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1、英语（二） （全国）1考试说明考试说明英语（二）为公共课，大纲如下：英语（二）为公共课，大纲如下：题型题型数量数量分值分值阅读理解阅读理解阅读判断1010 个*1 分=10 分阅读选择55 个*2 分=10 分概括段落大意和补全句子1010 个*1 分=10 分完形填空完形填空填句补文55 个*2 分=10 分填词补文1010 个*1.5 分=15 分完型补文1010 个*1.5 分=15 分短文写作短文写作11 个*30 分=30 分考试形式：笔试，闭卷考试形式：笔试，闭卷分值：分值：满分满分 100 分，及格分，及格 60 分分考试时间：考试时间：150 分钟分钟英语（二）考试为 7 道大
2、题，51 道小题。考查范围包括词性、句意和篇章结构的理解。所以，本书从词、句、篇三个方面帮助考生进行复习总结，帮助考生取得优异成绩。2目录第一部分第一部分 词词.3 31.1 填词补文.31.2 完型补文.5第二部分第二部分 句句.6 62.1 补全句子.62.2 填句补文.8第三部分第三部分 篇篇.11113.1 阅读判断.113.2 阅读选择.143.3 概括段落大意.19附录附录.2626第一部分：时态第一部分：时态.2626一、 七大时态结构.26二、时态中动词变化规律.27第二部分：词性第二部分：词性.3030一、名词.30二、形容词.30三、副词.31四、介词.32五、并列结构.3
3、2六、词性变化规则.32七、句子成分.343第一部分第一部分 词词每种题型都离不开对于句和文章整体的理解， 不过填词补文和完型补文两个题型主要是对于词的考查。1.1 填词补文填词补文填词补文是从题目所给的 12 个词中选取适当的词语填空。主要解题方法及步骤如下：首先，看选项里的单词，标出词性。然后，通读一遍原文，了解文章大意。 （前两项顺序可以变更）第二次阅读原文，逐题分析句子结构判断空里单词的词性。根据词性和词义判断是否符合句意。不能通过词义词性法判断的题目，可以选择排除法。【真题演练【真题演练（1810 北京卷北京卷） 】填词补文。下面的短文有10处空白，短文后列出12个词，其中10个取自
4、短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。Body LanguageA job interview is your chance to show an employer that you are the person they reallywant to hire. Your verbal(口头的) communication 1will get a good resulthere-how you speak is often just as important as what you say. Even if you understandthe importance of e
5、ffective verbal communication, have you 2the fact that yourbody might be letting you down during that all-important interview?Before your first word, interviewers have already 3their first impression of you.Paying attention to and controlling your body language will help make that firstimpression a
6、more 4one.The whole process can be divided into two phases, namely, the pre-interview and the4interview. In the pre-interview, you should walk into the interview room 5, andshake hands with interviewers firmly when invited to do so. When 6to sit down,its better to choose a chair allowing you and the
7、 interviewers to see each other clearly.After that, you should make a sitting posture(姿势) in a relaxed manner and 7upstraight in your chair.During the interview, it is important to give the interviewers all equal time in terms ofnon-verbal interaction. Look at whoever is speaking and nod to show you
8、r 8ofwhat they say. Pay attention to the body language of your interviewers as well. If theyshake their heads or lean back in their seats and fold their arms, which might bea 9that youve done something boring. If you see any signs of unhappiness, itstime to quickly 10your interview style.选项A:skillsB
9、:confidentlyC:carefullyD:understandingE:consideredF:sitG:signH:invitedI:formedJ:changeK:unforgettableL:favorable答案：A, E, I, L, B, H, F, D, G, J解析1.“verbal communication”和“will”中间应该是一个名词，根据句意，口头沟通技巧符合题意，所以选A。2.“have you（）the fact”中间缺少动词的过去分词形式，EHI中，E符合句意， “你有没有考虑过这样一个事实”，选E。3.“have already（）their fir
10、st impression of you”，中间缺少动词的过去分词形式，在HI中，I“formed”意思符合。“在你的第一句话之前，面试官已经形成了对你的第一印象。”4.“a more（）one”缺少修饰“one”的形容词，根据句意和词性可知，此题选L。5.“you should walk into the interview room（）”，缺少副词修饰“walk”。根据句意应该是“小心地”，所以选B。6.“When（）to sit down”，缺少动词，根据句意应该是“当被邀请坐下”，所以选H。7.“and”前后应该是并列的句式，根据空格后的“up”可以推断出中间缺少动词，根据固定搭配可知
11、，空格处应该填“sit”。58.“nod to show your（）of what they say”，“你的”后面应该跟名词，根据句意应该是“点头表示你对他们说的话的理解”，所以选D。9.“which might be a（）”，“a”后应该跟单数名词，根据句意应该是“这可能表明你做了一件无聊的事情”。“sign”迹象，符合句意。10.“its time to quickly（）your interview style”缺少被quickly修饰的动词，在面试官觉得你很无趣的时候应该要改变自己的风格，所以选J。1.2 完型补文完型补文完型补文是将所给词语进行适当变形并填空的题型。所以了解词语
12、变形和词性是解决这个题的诀窍。解题方法及步骤如下：首先，通读全文了解文章大意。其次，逐题分析句子结构，确定所填词的词性。再根据前后文确定词义。（有些题目会需要区分词的肯定和否定形式）【真题演练【真题演练（1810 北京卷北京卷） 】下面的短文有 10 处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌。Language is something that defines (define) us humans.为范例。Traditional Chinese MedicineBefore the modern medicine existed, human be
13、ings depended merely on herbal（草药的）medicines and other therapeutic（ 治 疗 的 ） methods. They are used to treatmany（disease）and preserve health. This practice has（give）rise to theestablishment of（vary）kinds of traditional medicine with unique theory andpractice, such as traditional Chinese medicine,（Ind
14、ia）medicine and Arabianmedicine, etc. Among these traditional systems of medicine, traditional Chinese medicineis the most extraordinary one（base ）on which traditional Korean medicine andJapanese medicine have developed. Even in the 21st century, traditional medicine is still ofgreat（significant） .
15、In spite of the fast（develop） of modern medicine,traditional medicine is still spread far and wide. In many developing countries, most of thepeopleintheruralareasstilldependontraditionalmedicineandtraditional（medicine） practitioners to meet the need for primary healthcare. Evenin the countries with（
16、advance）modern medicine, more and more peoplehave（begin）to accept traditional medicine and other therapeutic methods suchas homeopathy（顺势疗法）, osteopathy（整骨疗法）, etc.答案：1. diseases2. given3. various4. Indian5. based6. significance7.development8. medical9. advanced10. begun6解析：1.空前的“many”表示应该接名词复数，所以填d
17、iseases。2.has（），考查的是现在完成时，所以应该填动词的过去分词形式。3.（）kinds of，缺少修饰kinds的形容词，vary的形容词形式是various。4.and前后两部分结构相同，and后是Arabian medicine， 所以前半部分应该是Indian。5.is the most extraordinary one（base）on，be动词后应该是被动， 所以填based。be based on也是固定用法。6.of后跟名词，所以填significant的名词形式，significance。7.In spite of the fast，fast修饰名词，所以deve
18、lop变为development。8.空后是practitioners，前面应该是形容词修饰practitioners，所以填medical。9.空后是“现代医学”前面缺少形容词，应该是“先进的现代医学”，所以填advanced。10.have表明本题考查现在完成时，需要填动词的过去分词形式。第二部分第二部分 句句对于句的考查主要是两个题型，补全句子和填句补文。2.1 补全句子补全句子补全句子是第三篇阅读概括大意与补全句子中的一部分，在阅读文章过后根据文章内容选取适当的答案填空。解题方法：解题方法：如不理解题干与段落意思，可用关键词法，在段落中找出与题干相对应的关键词（可适当标注），确定关键词
19、所在句子，然后在选项中找出与该句中相对应或相似的关键词，锁定答案。注意：根据历年真题，补全句子的出题顺序完全与段落顺序相对应（如第一题与第一段落对应）。【真题演练（【真题演练（1810北京卷）】北京卷）】概括段落大意和补全句子7阅读下面短文,请完成短文后的2项测试任务: ( 1 )题后所给的6个选项中为第段每段选择1个正确的小标题; (2)从题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子,并选择正确的答案代码(指A、B、C、D、E或F)。Why English？The English language is used by more people in the world than a
20、ny other languagetoday. This may seem surprising at first. After all, the population of English nativespeakers (mainly from United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and NewZealand) is one of the smallest in the world. The total only comes to about 400 million,which is less than one-tenth of
21、the population of the world. If we count all theEnglish-speakers in India, Singapore and some other countries, that adds another 700million to the total. Add all those people who speak English elsewhere and the totalEnglish-speaking population of the world comes to an impressive one and a halfbillio
22、n.Why is this? There is one important historical reason: the influence of the BritishEmpire-the Empire that stretched across the globe. Although the Empire no longerexists, the English language is firmly rooted in its former colonies（殖民地）- in African,India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, the Far East, Austra
23、lia, New Zealand, the Caribbean andNorth America.Other important reasons for the spread of English language are economic. English isthe language of international business and commerce. Also, most scientific andtechnological developments have been made by English-speaking societies. To keepup with su
24、ch developments, to talk about them in international conferences, or writeand read about them in scientific journals and books, scientists, scholars and studentsmust be able to understand English.There is also a rather less obvious reason. English is the language af a popularculture. All over the gl
25、obe, millions of young people listen to pop music and watch popvideos.The stars who perform in English are by far the most famous. Hundreds ofAmerican and British singers can be heard all over the world. English has become aninternational language.English is well suited to this role. Unlike many oth
26、er languages, it has a built-inflexibility（灵活性）that allows constant adaptation（改编）and assimilation（同化）.InEnglish,vocabularyfromotherlanguagesisoftenused,newwordsandcombinations of words can be coined（杜撰）easily, nouns can be turned into verbsand vice versa. Thus, what is correct in English is often,
27、simply, what is accepted asappropriate and understandable by those who speak it, whether they are native ornon-native speakers.6.（）only comes to about 400 million.7.（）comes to about one and a half billion around the world.8.（） are popular among millions of young people around the world.9.（） makes ne
28、w words and combinations of words coined easily.810.（ ）is also considered as correct English.选项：A: English native speakers EnglishB: The built-in flexibility of EnglishC: The total English-speaking populationD: Appropriate and understandable EnglishE: English pop music and videosF: The population of
29、 English native speakers答案：FCEBD解析：6.定位词：400 million根据定位词定位到第一段第四句，400 million修饰的词在这句话之前，指的是thepopulation of English native speaker，所以选F。7.定位词：a half billion根据定位词定位到第一段最后一句，Add all those people who speak English elsewhereand the total English-speaking population of the world，这两种人口的总和是a halfbillion，所
30、以选C。8.定位词：young people根据定位词定位到第四段，“millions of young people listen to pop music and watchpop videos”，所以选E。9.定位词：make new words根据定位词定位到最后一段，英语的内在灵活性使得创造新词和新词组合更加容易了，所以选B。10.根据最后一段最后几句，恰当且能够被理解的英语就是正确的英语，所以选D。2.22.2 填句补文填句补文填句补文是一篇文章，其中有5个空，分别是五个句子。在所给的6个选项中找到合适的句子填空。主要考查文章逻辑和前后文的衔接。92.2.1 解题方法解题方法句间关
31、系需要注意的是连词，不同种类的连词可以很好地帮助考生判断逻辑关系。转折：but, besides, although, despite, however, rather.总结：To sum up, In any case, In brief.并列：and, then. First, second. or, not only.but also., neither.nor.时间：one year later，next，then，the last，meanwhile，from now on关键词法：在填句补文中，每段会有自己的中心思想和关键词。根据选项和段落关键词的对应也可以得出正确的答案。2.2.
32、2 解题步骤解题步骤第一步：找出各选项句子关键词：如名词、动词短语、代词和连接词，了解这句子的大概意思（可用铅笔在该选项中划出其关键词并简要写其大意）。第二步：按顺序了解填空处前后内容的逻辑关系和大概意思。了解选项和填空处前后内容相互间的逻辑关系。第三步： 把选项句子中的关键词及其大意与填空处前后内容的逻辑关系及大意进行对照，运用排除法，确定最有可能的选项或直接确定答案。【真题演练（【真题演练（1810北京卷）】北京卷）】填句补文。从所给的选项中，选择合适的句子，将句子的代码（A、B、C、D、E、F）填到文章的空中，其中有一个句子是多余的。Relationship between Parent
33、s and ChildrenThe evidence for harmony(和睦）may not be obvious in some families. But it seemsthat four out of five young people now get on with their parent. 1.An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family lifeis more harmonious than it has ever been in the past. W
34、e were surprised by just howpositive todays young people seem to be about their families, said one member ofthe research team. Theyre expected to be rebellious (叛逆的) and selfish. But actuallythey have other things on their minds: they want a car and material goods, and theyworry about whether school
35、 is serving them well. As for the family decision, theresmore negotiation(商议) and discussion between parents and children. 210So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 yearsago to treat their children as friends . 3,says 17-year-old Daniel Lazall I always tel
36、lthem when Im going out clubbing (泡 吧). As long as they know what Imdoing,theyre fine with it. Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees. Looking back on thelast 10 years, there was a lot of what you could call negotiation. For example, as long asId done all my homework, I could go out on a Saturday night.
37、 But my grandparentsdidnt always support me. 4.Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that theidea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts. 5. Such a surprise comes froma brief period in our social history when teenagers were regarded as different b
38、eings.But the idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents only happened in the1960s when everyone rebelled, a researcher comments, the normal situationthroughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the familybusiness to taking it over.选项：A:I think my grandparents were a
39、 lot stricter with my parents than thatB:Children expect to take part in the family decision-making processC:We are surprised that teenagers say they get along well with their parentsD:My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to meE:I think my grandparents were also as fr
40、iendly as my parentsF:This is opposite to the popular belief that teenagers quarrel endlessly with theirparents答案: FBDAC解析：1.第一段第二句的but引出现在大部分的青少年和父母关系很好，其中F的意思和前两句有所关联。2.本题前一句表示家长和孩子有很多的商议和讨论，和讨论相关的是B。3.本题是引用的一个孩子的话，所以应该是第一人称叙述，后面表示他会告诉父母他要去泡吧，也就是他会和父母沟通，且父母也愿意听，所以选D。4.本题前一句提到了祖父母不太同意他在做完作业之后出去玩，也就
41、是祖父母比父母更严厉，所以选A。5.本题后一句提到了surprise，和C选项相呼应。11第三部分第三部分 篇篇理解语篇的能力在英语（二）的考试中是极其重要的，阅读判断、阅读理解、概括段落大意这几个阅读类的题目都需要语篇的能力。写作题目更需要考生自己有对于文章整体结构的把握，最终把一个逻辑清晰的文章呈现在考官面前。3.1 阅读判断阅读判断阅读判断是基于一篇完整的文章， 在文章后会有10个句子， 由考生根据文章判断句子的正确、错误或未提及。本题需要语篇的把控能力，更需要词义的理解和句子结构的把握能力，可谓是极其综合的。3.1.1 题型题型题干是对原文对应内容的概括总结通过对原文内容的理解，推测出
42、题干所表达的内容是正确的强调人们对某事物的一种“理论”或“感觉”时，常有feel, consider及theory等词。强调一种“事实”或“已被证明”时，常有fact及prove等词。题干与原文意思相反（FALSE题型）。看起来正确且和文章相关，但并未提及（NOT GIVEN题型）。3.1.2 解题步骤解题步骤1.快速阅读全文，尽可能理解文章大意并记忆关键信息点，可适当做标记。2.阅读题目，找出题目的关键词，带着关键词回到原文去查找相关的内容。3.按照题目顺序答题，这样有助于理清文章的写作思路。注意：1.判断正误。文章中明确表达出来的内容才能作为答题依据，切不可主观臆断。2.未提及的题目。看起
43、来是正确的，但是文章却并未提及，考生需要留意区别“错误”和“文中未提及”这两类选项，不可混为一谈。3.出题顺序。大部分都是按照课文句子顺序出题，（如：第一题对应原文第一句或第二句，以此类推），做题时一定不要通篇找。12【真题演练（【真题演练（1810北京卷）】北京卷）】阅读判断下面的短文后刊出了10个句子， 请报据短文内容对每个句子作出判断： 如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。Roald dahlRoald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like
44、 Matilda, Charlie andthe Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach-would have been 100 years oldthis year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he alsowrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays and non - fictions, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff,
45、in Wales in 1916. Roald was sent off to boardingschool when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard timeobeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers wouldsometimes hit their students with a cane（藤条）when they misbehaved. Later on,Roald integrated th
46、is fear and distrust of adults into many of his childrens books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force. At one point, his plane crashedin the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded（滞留）in the middle ofnowhere. Fortunately, he was rescued and within a few months had mad
47、e a completerecovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. Hisfirst published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, hebecame an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usuallyfeatured mystery, suspense（悬念）,
48、and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a youngboy who attempts to escape from his two bad aunts. The boy finally gets away bysailing across the ocean inside a magical giant peach. James and the Giant Peach wasprompted by the bedtime stories Ro
49、ald would make up for his young daughters. Hesaid that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive - he had to make hisstories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964. he wrote his most famous book - Charlieand the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a golden ticket to tour amyst
50、erious world.131. Roald Dahl wrote many classics including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.A:TrueB:FalseC:Not Given2.Roald wrote more children books than novels and short stories.A:TrueB:FalseC:Not Given3.When he was nine years old, Roald was sent off to live in the boarding school.A:TrueB:FalseC: