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1、历年天津大学考博英语真题Direction： Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read four times. During the first reading the passage will be read at normal speed and you are supposed to listen only and try to have a general understanding of it. For the second and third readings the passage w
2、ill be read sentence by sentence or phrase by phase with an interval of 12-15 seconds in between for writing. The last reading will be done at the normal speed again for you to check up. II Vocabulary and Structure （10%） Directions： There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence t
3、here are four choices marked A， B， C， and D. Circle the one that best completes the sentence. 1. It was very kind of you to get me something for my birthday， but you me such an expensive present. A didnt need buying B neednt buy C neednt have bought D hadnt needed to buy 2. Theof a cultural phenomen
4、on is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people. A manifestation B implementation C expedition D demonstration 3. He is holding aposition in the company and expects to be promoted soon. A subordinate B succeeding C successive D subsequent 4. In American un
5、iversities， classes are often arranged in more flexibleand many jobs on campus are reserved for students. A scales B ranks C grades D patterns 5. The government gave a very explanation of its plan for economic development. A comprehensive B compound C considerable D complacent 6. In my opinion， you
6、can widen the of these improvements through your active participation. A dimension B volume C magnitude D scope 7.No Tobacco Dayis the day when the world Health Organization to people to stop using tobacco products. A asks B applies C appeals D urges 8. The dentists confident manner me that I was in
7、 safe hands. A insured B assured C ensured D secured 9. We prefer that the plan before being put into execution. A be fully discussed B must be fully discussed C will be fully discussed D is fully discussed 10. The sound of footsteps on the bare floor the downstairs neighbors. A disturbed B interrup
8、ted C annoyed D irritated 11. I asked him for a job the impression that he was the head of the firm， but he wasnt. A with B under C in D of 12. Its no good remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned. A trying to B try to C to try to D tried to 13. The dictator relied on a
9、buse of its opponents on sounding reasoning. A more than B rather than C other than D better than 14. To make the best and the most efficient of your time and to achieve your goals， start each day by your agenda. A holding on B making out C keeping on D taking down 15. Once the question is put， we k
10、now try to obtain the answer. A to proceed in direction to B where direction proceed to C in which direction to proceed to D which direction proceed toward 16. During the operas most famous aria， the tempo chosen by the orchestras conductor seemed ， without necessary relation to what had gone before
11、 A tedious B melodious C capricious D moderation 17. It is time the nations of the world a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons. A would call B call C called D will call 18.When the drops were placed in the patients eyes， his pupils became . A dilated B smaller C irritated D sensible 19. To vi
12、sit zoos that simulate the natural habitats of animals of great interest to zoologists. A are B be C were D is 20. Mr. Smith with the government for thirty-seven years by the time he retires. A will work B will have worked C will be working D will have been worked III Sentence Transformation （20%） D
13、irections： Rewrite each of the following sentences by using the word （s） below it so that each new sentence means roughly the same as the original one. In some instances it may be necessary to change the tense of the given word （s）。 1. He is warm-hearted， but this doesnt mean that he is bright.（foll
14、ow） 2. The manager has asked me to consider this proposal carefully.（consideration） 3. The garden is too small for a swimming pool.（room） 4. Increasing the tax on household goods is bound to cause trouble. Its asking 5. The museum is closed this afternoon. There is 6. Dont touch those wires in any c
15、ircumstances. Under 7. The small number of potential buyers does not provide a sufficiently large market for this kind of apparatus.（enough） 8. I was finally able to convince him of its value. I finally succeeded 9. Film makers understandably lose much of their interest in the genre.（appeal to ） 10.
16、 Not all of the people like this movie.（popular） IV Cloze （10%） Directions： Read through the following passage and then decide which of the choices given below could correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Circle the correct choice for each blank. An interesting theor
17、y in economics is 1 by the Head Man of a small mountain tribe. If seems that this tribe was very good at making straw mats that had great sales 2 in the 3 market. The representative of an American company went to visit the tribe and tried to make a good business deal. He 4 to the Head Man and 5 that
18、 his company would like to 6 several thousand pieces. Undoubtedly， he said， the business 7 would be 8 to the tribe. After some thoughts， the Head Man 9 ， but announced that the price per piece would be 10 in such a 11 order than it would be if 12 a small order were placed. The representative was 13
19、than a little shocked 14 the business sense of the Head Man 15 insisted that the price should be 16 because of the large volume， and 17 not higher.No，replied the head of the tribe 18 .But why not ？asked the American.Because 19 is so tiresome to make the 20 article over and over，answered the Head Man
20、. 1. A. illustrated B. appreciated C. demonstrated D. anticipated 2. A. capacity B. potential C. ability D. fortune 3. A. straw B. global C. world D. earth 4. A. addressed B. spoke C. asked D. told 5. A. declared B. confirmed C. demanded D. gestured 6. A. order B. sell C. dispose D. make 7. A. treat
21、y B. pact C. matter D. deal 8. A. effective B. efficient C. valuable D. profitable 9. A. agreed B. accepted C. refused D. received 10. A. lower B. higher C. expensive D. cheaper 11. A. small B. big C. vast D. high 12. A. certainly B. really C. only D. simply 13. A. greater B. stronger C. less D. mor
22、e 14. A. from B. of C. at D. since 15. A. who B. and C. then D. therefore 16. A. lower B. higher C. little D. raised 17. A. never B. really C. certainly D. yet 18. A. weakly B. happily C. stubbornly D.hesitatingly 19. A. he B. it C. what D. work 20. A. similar B. beautiful C. alike D. same V Reading
23、 Comprehension （20%） Directions： In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements， each with four suggested answers marked A），B），C） and D）。 Choose the one that you think is the correct answer. 1） A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how frien
24、dly， courteous， and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair， this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians， and should best be considered North American. There are， of course， exceptions. Small-minded officials， rude waiters， and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknow
25、n in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country， a traveler was a welcome brak in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from o
26、ne another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion， and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone， if hungry， injured， or ill， often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or s
27、ettlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life： if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him， there was no one else who would， And someday， remember， you might be in the same sit
28、uation. Today there are many charitable organizations that specialized in helping the weary traveler. Yet， the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US， especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails.I was just traveling through， got talk
29、ing with this American， and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing.Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon， but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial， but as the
30、 result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society， in America a complex set of cultural signals， assumptions， and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And， of course， speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands soci
31、al and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail totranslatecultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example， when an American uses the wordfriend， the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a
32、 brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet， being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers. 1. The wordobservationin the first paragraph most probably means A attention. B watchfulness.
33、C survey D opinion. 2. People in frontier settlements used to entertain travelers because these strangers would_. A bring good news from outside world. B help locals solve their problems. C bring a change to the life in the settlements. D requires a different definition. 3. Nowadays the tradition of
34、 friendliness to strangers_. A is still prevailing. B can rarely be seen C is wading fast D requires a different definition 4. According to the passage， which of the following is true？ 考博网编辑 A People are still fond of traveling to remote places. B Foreign travelers now keep away from busy tourist tr
35、ails. C There is no charitable organization in small cities. D Foreign visitors to the US have trouble understanding Americans friendliness. 5. From the last paragraph of the passage we have learned that_ A the ability of speaking a foreign language implies a better understanding of its culture. B v
36、arious virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends. C culture exercises a great influence on social interrelationships. D courteous convention and individual interest are closely interrelated. 考博网编辑 2）It is well known that when an individual joins a group he tends to accept the groups stan
37、dards of behavior and thinking. He is expected to behave in accordance with these norms-in other words the group expects him to conform. Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life， but what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which peoples judgments and opin
38、ions can be changed as a result of group pressure. In a typical experiment， the experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group that is investigating visual perception. The victims are not， therefore， aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a gr
39、oup of about seven people who are collaborating with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card， one is shorter and one the same l
40、ength. They have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. The volunteer sees that the other members of the gro
41、up unanimously choose a line which is obviously not the same length as the one on the standard card. When it is his turn to answer he is faced with the unanimous opinion of the groupall the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will he do？ According to Asch， mor
42、e than half of the victims chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that， when interviewed about their answers， most explained that they knew the group choice was incorrect but that they yielded to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an o
43、ptical illusion. 6. Psychologists are interested in _. A how far group pressure can influence peoples judgments. B how to make judgments according to everyday experience. C how to change peoples judgments. D the groups standards of social behaviour. 7. In the experiment. Who have been told to pick t
44、he wrong line？ A The victims. B The volunteer. C The experimenter. D The other members. 8. In what circumstances do most people yield to pressure？ A When the group is separated. B When the group is unanimous. C When they know they are the victims. D When they are forced to answer questions. 9. The e
45、xperiments demonstrate that _. A nearly every individual will behave differently from others B group pressure is caused by the interference of the psychologists. C psychologists wish to change the peoples judgments and opinions. D people will change their ideas under group pressure. 10.The best titl
46、e of this passage would be _. AA Typical Experiment. BAre We Afraid to be Different？ CThe Groups Standards of Behavior and Thinking. DDose an Individual Need to Follow a Groups Standards？ 3 ）The single business of Henry Thoreau ，during forty-old years of eager activity was to discover an economy cal
47、culated to provide a satisfying life .His one concern ，that gave to his ramblings in Concord fields a value of high adventure ，was to explore the true meaning of wealth .As he understood the problem of economics ，there three possible solutions open to him ：to exploit himself ，to exploit his fellows ，or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator .The first was quite impossibleto imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure .To exploit ones fellows seemed to Thoreaus sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity .Freedom with abstinence s