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1、L/O/G/O上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 应应用用型型大大学学英英语语系系列列教教材材Book 4Application-oriented College English Course上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Language in Use Enhancement of Language Abilities Unit EightTable of Contents Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext2上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1contentStarterText:The danger of lying in bed
2、 Working with words and phrasesDiscussionPractice:interpretingPractice:translationPractice:writingSurfing the InternetHighlightsTable of ContentsPart 1 Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext3上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1highlightsHighlightsS:Insurance programsL:Brief introduction to insuranceR:The danger o
3、f lying in bed W:Patterns of organization(6):opinion essay:argumentationInternet work:Searching for reasons for buying insurance Part 1 Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext4上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext1.Starterfocus1starterA.Suppose you are in one of the following occupations,which insurance program(s
4、)listed below would you choose for yourself?Why?OccupationInsurance Programmanualworkerlifeinsurancefarmerhealth/medicalinsurancebusinessmanaccidentinsurancedriverautoinsurancestudentrobberyinsuranceteacherfireinsuranceathletemarineinsurancepolicemanunemploymentinsurancesoldierbusinessinsuranceactor
5、investmentinsuranceForReferenceAnswerClick Here5上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext1.Starterfocus1starterI have been a driver for more than twenty years and auto insurance is my No.1 choice.With the boom of the car industry and the increasing number of car owners,there are more chances of having a car accid
6、ent.It is good that auto insurance covers not only damage to cars and loss from theft but also injuries to pedestrians,passengers,and drivers.Health insurance is my No.2 choice.No one can protect themselves from being ill.Due to the high cost of medical treatment,a severe illness could put most of u
7、s in severe financial trouble should we have no health insurance.6B.Listen to a short passage and answer the following questions according to what youve heard.focus1starter上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 1.StarterBackNextMind Maphedge/vi.避免损失contingent/a.偶然发生的，意外的transfer/()/n.转移policy/n.保险单premium/n.保险费7focus1s
8、tarter上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 1.StarterBackNext1.What is the primary function of insurance?Itisusedtohedgeagainsttheriskofacontingentloss.2.What is general insurance?General insurance,including automobile and homeowners policies,providespaymentsdependingonthelossfromaparticularfinancialevent.Generalinsur
9、ancetypicallycomprisesanyinsurancethatisnotdeterminedtobelifeinsurance.3.How does life insurance work?Lifeinsuranceworksinthisway:theinsureragreestopayasumofmoneyupontheoccurrenceoftheinsuredindividualsorindividualsdeath or other event.In return,the policy owner agrees to pay apremiumatregularinterv
10、alsorinlumpsums.8focus1starter上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 1.StarterBackNextInsurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss.Insurance is defined as the fair and reasonable transfer of the risk of a loss,from one entity to another,in exchange for a premium,a
11、nd can be thought of as a guaranteed small loss to prevent a large,possibly devastating loss.It can be divided into general insurance and life insurance.General insurance,including automobile and homeowners policies,provides payments depending on the loss from a particular financial event.General in
12、surance typically comprises any insurance that is not determined to be life insurance.Life insurance is a contract between the policy owner and the insurer,where the insurer agrees to pay a sum of money upon the occurrence of the insured individuals or individuals death or other event,such as termin
13、al illness or critical illness.In return,the policy owner agrees to pay a stipulated amount called a premium at regular intervals or in lump sums.9focus1text 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextText Organization10focus1text 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Text OrganizationBackNext11focus1text 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextT
14、ext Organization12 1 The man in the ticket office said,“Have an accident insurance ticket,also?”2 “No,”I said,after studying the matter over a little.“No,I believe not;I am going to be traveling by rail all day today.However,tomorrow I dont travel.Give me one for tomorrow.”focus1text2.Text:The Dange
15、r of Lying in BedTranslation躺在床上的危险1 1 售票处的售票员问我：“意外险要不要也买一份？”2 2“不，”我考虑了一会儿后回答道，“我想不用了，今天我要坐一天火车。不过，明天我不旅行，给我来张明天的吧。”上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext Note that the word“also”isusuallyusedbeforethemainverbor after the linking verb in asentence,butoccasionallyitmayalso be used at the end of asentenceoreve
16、natthebeginningofasentence.e.g.Iwillhavecream,andsugaralso.I believe not:I believe that Iwonthaveanaccidentinsuranceticket.Theword“not”hereisusedafter“believe”to replace a negativeclausebeginningwith“that”.Similarly:Ihopenot;Iamafraidnot;Iguessnot.cf.Idontthinkso.In this sentence,the presentindefini
17、tetenseisusedtoindicatethatsomethingwillhappenaccording to the arrangement/plan.e.g.Theirdelegationarrivesheretomorrow.School begins the day aftertomorrow.13 3 The man looked puzzled.He said,“But it is for accident insurance,and if you are going to travel by rail”4 “If I am going to travel by rail I
18、 shouldnt need it.Lying at home in bed is the thing I am afraid of.”focus1textTranslation3 3 售票员一脸迷茫。他说：“这保的可是意外事故险，如果您要坐火车旅行的话”4 4“如果我是坐火车旅行，就不需要买保险。我怕的是在家里躺在床上。”上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext Questions about Paras.1-4 Notethattheword“should”inthissentenceisusedtogivetentativeopinions.2.Text:The Dange
19、r of Lying in Bed14focus1text 1.Why did the narrator want to buy an accident insurance ticket for the next day when he didnt plan to travel?Because the narrator believed that it was relatively safer to gotravelingbyrailthantostayathome.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext2.Why did the man in the ticket offic
20、e look puzzled?Normally,peoplewouldbuyaccidentinsuranceticketswhentheywenttraveling,andtheywouldnotneedonewhentheystayedathome.Butthenarratorsbehaviorwentcontrarytocommonsensehewantedaninsuranceticketforlyinginbedasopposedtotravelingbyrail,andthatseemedsomethingquiteabnormaltothemanintheticketoffice
21、.2.Text:The Danger of Lying in Bed155 I had been looking into this matter.Last year I traveled twenty thousand miles,almost entirely by rail;the year before,I traveled over twenty-five thousand miles,half by sea and half by rail;and the year before that I traveled in the neighborhood of ten thousand
22、 miles,exclusively by rail.I suppose if I put in all the little odd journeys here and there,I may say I have traveled sixty thousand miles during the three years I have mentioned.AND NEVER AN ACCIDENT.focus1textTranslation5 5 之前我一直在研究这个问题。去年我的行程有两万英里，几乎全是坐火车；前年行程有两万五千多英里，一半乘船一半坐火车；大前年大约是一万英里，全部坐火车。我
23、想，如果再把零零散散的行程加起来的话，这三年当中，我的行程已达六万英里，而且从没出过意外从没出过意外。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 2.Text:The Danger of Lying in Bed16 6 For a good while I said to myself every morning:“Now I have escaped thus far,and so the chances are just that much increased that I shall catch it this time.I will be shrewd,and buy a
24、n accident ticket.”And to a dead moral certainty I drew a blank,and went to bed that night without a joint started or a bone splintered.I got tired of that sort of daily bother,and fell to buying accident tickets that were good for a month.I said to myself,“A man cant buy thirty blanks in one bundle
25、.”focus1textTranslation6 6 有好一阵子，我每天早晨都会自言自语：“到目前为止，所有的意外我都逃过了，那么这次让我撞上意外的机率又大了点。现在我得聪明点，给自己买一份意外险。”但是，一切还是白搭。晚上我上床睡觉时还是好手好脚的，既没脱臼也没骨折。这样日复一日，我也厌烦了，于是，我索性一次购买了可以保上一个月的意外事故险。我对自己说：“一次买三十张，总不见得都是空票。”上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext Meaning:I have avoided manyaccidentssofar,sotheprobabilityofmy being caught
26、 in an accidentthistime has much increased.I will bewiseand sensibleenough to buy anaccidentticketbeforetraveling.注意文中的“thechancesare.”与固 定 搭 配“(the)chances are(that)+从句”不同，后者意思是“itislikelythat(有可能)”。e.g.Chances are that they willtravelbycar.Chancesarethatyouwillbefiredifyouignorethebossswarning.shr
27、ewd:a.1)高明的；判断准确的e.g.Heisashrewdmerchantandknowswherehisprofitis.I have a shrewd idea who themysteriouscallerwas.2)狡猾的e.g.Hes a shrewd lawyer whoknowsallthetricks.Meaning:It is quite sure thatnothinghappenedtome,andIwenttobedthatnightsafeandsound.Meaning:Iwasfedupwithbeingbothered by such things eve
28、ry day,andbegantobuyaccidentticketsthatlastedforamonth.dead:ad.完全地，绝对地e.g.Having driven for ten hourswithoutabreak,Imnowdeadtired.Imdeadsurethatshefailedthejobinterview.moral certainty:确信无疑的把握，绝对的把握e.g.Theteachertoldhimthatitwasamoralcertainty thathedpasstheexam.draw a blank:白搭；失败；抽空签e.g.I tried loo
29、king him up in thedirectorybutIdrewablank.Shetriedtomakehimrecognizeher,butdrewablank.start:vi./vt.（使）松动，脱开e.g.The doctor suspected that thejoints of his right wrist had beenstartedinthecollision.fall to(doing sth.):开始做某事e.g.Shefelltobroodingaboutwhathadhappenedtoher.2.Text:The Danger of Lying in Be
30、d17focus1text 7 But I was mistaken.There was never a prize in the lot.I could read of railway accidents every day the newspaper atmosphere was foggy with them;but somehow they never came my way.I found I had spent a good deal of money in the accident business,and had nothing to show for it.(To be co
31、ntinued)Translation7 7 然而我错了，我从没中过任何彩头。我每天都能从报纸上读到铁路事故。尽管报纸上的报道总是云里雾里的，可不知怎的，这些事故从未降临到我头上。我发现自己投在保险上的钱不少，却连个气泡也没看见。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext Meaning:IfoundthatIhadspentalot of money in buying accidentinsurancetickets,butImadenoprofitatall.(have)nothing/something to show forsth.:在方面没/有结果，在方面没/有成绩e.
32、g.Allthoseyearsofhardwork,andnothingtoshowforit.2.Text:The Danger of Lying in Bed18focus1textMy suspicions were aroused,and I began to hunt around for somebody that had won in this lottery.I found plenty of people who had invested,but not an individual that had ever had an accident or made a cent.I
33、stopped buying accident tickets and went to ciphering.The result was astounding.THE PERIL LAY NOT IN TRAVELING,BUT IN STAYING AT HOME.Translation我不免心生疑窦，开始到处寻访中了彩头的人，结果发现投资的人虽然不少，但却没有一个人发生过意外或赚到一个铜板。从此，我不再购买意外险，而是做起了算术。结果令人大吃一惊：危险不在旅途上，而是在家中危险不在旅途上，而是在家中。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext Question about Pa
34、ra.72.Text:The Danger of Lying in Bed19focus1text 3.What does“prize”in the sentence“There was never a prize in the lot”refer to?Theword“prize”inthissentencereferstoprofitorrewardfromtheaccidentbusiness,afterspendingagooddealofmoneyinit.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext2.Text:The Danger of Lying in Bed20fo
35、cus1text 8 I hunted up statistics,and was amazed to find that after all the glaring newspaper headlines concerning railroad disasters,less than three hundred people had really lost their lives by those disasters in the preceding twelve months.The Erie road was set down as the most murderous in the l
36、ist.(To be continued)Translation8 我四处搜寻数据，结果惊奇地发现，尽管报纸上关于铁路事故的标题触目惊心，然而，在过去的十二个月里死于铁路灾难的人数还不足三百。榜单上最凶险的夺命线路是伊利线。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 2.Text:The Danger of Lying in Bed21focus1textIt had killed forty-six or twenty-six,I do not exactly remember which,but I know the number was double that of any
37、other road.But the fact straightway suggested itself that the Erie was an immensely long road,and did more business than any other line in the country;so the double number of the killed ceased to be matter for surprise.Translation该线路已致死四十六人，或者是二十六人。具体是哪个数字我记得不太清楚，但我知道这至少是别的线路致死人数的两倍。然而很明显的是，伊利线极其漫长，
38、而且是全国最为繁忙的线路，因此，两倍的致死人数就不足为怪了。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext Meaning:Butitimmediatelyoccurredtomethatthefactwasthatthe Erie was quite a long road,andcarried more passengers than anyother line in theUnitedStates;asaresult,it was no wonder that thenumberofpeoplekilledonthislinewasdoublethatofanyotherline
39、.straightway:ad.立刻，马上；直接地e.g.The waitress took the orderfromthecustomerstraightway.Notethatstraightwayhasthesamemeaningasstraightaway.suggest itself:（想法等）出现在的心中e.g.His silence suggested itselfthat he was unwilling to lend hermoney.2.Text:The Danger of Lying in Bed22focus1text9 By further figuring,it
40、 appeared that between New York and Rochester the Erie ran eight passenger-trains each way every day 16 altogether,and carried a daily average of 6,000 persons.That is about a million in six months the population of New York City.(To be continued)Translation 9 9 经过进一步计算，我发现在纽约和罗切斯特之间的伊利线每天两地互发八趟客车，共
41、十六车次，日均载客六千人次，半年累计载客一百万左右相当于纽约市的总人口。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 2.Text:The Danger of Lying in Bed23focus1textWell,the Erie kills from 13 to 23 persons of its million in six months;and in the same time 13,000 of New Yorks million die in their beds!My flesh crept,my hair stood on end.“This is appallin
42、g!”I said.“The danger isnt in traveling by rail,but in trusting to those deadly beds.I will never sleep in a bed again.”Translation那么，伊利线路上六个月的死亡总人数为一百万分之十三至二十三；而同期，纽约市死在床上的人数为一百万分之一万三千！简直令人不寒而栗，毛骨悚然。“太可怕了！”我说，“危险的不是坐火车出行，而是把自己托付给致命的睡床。我绝不再在床上睡觉了。”上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext Meaning:Iwasterrifiedand
43、said,“Thisishorrifying!Thedangerdoesnot lie in traveling by train,but inhaving faith in beds which willprobablycausemydeath.Iwillneversleepinabedagain.”“Myfleshcrept”comesfromtheidiom“make ones flesh creep”which means“to make one feelnervous,frightened,orfilledwithloathing(使某人感觉紧张、害怕或厌恶)”.e.g.The me
44、re sight of snakesmakesmyfleshcreep.“Myhairstoodonend”isderivedfrom the idiom“make ones hairstandonend”whichmeans“tofillonewithfrightorhorror(使人毛骨悚然)”.e.g.Thathorrormoviemademyhairstandonend.2.Text:The Danger of Lying in Bed24focus1text10 I had figured on considerably less than one-half the length o
45、f the Erie road.It was plain that the entire road must transport at least eleven or twelve thousand people every day.There are many short roads running out of Boston that do fully half as much;a great many such roads.There are many roads scattered about the Union that do a prodigious passenger busin
46、ess.(To be continued)Translation10 我继续盘算着，上述数据还远远不到伊利线的一半。可以肯定，整条线路每天至少运送旅客11000到12000人。波士顿有许多短途铁路通往各地，它们的客运量加在一起，也足有伊利线客运量的一半了。这样的铁路还有很多，它们散布在全国各地，承担着巨大的客运量。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 2.Text:The Danger of Lying in Bed25focus1textTherefore it was fair to presume that an average of 2,500 passengers
47、a day for each road in the country would be almost correct.There are 846 railway lines in our country,and 846 times 2,500 is 2,115,000.So the railways of America move more than two million people every day;six hundred and fifty million people a year,without counting the Sundays.(To be continued)Tran
48、slation这样算来，美国每条铁路日均客运量应该有 2500人；那么，美国现有846条铁路，846乘以2500，等于2115000；也就是说，美国的铁路每天运送旅客200多万人。不算星期天的话，每年运送旅客可达6.5亿人。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 2.Text:The Danger of Lying in Bed26focus1textThey do that,too there is no question about it;though where they get the raw material is clear beyond the jurisdict
49、ion of my arithmetic,for I have hunted the census through and through,and I find that there are not that many people in the United States,by a matter of six hundred and ten million at the very least.They must use some of the same people over again,likely.Translation但毫无疑问，星期天它们也是照常运行的。至于它们从哪里弄到那么多的“原
50、材料”，这个问题显然不是靠我加减乘除就能弄清的。我翻来覆去地查阅了人口普查资料，发现美国并没有那么多人口，实际相差至少6.1亿人，这些线路想必是把某些人反复运送了多次。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext Meaning:becauseIhavesearched and studied the officialcounting ofourcountrystotalpopulationagainandagain,andIfindthattherearenotsomanypeople(sixhundred and fifty million)in theUnited States