasoning.A more than B rather than C other than D better than14. To makethe best and the most efficient of your time and to achieve your goals , start each day by your agenda.A holding on B making out C keeping on D taking down15. Once the question is put , we know try to o
10、btain the answer.A to proceed in direction to B where direction proceed to C in which direction to proceed to D which direction proceed toward16. During the opera s most famous aria , the tempo chosen by the orchestra s conductor seemed ， without necessary relation to what had gone before A tedious
11、B melodious C capricious D moderation17. It is time the nations of the world a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.A would call B call C called D will call18. When the drops were placed in the patient s eyes , his pupils became .A dilated B smaller C irritated D sensible19. To visit zoos that
12、 simulate the natural habitats of animals of great interest to zoologists.A are B be C were D is20. Mr. Smith with the government for thirty-seven years by the time he retires.A will work B will have worked C will be working D will have been workedI Sentence Transformation (20%)Directions ： Rewrite
13、each of the following sentences by using the word (s) below it so that each new sentence means roughly the same as the original one.In some instances it maybe necessary to change the tense of the given word (s)。1. He is warm-hearted , but this doesn * t mean that he is bright.(follow )2. The manager
14、 has asked me to consider this proposal carefully,(consideration )3. The garden is too small for a swimming pool.(room)4. Increasing the tax on household goods is bound to cause trouble. It sasking5. The museum is closed this afternoon. There is6. Don t touch those wires in any circumstances. Under7
15、. The small number of potential buyers does not provide a sufficiently large market for this kind of apparatus.(enough)1.1 was finally able to convince him of its value. I finally succeeded9. Film makers understandably lose much of their interest in the genre.(appeal to )10. Not all of the people li
16、ke this movie.(popular)V Cloze (10%)Directions ： Read through the following passage and then decide which of the choices given below could correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Circle the correct choice for each blank.An interesting theory in economics is 1 by theHe
17、ad Manof a small mountaintribe. If seems that this tribe was very good at making straw mats that had great sales 2 in the 3 market. The representative of an American companywent to visit the tribe and tried to make a good business deal. He 4 to the Head Man and 5 that his company would like to 6 sev
18、eral thousand pieces.Undoubtedly ， he said , the business 7 would be 8 to the tribe. After some thoughts , the Head Man 9, but announced that the price per piece would be 10 in such a 11 order than it would be if 12 a small order were placed. The representative was 13 than a little shocked 14 the bu
19、siness sense of the Head Man 15 insisted that the price should be 16 because of the large volume, and17 not higher.No , replied the head of the tribe 18.But why not?asked theAmerican.Because 19 is so tiresome to make the 20 article over and over, answered the Head Man.1. A. illustrated B. appreciate
20、d C. demonstrated D. anticipated 2. A. capacity B. potential C. ability D. fortune 3. A. straw B. global C. world D. earth 4. A. addressed B. spoke C. asked D. told 5. A. declared B. confirmed C. demanded D. gestured 6. A. order B. sell C. dispose D. make 7. A. treaty B. pact C. matter D. deal 8. A.
21、 effective B. efficient C. valuable D. profitable 9. A. agreed B. accepted C. refused D. received 10. A. lower B. higher C. expensive D. cheaper 11. A. small B. big C. vast D. high 12. A. certainly B. really C. only D. simply 13. A. greater B. stronger C. less D. more 14. A. from B. of C. at D. sinc
22、e 15. A. who B. and C. then D. therefore 16. A. lower B. higher C. little D. raised 17. A. never B. really C. certainly D. yet 18. A. weakly B. happily C. stubbornly D.hesitatingly19. A. heB. it C. what D. work 20. A. similarB. beautiful C. alike D. sameV Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions ： In t
23、his part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements ， each with four suggested answers marked A), B), C) and D) o Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.1) A report consistently brought back by visitors to the USis howfriendlycourteous , and helpful most Amer
24、icans were to them. To be fair , this observation is also frequently madeof Canada and Canadians， and should best be considered North American. There are ， of course , exceptions. Small-minded officials , rude waiters ， and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observa
25、tion made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many partsof the country , a travelerwasa welcome brak in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers
26、were welcome sources of diversion, and brought newsof the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone , if hungry , injured , or ill , often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of
27、choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life： if you didn t take in the strangerand take care of him, there was no one else who would , And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many chari
28、table organizations that specialized in helpingthe weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US , especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails.I was just traveling through, got talking with thisAmerican , and pretty
29、 soon he invited me home for dinner - amazing.Such observations reported by visitors to the USare not uncommon but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of ahistorically develope
30、d cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society , in America a complex set of cultural signals , assumptions ， and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And of course , speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visito
31、rswho failtotranslateculturalmeanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example , when an American uses the wordfriend , the cultural implications of the word maybe quite different from those it has in the visitor s language and culture. It takes more thana brief encounter on a bus to disti
32、nguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.1. The wordobservationin the first paragraph most probably means A attention.B watchfulness.C survey D opinion.2. People in front
33、ier settlements used to entertain travelers because these strangers would.A bring good news from outside world.B help locals solve their problems.C bring a change to the life in the settlements.D requires a different definition.3. Nowadays the tradition of friendliness to strangers.A is still prevai
34、ling.B can rarely be seen C is wading fast D requires a different definition4. According to the passage ， which of the following is true?考博网编辑 A People are still fond of traveling to remote places.B Foreign travelers now keep away from busy tourist trails.C There is no charitable organization in sma
35、ll cities.D Foreign visitors to the US have trouble understanding American s friendliness.5. From the last paragraph of the passage we have learned thatA the ability of speaking a foreign language implies a better understanding of its culture.B various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among f
36、riends.C culture exercises a great influence on social interrelationships.D courteous convention and individual interest are closely interrelated.考博网编辑 2) It is well known that when an individual joins a group he tends to accept the group s standards of behavior and thinking. He is expected to behav
37、e in accordance with these norms-in other words the group expects him to conform.Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life, but what is ofparticular interest to psychologists is the extent to which people s judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure.In a t
38、ypical experiment , the experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group that is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore , aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are collaborating with th
39、e experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card, one is shorter and onethe same length. They have to say which line on the second card is
40、 the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. The volunteer sees that the other members of the group unanimously choose a line which is obviously not the
41、same length as the one on the standard card.Whenit is his turn to answer he is faced with the unanimous opinion of the group all the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will he do ? According to Asch , more than half of the victims chosen will change their opi
42、nion. What is equally surprising is that, wheninterviewed about their answers， most explained that they knew the group choice was incorrect but that they yielded to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion.6. Psychologists are interested in .A ho
43、w far group pressure can influence people s judgments.B how to make judgments according to everyday experience.C how to change people s judgments.D the group *s standards of social behaviour.7. In the experiment. Who have been told to pick the wrong line?A The victims.B The volunteer.C The experimen
44、ter.D The other members.8. In what circumstances do most people yield to pressure?A When the group is separated.B When the group is unanimous.C When they know they are the victims.D When they are forced to answer questions.9. The experiments demonstrate that.A nearly every individual will behave dif
45、ferently from others B group pressure is caused by the interference of the psychologists.C psychologists wish to change the people s judgments and opinions.D people will change their ideas under group pressure.10. The best title of this passage would be.AA Typical Experiment.BAre We Afraid to be Dif
46、ferent ?CThe Group s Standards of Behavior and Thinking.DDose an Individual Need to Follow a Group s Standards ?3) The single business of Henry Thoreau , during forty-old years of eager activity was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life .His one concern , that gave to his ra
47、mblings in Concord fields a value of high adventure , was to explore the true meaning of wealth .As he understood theproblem of economics , there three possible solutions open to him ： to exploit himself ， to exploit his fellows , or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator .The first was qui
48、te impossible - to imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure .To exploit ones fellows seemedto Thoreau s sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity .Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being,and he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living