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1、 Abstract with the surge in the number of English learners, more and more people begin to pay attention to English movies and TV plays in order to improve their English listening and speaking ability. This paper adopts the skopos theory, subtitle translation of network popular comedy Desperate House
2、wives in the hope that through analysis and research, comparative analysis, can be summed up as Desperate Housewives method can let in subtitle translation can reference. Keywords: subtitle translation; skopos theory; translation strategyCLC number:H059 document code :A inThe number of:1002-2139 (20
3、13) -6-02 Movies and TV plays are effective means to spread cultural information. With the economic globalization and the expansion of the film and television market, especially the popularity of the Internet, more and more foreign films and TV series are introduced into china. However, the quality
4、of subtitle translation is far from being able to meet the requirements, which, to a certain extent, affects the audiences appreciation of film and television, and hinders the development of subtitle translation and cultural transmission. In this case, to improve the quality of film and television s
5、ubtitle translation plays an important role in enhancing the understanding of the target audience and promoting the development of the subtitle translation. This paper from the perspective of Skopos theory, to analyze and study the network hit American comedy Desperate Housewives in the subtitle tra
6、nslation and translation strategies, hope that through the comparative analysis, summed up the Desperate Housewives strategies and methods can make reference in subtitle translation of the translator. An overview of, subtitle translation Subtitles appear in the bottom of the screen to display the di
7、alogue in the form of text in a TV or film. So the subtitle translation can be defined as the translation of a multimedia symbol that appears on a screen or a line of dialogue with the original dialogue. (Gottlieb, 2004:220) we can see from the above definition that the subtitle translation is the t
8、ranslation of the original language. Subtitled movies and television are designed to allow the audience to listen to the original language and watch their own language as well as the original audience. (Gottlieb, 1992:165) subtitle translation is different from other types of translation because of
9、its different media bearing mode, which has its own unique characteristics. Gottlieb (1992) concludes that the subtitle translation has the following characteristics: (1) the subtitle translation is presented in the form of text. 2 based on the original text, retain the original text style. 3 instan
10、taneous. 4 synchronization. That is, the translation should be synchronized with the original dialogue. Two introduction of Skopos theory, In 1970s, the functionalist translation theory founder Katherina Rice (Katharina Reiss) in 1971 proposed a functionalist theory of translation criticism in the t
11、ranslation criticism possibilities and limitations in a book that translation in order to achieve the purpose or function of the Yu Yuan function or purpose, the translator should give priority to the translation according to requirements function instead of the principle of reciprocity. (Reiss, 200
12、0:16). Based on this, a student of Rice Fermi Hans (Hans J Vermeer) was further from the source oriented equivalence theory put forward by the objective constraints, the primary principle of the skopos theory, he believes that translation is a kind of human activity, is a purposeful activity. It is
13、suggested that translators should choose specific translation methods or strategies according to the specific purpose of translation. (Nord, 2001:29) of Skopos Theory in translation practice, need to follow three rules: 1 purpose rule. In the process of translation, the translators translation metho
14、ds and strategies should be determined by the purpose of translation. (Nord, 2001:29) 2 coherence rule. That is to say, the translated text can make the reader understand and have some practical significance in the culture of the target language. The coherence rule emphasizes the readability of the
15、target text in the target language culture and its communicative meaning. (Nord, 2001:32) 3 fidelity rule. There is a certain connection between the original text and the target text. The skopos theory emphasizes that the fidelity of the target text to the original text and the form is determined by
16、 the purpose of the translation and the translators understanding of the original text. (Nord, 2001:32)These three laws are not isolated, but interrelated. In the three law, the principle of purpose is the first, the coherence rule and the fidelity rule belong to the skopos theory, and the fidelity
17、rule belongs to the coherence rule. (Nord, 2001:33). Three, under the guidance of Desperate Housewives subtitle translationSkopos theory holds that the purpose of translation determines the translation strategies and methodsConsidering the various factors affecting the translation, such as the use o
18、f the translation, the audience, the media, and so on, to analyze the purpose of the translation activities, on the basis of the text level to determine the translation method. The purpose of subtitle translation is to provide the target audience with the most relevant information of the original te
19、xt. In order to achieve this goal, the translator should be flexible and adopt corresponding translation methods. This paper selects some translations of Eden subtitles group as a reference, carries on the analysis of the translation strategies used are as follows: 1 minus translation. The subtracti
20、on method, which includes the reduction of translation and the translation of the province, refers to the omission or reduction of the information that does not affect the audiences perception. First of all, appeared on the screen of the subtitle must be finished in a few seconds (Zhao Zongju, 2008:
21、54), so the subtitles on the screen of space and time is very limited, so often use the omission to make the target audience most easily get the most relevant and original information in the shortest time. Secondly, most of the audiences reading speed is slower than that of the actor (Gottlieb, 1922
22、:158) also determines that the subtraction method is inevitable. Finally, on the TV screen, music and audio support, reducing translation is possible (Wang Rujuan, 2009:34) in practice, because the dialogue spoken features and the restrictions of time and space, some filler words, conjunctions, gree
23、tings and unnecessary repetition can be omitted to make the translation more concise captions accurate and does not affect the audiences understanding. Here are some examples ofCases of 1:Susan:So who I to selling share of my herpes on parade about do? If you want to sell my shares, who should I tal
24、k to? In order to save space and time, the I is omitted and does not affect the understanding. Herpes on Parade is Susans husband left her strip shop name, the words are not rare and important information, if the translation will occupy a lot of space and time, increase the audiences understanding o
25、f the burden, it is omitted as well. 2 cases of Susan:This is a now a bad Jackie Collins novelYou read more romantic novels. Jackie Collins is a British romance novelist, in China awareness is not high, if the audience will want to translate it, who is the Jackie Collins, when they want to have subt
26、itles flashed, this line is not fully understood. Therefore, the translator adopts the above translation method, which is highly correlated with the original information and the audience can easily understand. 3:Carlos:We have home, we have each other, we have work that supports us, and we have two
27、beautiful little girls that love us more than ice cream.Carlos: we have a family, we have each other, we have a job to support us, and two lovely daughters love us more than ice cream. The above examples, the word line is not necessary and does not affect the audience to understand the word, it can
28、be omitted. Doctor even took offence when 4:Robin:The she got to here a quack, there a quack, everywhere a quack-quackShe even got angry with the doctor. Here a quack, there a quack, everywhere a quack-quack (a quack, here there is everywhere a quack, quack) such a long sentence translation, takes u
29、p a lot of space and time. This sentence does not emphasize what she has done, but emphasizes the fact that she gets angry with the doctors. In order to save time and space, it is best to press the above translation, as long as the audience to understand the main meaning, such translation is right.
30、In addition to the original meaning of the original text (2007:38), it is also another way to reduce translation. The translator needs to be able to identify which is necessary to retain, to help the audience understand the essential information of the plot, which is to save space can be omitted. He
31、re are some examples. Know someone who knows someone 5:Lynette:I who knows an elf, and if any of you acts up, so help me, I will call Santa, and I will tell him you want socks for Christmas. You willing to risk that? My friends fairy friend gave me, if today who do mischief, I immediately call Santa
32、 Claus said you only want socks for christmas. Here Lynette in order not to lose face in front of the neighbors, deliberately frighten children, who can only receive Christmas socks trick. The truth is that Santa doesnt exist at all, let alone his phone number. In order to make their lies more true,
33、Lynette deliberately used a very complicated sentence. If I know a person, that person knows a person, that person knows a fairy. Such a long sentence can not accommodate the screen, and the audience did not read the screen flashed, so the translation is simple and easy to understand. In short, taki
34、ng into account the purpose of the desperate housewives subtitle translation, the audiences expectations, and the limitations of time and space, in order to retain the main information of the original text and help the audience to understand the lines and the plot, subtraction is an effective transl
35、ation method. 2 clarity. The purpose of subtitle translation is to make the target audience understand the plot to promote the TV play. At least tell the audience what the actors on the screen are saying. If the original audience is difficult to understand where the text extension is necessary (Nord
36、, 2001:63) in different languages have not the habit of expression and grammatical structure, can also cause the audience to understand the difficulties. At this point it should be clear in order to achieve the purpose of translation. Clarity refers to any method that involves the expansion of text
37、or the explicit information of the original text. 6 cases of Renee:Oh, Doug screw up a lot, but his apologies are always the 4th of July.What Doug did a lot of bad things, but his apology like National Day so wild with joy. Here National Day so people is not the original wild with joy with the trans
38、lator. There are two reasons, first, most viewers do not know July 4th is the national day. Second, if not people, it is difficult to see the audience burst with joy between apology and National Day have what relation. The meaning of this sentence is that when Doug makes Renee angry he will buy a ve
39、ry expensive gift for his wifes forgiveness, which makes Renee very happy to feel like national day. Example 7 Porter:How was play the? Tom:Lincoln had a better time in the theater.How about the play? Tom: Lincoln has a lot of fun at the theatre. (Lincoln was assassinated in the theater)This convers
40、ation took place in Tom and Lynette saw a very bad drama, when the son asked about the play, Tom did not directly answer good or bad, but said the above. American viewers know that Lincoln was assassinated in the theater, it can understand the expression of Toms humor: death is more interesting than
41、 watching this drama, drama rotten. However, due to the lack of historical and cultural knowledge of the United States, the Chinese audience is difficult to understand the meaning of the line. With the notes, the expression is immediately clear. 3 domesticationIn order to make the audience understan
42、d the differences between Chinese and Western cultural background and language expression, the ultimate purpose of subtitling translation is to make the audience understand and accept the translation easily. Domestication is closer to the target culture, the original to the target audience of non co
43、nventional machining expression and transformed familiar expression on it, make it more consistent with target language habits, more susceptible to the readers. 8 cases of Bree:Change in behavior is a warning sign and you have been as fresh as paint for the last six monthsBree: a change in behavior
44、is a dangerous precursor, and youve been extraordinarily energetic over the past six months. As fresh paint literally means as clean as paint as. It is clear that this translation is not clear, so according to the context, should be in accordance with the above translation, the audience can understa
45、nd. For the six months translated into half a year more in line with Chinese habits, and save screen space, past. Four, theTV drama to build a bridge for cross-cultural communication, cultural exchanges with western film subtitle translation has become increasingly frequent, more and more important
46、in the field of (Qian Shaochang, 2001) has attracted more and more attention in academic circles and attention. The desperate housewives as an example, starting from the perspective of Skopos theory, only lists the three main types of subtitle translation strategies: omission, clarity, domestication
47、, is the target audience to be able to fully understand the story, in order to achieve the purpose of translation. The author hopes that this paper can be used for reference. Reference:1, Gottlieb, Henrik. (2004). Subtitles and International Anglification. Nordic Journal of English Studies. (3), 219-230.2, Qian Shaochang (2001). Film translation - an increasingly important field of translation. Chinese translation, 1. 3, Zhao Zongju (2008). The teleological approach to the study of the subtitle translation of prison break. Central South University.