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1、大学英语六级考试翻译通关讲义 Lecturer:Jingjing Jiang Date:Jun.2010 Section One：考试大纲o要求译文全局结构正确、自然、通顺、流畅且符合英语表达习惯，恰当把握与处理句子的难点，达到翻译的要求。o一个句子是否能够正确翻译，取决于这个句子中的一些关键词、词组、句型以及语法结构的正确理解与自然表达。o特别注意：被动语态、虚拟语气。Section Two:解题技巧o1、听力结束，就翻译；o2、先找虚拟，再倒装；o3、句型结构，加表达；o4、先易后难，心不慌。Section Three:大纲样题o72.It was essential that _ (我们
2、在月底签订合同)。o73.To our delight,she _ _ (进大学一个月就适应了校园生活)。we sign the contract before the end of the month to campus life a month after entering college adapted(herself)o74.The new government was accused _ (未实现其降低失业率的承诺)。o75.The workmen think _ (遵守安全规则很重要)。o76.The customer complained that no sooner _ (他刚
3、试着使用这台机器，它就不运转了)。of failure to fulfill its promise to reduce the unemployment rate it very important to comply with/follow the safety regulations had he tried using the machine than it stopped working Section Four:翻译常考考点翻译常考考点 o1.各种从句的用法：各种从句的用法：主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 状语从句 定语或同位语从句主语从句o_ (很多人没有意识到的)is provi
4、ding the best education possible for their children.What many people dont realize 宾语从句oMany Americans live on credit,and their quality of life _ (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),not how much they can earn.is measured by how much they can loan 表语从句oIn my sixties,one change I notice is that_ (我比以前更容易累了).I am more lik
5、ely to get tired than before 状语从句oI am going to pursue this course,_ (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲)no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make 定语或同位语从句oMedical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _ _ (他们至今还没有答案)(that/which)they havent found solution to/to which they havent found solutio
6、n 2.虚拟语气虚拟语气:o历年真题中涉及到虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：(1)(should)+动词原形的情形；(2)if,but for,without,otherwise 等引导的条件句；(3)wish,if only,would rather,it is(high)time that的用法 (1)(should)+动词原形的情形oIt is important that the hotel receptionist _ (必须确保旅客登记正确).make sure that guests are registered correctlyoIt is/was necessary,advis
7、able,appropriate,desirable,imperative,urgent,essential,obligatory,preferable,vital,proper that (should)+动词原形的情形(should)+动词原形的情形oIt is/was desired,ordered,decided,suggested,requested recommended,proposed,that (should)+动词原形的情形oWhile crossing the mountain area,all the men carried guns _ (以免遭受野兽的袭击).les
8、t they should be attacked by wild animals lest for fear that in case (2)if,but for,without,otherwise 等引导的条件句oHe said the driver must have met an accident;_ (否则他早就到了).otherwise he would have arrived by thenif,but for,without,otherwise等引导的条件句oWithout,would(not)have done oBut for,would have done oIf+di
9、d/were,would+动词原形(对现在的虚拟)oIf+had done,would+have done(对过去的虚拟)oIf+were to+动词原形(should+动词原形)，would+动词原形(对将来的虚拟)(3)wish,if only,would rather,it is(high)time that的用法oIf only _ and put them into effect as soon as possible.(委员会能尽快批准这些制度)the committee would approve the regulations对现在的虚拟：谓语动词用过去时过去时对过去的虚拟：谓
10、语动词用had done对将来的虚拟：谓语动词用would+动词原形动词原形would rathero后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去时 e.g.The manager would rather _ (他的女儿不和他在同一办公室工作).his daughter didnt work in the same officeWish后面的宾语从句o对现在的虚拟：谓语动词用过去时过去时o对过去的虚拟：谓语动词用had doneit is(high)time thatothat引导的定语从句的谓语动词用过去时 e.g.Its high time that _ (鼓起勇气发表自我观点).we gather
11、ed the courage to express ourselves3.倒装结构倒装结构o倒装分为：完全倒装、部分倒装。o重点是：部分倒装（即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与倒装）o常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：否定倒装 虚拟倒装 强调倒装 “so+形容词”置于句首倒装 否定倒装o否定副词(或否定的副词性结构）如：hardly,seldom,scarcely,never,little,nowhere,under no circumstances,in no way,no soonerthan，not onlybut also 用于句首时所导致的倒装 Not only_(他向我收费过高)，bu
12、t he didnt do a good repair job either.did he overcharge me/did he charge metoo much否定倒装oHe told me that hardly/scarcely/barely _ _(他一到家就抱怨起来).had he returned home when she startedcomplaining虚拟倒装o在if引导的虚拟条件句中，将if省略，把should,had,were提至主语前，形成倒装oJean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks wer
13、e _(要是找了工作),she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.if she were to get a jobshe to get a job虚拟倒装o对过去的虚拟：if+had done,(将if省略)为：Had done,对将来的虚拟：if+should 动词原形(were to 动词原形),(将if省略)为:Should do(Were to do),强调倒装o以某些副词开头作状语：so,only,often,then oSo _(他工作如此勤奋)that he often forgets to eat an
14、d sleep.oOnly in this way,_ _(我们能够准时到达目的地).can we arrive at thedestination on timediligently does he work“so+形容词”置于句首倒装o在“so+形容词that分句”结构中，如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装oSo _(她感动得)that she could not say a word.moved was she 4.非谓语动词非谓语动词 o这里主要讲分词结构的翻译o_(与我成长的地方相比)this town is more pro
15、sperous and exciting.o_ (从大学毕业后)，Joyce applied to the graduate school at Los Angeles.Compared with the place where I grew up,Having graduated from collegeSection Five:翻译中的重点句型 o历年真题中常见的重点句型o1)It is+形容词+that _(可想而知)knowledge plays an important role in our life.Its conceivable that2)Its+形容词+to do/doin
16、goShe had said what _ (一切有必要说的话).it was necessary to say3)祈使句/名词+and/oro_(三思而行)or you may possibly make a fatal mistake.Think twice before you leap4)as many/much+名词+asoIts said that visitors spend _(花销仅为一半)in a day in Leeds as in London.only half as much money5)倍数词+as+形容词+asoThe reservoir is three t
17、imes as big as it was ten years ago.6)倍数词+more+名词/形容词+thanoSmoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents 7)(not)as/so as oThe environmental problems are (没有他们说的那么严重)in their report.not as serious as they suggested8)No more thanoShe
18、 is _ (同样不宜当经理)a schoolgirl would be.no more fit to be a manager than9)Nothing is more thanoNothing is more important than to receive education.10)感官动词+of+名词osmell ofotaste of 11)without/not so much as oDisappointed with her husband,Mary left home _(甚至都没有)looking back at him.without so much as12)Mig
19、ht/may as well(as)oOne _ (还不如彻底蒙在鼓里)as know but imperfectly.may as well not know a thing at all13)Only to find/seeoI went to see Willian,_ _(结果发现他前两天已经走了).only to learn thathe had left two days before14)-20)o(The)chances are that 很可能o It occurred to sb.That 突然想到onot but.obe not much of a 是个不太好的oIt i
20、s/was that/who onot until oThe more,the more.Section six:PracticeoDuring the meeting,hardly _(他一开始说话，就被听众打断了).o2.surrounded by the police,the kidnappers _ (没有选择，只能投降)had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted himhad no choices but to surrender on the spotPractice:oThe concerned mother thril
21、led at the news of _ _(她的儿子被大学入取了).Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods,you _ (无权获得赔偿)for the goods damaged in delivery.his sons having been admittedto the universityare not entitled to a repaymentPractice:o Mrs.Smith shut the window lest _ _(外面的噪声会影响她儿子睡觉)o The new m
22、ayor was charged with _ _(未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺)the noise outside(should)interferewith her sons sleep.failure to fulfill his promise todecrease the inflation ratePractice:o_ _(每当我遇到这类问题，我脑袋一篇空白)，and I can hardly remember my own date of birth oThe customer complained that _ (他刚启动计算机)it stopped working When
23、 confronted with such question,my mind goes blankno sooner had he started the computer thanPractice:oWhat upset me was _ _.(不是他说的话，而他说话的方式)oThis piece of writing is _(与其说是短篇小说，还不如说是新闻报道)not what he saidbut the way he said itmore like a news report than a short story.Practice:oThe court ruling_ _(剥夺他
24、的政治权力)o Human behavior is mostly a product of learning,_._(然而动物的行为主要依靠本能).deprive him of his political right.while animal behaviordepends mostly on instinctPractice:oThe growth of part-time and flexible working patterns,and of training and retraining schemes,_ _ _(使得更多的妇女能够充分利用就业机会).enables morewome
25、n to take full advantages ofopportunities of employmentPractice:oHe made such a contribution to the university that they_ _ (以他的名字为其中一栋楼命名).o He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society,_ _(因为考虑他无法得到全体成员的欢迎)named one of the buildings after himconsidered insufficiently popular withall m
26、embersPractice:oAmericans eat _ (两倍多的蛋白质)they actually need every day.oWhen you speak English,your pronunciation should be correct,_.(否则人家就听不懂你的意思了)twice more protein thanotherwise you cant make yourself understoodPractice:oMy little daughter Mary,_ _after entering college for three months.(开始慢慢适应校园生活)o Many drivers think it necessary_ _ _(政府制定更加严格的交通规则)began to adapt herself to campus lifethatthe government should lay downmore stricter traffic rules