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1、2014年天津大学考博英语真题Part I. Listening Comprehension (10 %)Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a
2、pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman. B) He has difficulty understanding
3、the book. C) He cannot get access to the assigned book. D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.2. A) She will drive the man to the supermarket. B) The man should buy a car of his own. C) The man neednt go shopping every week. D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.Part IV Ba
4、nked Cloze (10 %)Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once. You have seen a friend succeed. No doubt you feel joy at this.You love your friend,and maybe you even helped him accomplish his go
5、al. _1_, there is another feeling, a dark feeling, within you. You begin to wish that it was you who was enjoying success, and you begin to even dislike your friend. At first this envious feeling starts off like a tiny seed. But then, like a seed, it grows. It threatens to _2_ you.Of course you feel
6、 bad about your feelings, as they have become a(n) _3_ to your friendship. Still, there doesnt seem to be anything that you can do. Facing your friend invariably leads to more _4_ between you. Avoiding him just seems to _5_ the gulf between you.Instead of feeling _6_ about your envy or hating your f
7、riend, you should take a different _7_. Use your friends success as a challenge. He has succeeded. This means that you can succeed as well. By thingking this way, you are _8_ your feelings and redirecting them into a course of action that wont ruin your friendship.Remember that friendships can _9_ f
8、riendly competitiion. You cannot, however, maintain your friendship if you _10_ envy.A) approachB) goalC) tensionD) harborE) remainF) surviveG) harnessingH) widenI) overwhelmJ) overtakeK) establishL) stillM) guiltyN) responsibleO) handicapPart III. Reading Comprehension (40%)Part A. Directions: In t
9、his part there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.（1）Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US
10、 is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are h
11、ardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived di
12、stant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest
13、 cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in t
14、he same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling throu
15、gh, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial
16、, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone unde
17、rstands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It ta
18、kes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.1、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, _.A. rude taxi drivers are rar
19、ely seen in the USB) small-minded officials deserve a serious commentC) Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD. most Americans are ready to offer help2、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _.A) culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB) courteous conventio
20、n and individual interest are interrelatedC) various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD) social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions3、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers _.A) to improve their hard lifeB) in view of their long-d
21、istance travelC) to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD) out of a charitable impulse4、The tradition of hospitality to strangers _.A) tends to be superficial and artificialB) is generally well kept up in the united StatesC) is always understood properlyD) has something to do with the busy touris
22、t trails5、Whats the authors attitudes toward the Americans friendliness?A) Favorable.B) Unfavorable.C) Indifferent.D) Neutral.Part BDirections: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-H to fit into each of the number
23、ed gaps. There are three extra choices, which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10%)From her vantage point she watched the main doors swing open and the first arrivals pour in. Those who had been at the head of the line paused momentarily on entry, looked around curiously
24、, then quickly moved forward as others behind pressed in. Within moments the central public area of the big branch bank was filled with a chattering, noisy crowd. The building, relatively quiet less than a minute earlier, had become a Babel. Edwina saw a tall heavyset black man wave some dollar bill
25、s and declare loudly, I want to put my money in the bank.1.It seemed as if the report about everyone having come to open an account had been accurate after all. Edwina could see the big man leaning back expansively, still holding his dollar bills. His voice cut across the noise of other conversation
26、s and she heard him proclaim, Im in no hurry. Theres something Id like you to explain.Two other desks were quickly manned by other clerks. With equal speed, long wide lines of people formed in front of them. Normally, three members of staff were ample to handle new account business, but obviously we
27、re inadequate now. Edwina could see Tottenhoe on the far side of the bank and called him on the intercom. She instructed, Use more desks for new account and take all the staff you can spare to man them.2. Tottenhoe grumbled in reply, You realize we cant possibly process all these people today, and h
28、owever many we do will tie us up completely.I ve an idea, Edwina said, thats what someone has in mind. Just hurry the processing all you can. 3.First, an application form called for details of residence, employment, social security, and family matters. A specimen signature was obtained. Then proof o
29、f identity was needed. After that, the new accounts clerk would take all documents to an officer of the bank for approval and initialing. Finally, a savings passbook was made out or a temporary checkbook issued. Therefore the most new accounts that any bank employee could open in an hour were five,
30、so the three clerks presently working might handle a total of ninety in one business day, if they kept going at top speed, which was unlikely. 4.Still the noise within the bank increased. It had become an uproar. A further problem was that the growing mass of arrivals in the central public area of t
31、he bank was preventing access to tellers counters by other customers. Edwina could see a few of them outside, regarding the milling scene with consternation. While she watched, several gave up and walked away. Inside the bank some of the newcomers were engaging tellers in conversation and the teller
32、s, having nothing else to do because of the melee, chatted back. Two assistant managers had gone to the central floor area and were trying to regulate the flood of people so as to clear some space at counters. They were having small success.5.She decided it was time for her own intervention. Edwina
33、left the platform and a railed-off staff area and, with difficulty, made her way through the milling crowd to the main front door. A. Yet she knew however much they hurried it would still take ten to fifteen minutes to open any single new account. It always did. The paperwork required that time. B.
34、But still no hostility was evident. Everyone in the now jam-packed bank who was spoken to by members of the staff answered politely and with a smile. It seemed, Edwina thought, as if all who were here had been briefed to be on best behavior. C. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in jo
35、b criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.D. Even leaning close to the intercom, it was hard to hear above the noise. E. Even tripling ate present complement of clerks would permit very few more than two hundred and fifty acc
36、ounts (o be opened in a day, yet already, in the first few minutes of business, the bank was crammed with at least four hundred people, with still more flooding in, and the line outside, which Edwina rose to check, appeared as long as ever. F. Obviously someone had alerted the press in advance, whic
37、h explained the presence of the TV camera crew outside. Edwina wondered who had done it.G. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.H. A security guard directed him, Over there for ne
38、w accounts. The guard pointed to a desk where a clerk - a young girl - sat waiting. She appeared nervous. The big man walked toward her, smiled reassuringly, and sat down. Immediately a press of others moved into a ragged line behind him, waiting for their turn.Part IV Translation (20%)Directions: R
39、ead the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on the ANSWER SHEET. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the suns rays to enter bu
40、t prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3 warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level sev
41、eral metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earths chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has
42、 concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place
43、in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the nor
44、thern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astron
45、omers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considera
46、ble effect on the distribution of the earths atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather
47、interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while t
48、he solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earths climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the suns diminishing heat. Part V. Writing (20%)Directions: People are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have