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1、grammargrammar非非谓语动词2021/8/11 星期三1一般式完成式进行式不定式Ing 形式过去分词主动被动主动被动被动to do to be donedoingbeing donedoneto have doneto have been donehaving donehaving been doneto be doing 2021/8/11 星期三2非谓语动词的否定形式：非谓语动词的否定形式：直接在非谓语动词前加not/never,即 not to do/never to do not/never doing 不定式的复合结构：for/of sb.to do sth.过去分词的否
2、定一般在词前加前缀Unfinished unbroken2021/8/11 星期三3非谓语动词的做题步骤：1。判定是否用非谓语动词形式。方法：看句子中是否有了谓语动词 2。找非谓语动词的逻辑主语 方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是 句子的主语 3。判定主被动关系 方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动 还是被动关系 4。判定时间关系 方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示 的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，之后还是同时。之前常用done，之后用to do,同时一般用doing.2021/8/11 星期三4一。非谓语动词作为主语和表语的比较 1。不定式和动名词作为主语和表语 (1).不定式表示一次性的，具体
3、的动作；ing 常表示一般的，泛指的或者是 习惯性的动作 is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A.the walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk 分析：a good form 暗示泛指一般的行 为，用动名词作主语 2021/8/11 星期三5(2).不定式做主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：it is+adj./n.(for/of sb.)to do sth.如：It is very important for us to learn english well.It is very kind of y
4、ou to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：it is no use/good doing sth.its useless doing sth.2021/8/11 星期三62。分词作表语 记住：一些表示情感，情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态 常用动词有以下：surprise(使某人吃惊）,surprising(令人吃惊），surprised（主语感到吃惊）类似的动词有：excite(激动），astonish(惊奇），shock(震惊）,scare(惊恐）disappoint(失明）move(感动）2021/8/11 星期三7 例
5、如：the movie is exciting.We are excited at the news.在seem/appear (似乎，好像）prove/turn out (被证明是）,remain (仍然是，尚待）等连系动词后，可以用不定式作表语。如：He seemed(to be)very happy.Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple,but it remains to be seen whether they wil enjoy it.2021/8/11 星期三82。不定式，动名词，分词作表语的比较 1。不定式，动名词作表语，
6、表示主语 的内容，如：My job is teaching/to teach English.(teaching/to teach english 是my job 的内容 Knowing who we are means knowing what we ike to do.(主语，表语要用同一形式）2021/8/11 星期三9二。不定式，动名词作宾语的比较：1。只能接不定式的动词：（1）想要：want,would like,would prefer,ask,demand,intend desire (2)希望：wish,hope,expect (3)决定：agree,decide ,manag
7、e,plan,promise,choose,continue,prepare,make up ones mind,try ones best,apply,offer (4)happen,learn,fail,pretend,refuse,afford.2021/8/11 星期三102.只能接动名词的动词：suggest,advise(建议）,finish,mind(介意），enjoy(喜欢）,appreciate (鉴赏，感激）,forbid(禁止）,avoid(避免）cant help doing(忍不住）,feel like(想要）delay,put off(推迟），give up(放弃）
8、，be busy 忙于），be worth（值得）,practise (练习）2021/8/11 星期三11 3.接不定式与接动名词意义不同的动词：remember to do 记得去做；remember doing 记得做过 forget to do 忘记去做；forget doing 忘记做过了 regret to do 遗憾去做；regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 设法去做；try doing 试着做 go on to do 接着做另一件事；go on doing 继续做同一件事 mean to do 打算做；mean doing 意味着做 stop to do 停下
9、来去做；stop doing 停止做 cant help(to)do 不能帮助做；cant help doing 忍不住做 例如：I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report.A,to go B.To have gone C.Going D.having gone 2021/8/11 星期三124.要接动名词的几个句型：prevent/stop/keep sb./sth,from doing (阻止做）spend/waste time/money in doing
10、sth.have some difficulty/trouble/problems in doing (在做有困难）have a hard/good time in doing sth.5.含介词to 的短语 look forward to (盼望）；devoteto 致力于，献身于 be/get used to 习惯于；lead to 导致 equal to 等于，能胜任；pay attention to 注意 refer to 谈到；所指，涉及 belong to 属于；例如：Mr.Read made up his mind to devote all he had to-some sch
11、ools for poor children.A.set up B.Setting up C.Have set up D.Having set up 2021/8/11 星期三136。介词 but（除了）后接不定式，如：have no choice but to do sth.没有别的选择，只有做.但是当but 前有行为动词do 时候，but 后的不定式省略to,如：Candy could do nothing but to his teacher that he was wrong.A.admit B.Admitted C.Admitting D.To admit7.Permit/allow
12、 (允许），advise(建议），forbid(禁止）有两种用法：一种后接动名词，二是后接sb.+to do sth,8.Need,want,require 意为“需要”，主语是物时，用句型：require,want,need +doing (用动词ing 主动形式表被动意义）+to be done 2021/8/11 星期三14宾语补足语宾语补足语1.He often sees the girl dance under the tree.2.He saw the girl dancing under the tree.3.He found the house broken into when
13、 he got home.to do,doing,done2021/8/11 星期三15Part 2 宾语补足语宾语补足语 根据汉语选择正确的答案根据汉语选择正确的答案1 We heard her _ next door.（我（我们听到她在隔壁唱歌。）们听到她在隔壁唱歌。）2 We often heard her _ next door.（我们常常听到她在隔壁唱歌。）（我们常常听到她在隔壁唱歌。）3 We heard the song _ by her next door.（在隔壁我们听见这首歌被她唱过。）（在隔壁我们听见这首歌被她唱过。）4 We heard the song _ next
14、door.（我们听见在隔壁有人正唱这首歌。）（我们听见在隔壁有人正唱这首歌。）singingsingsungto sing,singing,sing,sung,being sungbeing sung2021/8/11 星期三16三.不定式，现在分词，过去分词作宾语补足语的比较 1.不定式作宾语补足语，如：ask sb.to do sth.(sb.作宾语，to do sth,宾语+宾补=复合宾语）2021/8/11 星期三172.使役动词后接不带to的不定式 let/make/have sb do sth 注意：get sb to do sth 一译为“让某人做某事”Though he had
15、 often made his little sister ,today he was made by his sister.A.Cry,to cry B.crying,crying B.C.Cry,cry D.To cry,cry 2021/8/11 星期三183.感官动词后做宾补的非谓语形式 感官动词：feel,see,hear,watch,notice 句型：感官动词+sb +doing/do/done (分别表示正在发生，全过程，被动完成）(1)they know her very well.They had seen her up from childhood.A.grow B.Gr
16、ew C.Was growing D.To grow (2).The missing boy was last seen near the river.A.playing B.To be playing C.play D.to play 2021/8/11 星期三194.With 的复合结构：with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补 其中宾补可以是形容词，副词（其中宾补可以是形容词，副词（in,out),介词短语，介词短语，非谓语形式。非谓语形式。With 的复合结的复合结 构的宾补中的非谓语形式构的宾补中的非谓语形式to do 表示将来，表示将来，doing 表示主动和进行，表示主动和进行，done 表
17、示被动和表示被动和 完成完成 （1）the murderer was brought in,with his hands behind his back.A,being tied B,having tied C.to be tied D.Tied 2021/8/11 星期三205.Have 句型：have sb do sth have sb doing sth have sb/sth done have sth done 表示两种意义：请别人做，而不是主语做；以为事故引起的 （1）he didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had
18、his watch .A.to repair B.repaired C.repairing D.repair2021/8/11 星期三216.Find+宾语+宾补（doing/done);keep+宾语+doing catch+sb+doing(撞见某人在做）；smell+sb+doing(察觉某人在做）（1）he looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.To be putting C.To put D.Putting 2021/8/11 星期三227.表示“认为”的 thin
19、k,believe,consider,judge 等，常用句型：think sb(to be)+adj./n.be considered to have done sth (被认为已做了某事）8.Make oneself understood/heard/known,即用了过去分词作宾补9.句型 it is said/reported/thought /known that 可变成：sb./sth.Be said/reported to have done sth.(1)Robert is said abroad ,but I dont know what country he studied
20、 in.A.To have studied B.To study C.To be studying D.To have been studying 2021/8/11 星期三23四.不定式，现在分词，过去分词作状语比较 1.不定式作目的，原因，结果状语 （1）作目的状语，有三种形式，可互换：to do,in order to do,so as to do (不用于句首）（2）原因：不定式常在表示情绪反应的形容 词后。如：happy,sorry,glad,sad,surprised,disappointed,不定式不妨在句首，如：I am sorry to hear that your fath
21、er is ill.2021/8/11 星期三24 (3)结果：常用 only to do 来表示未 曾预料到的或令人不快的情况，其动作 发生在位于动词之后。另外;固定结构 tooto do,enough to do,so/such as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语（4）在形容词后做状语，只用不定式，如：The book is easy to read.(=it is easy to read the book.)We find the lake safe to swim in.(注意尾介词）2021/8/11 星期三252.现在分词，过去分词可以作时间，条件，让步，方式，原因，结果等
22、状语，就不做目的状语。注：表示时间，条件，或者让步的分词，有时可带上连词 （if,unless,when,while ,once,though,although)(1).Time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.giving D.Given (2）.I dont attend his wedding .A.Unless invited B.If invited C。Unless invitingI2021/8/11 星期三26doing to be donebeing done done定语定语进
23、行主动进行主动将来被动将来被动进行被动进行被动完成被动完成被动2021/8/11 星期三27定语定语1.The school to be built next year is for the disabled children.2.Most of the workers building these houses are from the countryside 3.The school built last year is for the disabled children.to do,doing，done2021/8/11 星期三28五.三种非谓语动词作定语的比较：1.不定式作定语 常表示
24、“用要做”和“修饰the +序数词”。常用句型如下：have/there be/with+宾语+to do 分析：以I have homework to do.为例，不定式作定语有两种关系：主谓关系：I do homework 动宾关系：to do 与 homework 构成 动宾关系 2021/8/11 星期三29注意：以Jack,do you have some clothes?A.to wash B.To be washed ,为例，分析：（1）动宾关系：wash clothes 成立 （2）主谓关系：you wash clothes成立吗？根据句意，显然不是，这里的洗衣服是说话者做，而
25、不是句子的 主语you 做的，所以 只能用不定式的被动式。He gave me a book t read.2021/8/11 星期三30（1）。There are five pairs ,but I am at a loss which to choose.A.To be chosen B.to choose from C.To choose D.For choose (2).There are always people to if you feel like a chat.A.talk to B.talked C.Speak about D.Speak to talk 与people 构
26、成动宾关系，要用短语 talk to/with 2021/8/11 星期三312.分词作定语：单个的分词作定语，放在被修饰 的名次前。而短语常放放在其后面 （1）.They made efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to china.(2).I want to write about people addicted to drugs.比较：a sleeping boy (=a boy who is sleeping);a swimming pool（=a pool for swimming)a falling leaves (=leav
27、es that are falling);fallen leaves(leaves that have fallen down a developing country(发展中国家）；a developed country (发达国家）2021/8/11 星期三32 这三个都表示被动，就是时间不同。To be done(表示将来）being done (表示同时进行）；done （表完成）注意：having been done 也表完成被动，但不用做定语。七个特殊句式：（1）why not do sth.?=why dont you do sth?(2)had better(not)do st
28、h 最好做（不做）2021/8/11 星期三33疑问词+不定式 结构 (1)what/to do (what/which 作do de 逻辑宾语，what 意为“什么”,which 表示 选择 (2)when/where/how to do sth.(3)whether to do sth(不用if)(4)why(not)do sth (why 后面省略to)“疑问词+不定式”在句中作主语或宾语，如：A reporter must know how to ask the right questions and how to get people to talk about the topic.
29、(作宾语）2021/8/11 星期三34特殊的独立结构：有些非谓语形式已经为固定用语，用来表示 说话人对说话内容所持的态度。（1）现在分词的独立结构：judging from/by;generally speaking;strictly speaking (2)不定式的独立结构：to tell you the truth ;to make things worse to start/begin with (3)believe it or not (信不信由你）作连词的分词considering (考虑到，就而言），providing/provided 假如 supposing (假如）有些词用来表示条件的连词，后接 that 从句2021/8/11 星期三352021/8/11 星期三362021/8/11 星期三37