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1、2014 年天津大学考博英语真题Part I. Listening Comprehension (10 %)Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end ofeach conversation, aquestion willbe askedabout what was said.Boththeconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question therewill be a pause.
2、During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C)and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.B) He has difficulty understanding the book.C
3、) He cannot get access to the assigned book.D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.2. A) She will drive the man to the supermarket.B) The man should buy a car of his own.C) The man neednt go shopping every week.D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.Part IV Banked Cloze (10
4、%)Directions:Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable wordsfrom the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.You have seen a friend succeed. No doubt you feel joy at this.You love yourfriend,and maybe you even helped him accomplish his goal. _1_, there isan
5、other feeling, a dark feeling, within you. You begin to wish that it was you whowas enjoying success, and you begin to even dislike your friend. At first thisenvious feeling starts off like a tiny seed. But then, like a seed, it grows. Itthreatens to _2_ you.Of course you feel bad about your feeling
6、s, as they have become a(n) _3_to your friendship. Still, there doesnt seem to be anything that you can do. Facingyour friend invariably leads to more _4_ between you. Avoiding him just seemsto _5_ the gulf between you.Instead of feeling _6_ about your envy or hating your friend, you shouldtake a di
7、fferent _7_. Use your friends success as a challenge. He has succeeded.This means that you can succeed as well. By thingking this way, you are _8_your feelings and redirecting them into a course of action that wont ruin yourfriendship.Remember that friendships can _9_ friendly competitiion. You cann
8、ot,however, maintain your friendship if you _10_ envy.A) approachB) goalC) tensionD) harborE) remainF) surviveG) harnessingH) widenI) overwhelmJ) overtakeK) establishL) stillM) guiltyN) responsibleO) handicapPart III. Reading Comprehension (40%)Part A.Directions:In this part there are three passages
9、 followed by questions orunfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.（1）Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly,courteous and help
10、ful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation各类考试资料 vx：344647 公众号：顺通考试资料is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered NorthAmerican. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters,and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknow
11、n in the US. Yet it is an observationmade so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in manyparts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally liveddistant from one
12、another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion,and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier alsoshaped this tradition of hospitality.Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turnexcept to the nearest cabin or settleme
13、nt. It was not a matter of choice for thetraveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflectedthe harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care ofhim, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in thesame situation. Tod
14、ay there are many charitable organizations which specialize inhelping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers isstill very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away fromthe busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this
15、American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. Such observationsreported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understoodproperly.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither assuperficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a hist
16、orically developedcultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex setofculturalsignals,assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meanthat someone understands social and cultural patterns. Vis
17、itors who fail totranslate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example,when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word maybe quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. Ittakes more than a brief encounter on a bus to d
18、istinguish between courteousconvention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that manyAmericans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.1、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, _.A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB) small-minded officials des
19、erve a serious commentC) Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD. most Americans are ready to offer help2、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _.A) culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB) courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC) va
20、rious virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD) social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions3、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers _.A) to improve their hard lifeB) in view of their long-distance travelC) to add some flavor to their ow
21、n daily lifeD) out of a charitable impulse4、The tradition of hospitality to strangers _.A) tends to be superficial and artificialB) is generally well kept up in the united StatesC) is always understood properlyD) has something to do with the busy tourist trails5、Whats the authors attitudes toward th
22、e Americans friendliness?A) Favorable.B) Unfavorable.C) Indifferent.D) Neutral.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. ForQuestions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-H to fit into each ofthe numbered gaps. There are three extra choices, which you
23、do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10%)From her vantage point she watched the main doors swing open and the firstarrivals pour in. Those who had been at the head of the line paused momentarilyon entry, looked around curiously, then quickly moved forward as others behindpressed i
24、n. Within moments the central public area of the big branch bank was filledwith a chattering, noisy crowd. The building, relatively quiet less than a minuteearlier, had become a Babel. Edwina saw a tall heavyset black man wave some dollarbills and declare loudly, I want to put my money in the bank.1
25、.It seemed as if the report about everyone having come to open an account hadbeen accurate after all.Edwina could see the big man leaning back expansively, still holding his dollarbills. His voice cut across the noise of other conversations and she heard himproclaim, Im in no hurry. Theres something
26、 Id like you to explain.Two other desks were quickly manned by other clerks. With equal speed, longwide lines of people formed in front of them.Normally, three members of staff were ample to handle new account business,but obviously were inadequate now. Edwina could see Tottenhoe on the far side oft
27、he bank and called him on the intercom. She instructed, Use more desks for newaccount and take all the staff you can spare to man them.2.Tottenhoe grumbled in reply, You realize we cant possibly process all thesepeople today, and however many we do will tie us up completely.I ve an idea, Edwina said
28、, thats what someone has in mind. Just hurrythe processing all you can.3.First, an application form called for details of residence, employment, socialsecurity, and family matters. A specimen signature was obtained. Then proof ofidentity was needed. After that, the new accounts clerk would take all
29、documentsto an officer of the bank for approval and initialing. Finally, a savings passbookwas made out or a temporary checkbook issued.Therefore the most new accounts that any bank employee could open in an hourwere five, so the three clerks presently working might handle a total of ninetyin one bu
30、siness day, if they kept going at top speed, which was unlikely.4.Still the noise within the bank increased. It had become an uproar.A further problem was that the growing mass of arrivals in the central publicarea of the bank was preventing access to tellers counters by other customers.Edwina could
31、 see a few of them outside, regarding the milling scene withconsternation. While she watched, several gave up and walked away.Inside the bank some of the newcomers were engaging tellers in conversationand the tellers, having nothing else to do because of the melee, chatted back. Twoassistant manager
32、s had gone to the central floor area and were trying to regulatethe flood of people so as to clear some space at counters. They were having smallsuccess.5.She decided it was time for her own intervention.Edwina left the platform and a railed-off staff area and, with difficulty, madeher way through t
33、he milling crowd to the main front door.A. Yet she knew however much they hurried it would still take ten to fifteenminutes to open any single new account. It always did.The paperwork required that time.B. But still no hostility was evident. Everyone in the now jam-packed bankwho was spoken to by me
34、mbers of the staff answered politely and with a smile. Itseemed, Edwina thought, as if all who were here had been briefed to be on bestbehavior.C. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria suchas location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is poste
35、din the database.D. Even leaning close to the intercom, it was hard to hear above the noise.E. Even tripling ate present complement of clerks would permit very few morethan two hundred and fifty accounts (o be opened in a day, yet already, in the firstfew minutes of business, the bank was crammed wi
36、th at least four hundred people,with still more flooding in, and the line outside, which Edwina rose to check,appeared as long as ever.F. Obviously someone had alerted the press in advance, which explained thepresence of the TV camera crew outside. Edwina wondered who had done it.G. Some use them to
37、 keep a close watch on the demand for their line of workor gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for araise.H. A security guard directed him, Over there for new accounts. The guardpointed to a desk where a clerk - a young girl - sat waiting. She appeared nervous.The b
38、ig man walked toward her, smiled reassuringly, and sat down. Immediately apress of others moved into a ragged line behind him, waiting for their turn.Part IV Translation (20%)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese. Your translation should
39、be written carefully on the ANSWERSHEET.In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror the glassin the roof of a greenhouse which allows the suns rays to enter but prevents theheat from escaping.According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3 warmerin the yea
40、r 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the presentrate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt,thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also,the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great change
41、s in the climateof the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earths chieffood-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentratedon the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet.But the weather experts are
42、 now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which maybe affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on thescale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning offuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are alreadydisappeari
43、ng. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. Thisfits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, mostof the fuel is burntin the northern hemisphere, wheretemperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to nownatural influences on the weath
44、er have exceeded those caused by man. The questionis: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one researchstation have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively lesshot spots) on the sun. As the sun
45、rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or“colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth.This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earthsatmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variableover a long
46、term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend beingdownward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weatherinteractions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including thelast Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that
47、the world shouldbe entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoreticaldifficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effectsovercome the inertia (惯性) of the earths climate. If this is right, the warmingeffect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a u
48、seful counter-balance to thesuns diminishing heat.Part V.Writing (20%)Directions:People are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health.And they have different ways to stay healthy.Some exercise everyday; others tryto keep a balanced diet; still others try to keep happy all the time. Wha
49、t do youthink is the best way to stay healthy?Write an essay of about 200 words about the following topic:The Best Way to Stay HealthyYou are to write in three paragraphs:1. The importance of health2. Different people have different ideas about staying healthy3. What you think is the best way to stay healthy