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1、非谓语动词2021/8/11 星期三1不定式不定式过去分词过去分词动名词动名词现在分词现在分词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补 2021/8/11 星期三2三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击：高考题点击：1.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.(93 N)A.angrily pointingB.and point angrily C.angrily pointedD.and angrily pointing2.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carria
2、ge _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.（04上海春季）上海春季）A.seizing.,disappeared B.seized.,disappeared C.seizing,disappearing D.seized,disappearing 两个动作之间用两个动作之间用 and and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故个动词的形式的一致性，故B B、D D皆错；不用皆错；不用 and and 连接时称之连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状
3、语，故C C错。错。seized seized 和和 took took 是并列谓语，是并列谓语，disappearing disappearing 是伴随状语。此是伴随状语。此题的关键是题的关键是and and 的位置，如果的位置，如果 and and 在在 disappear disappear 前，则三个前，则三个动词并列。动词并列。AD2021/8/11 星期三3四、非谓语动词作主语和表语四、非谓语动词作主语和表语1.Fishing is his favorite hobby,and _.(01 上海上海)A.hed like to collect coins as well B.he
4、 feels like collecting coins,too C.to collect coins is also his hobby D.collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.(05北京卷北京卷)A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having在在 and and 连接的并列句中，两个主语要保持一致的形式。连接的并
5、列句中，两个主语要保持一致的形式。动名词动名词 fishing fishing 和和 collecting coins collecting coins 分别作两个简单分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。他带来极大的乐趣。”DD2021/8/11 星期三4非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题，如：并行结构问题，如：Seeing is believing./To see is to believe.第二需要注意一些结构：第二需要注意
6、一些结构：A)在在 Its no use(good;value;importance)等结构中只用动等结构中只用动名词作主语。名词作主语。如：如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow 注意比较：注意比较：Theres no need to tell him about it.B)在在 Its+adj.结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：Its easy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;the f
7、irst,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enough)后加后加 for sb.to doIts kind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自自私的私的)后加后加 of sb.to do2021/8/11 星期三53.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficul
8、t.(99 N)A.not make B.not to makeB.C.not making D.do not makeB 动词不定式短语动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及及 not to make it more difficult 都都作作 purpose 的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。一般来说，不定式作表语都一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等
9、名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示示“身份、职业身份、职业”等。另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表等。另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。语的区别。2021/8/11 星期三6五、非谓语动词作定语五、非谓语动词作定语 1.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.（04上海）上海）A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt 2.A
10、man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night.（04江苏）江苏）A.advised B.attended C.attempted D.admitted 该题的谓语动词是该题的谓语动词是 attract attract，“闻起来很香闻起来很香”用来用来作定语修饰主语作定语修饰主语 flowers flowers。BC“谋杀谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。2021/8/11 星期三73.The picture _ on the wall is painted b
11、y my nephew.(00 北京春季北京春季)A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hungBhang hang 作及物动词用时表示人为的作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂挂”；作不及；作不及物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的hang hang 为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。2021/8/11 星期三84.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(99 上海上海)A.to be chosenB.to
12、 choose from C.to chooseD.for choosing动词不定式动词不定式 to choose from to choose from 和和 to choose to choose 都可以作定都可以作定语，问题是语，问题是 to choose to choose 作定语时名词是作定语时名词是 choose choose 的对的对象；象；to choose from to choose from 作定语时，该名词是作定语时，该名词是 choose choose 的的范围。该题指的是范围范围。该题指的是范围.B2021/8/11 星期三9非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：非谓
13、语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：A)A)分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；B)动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；C)不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：D)在在 time,chance,right 等名词后；等名词后；E)在序数词后；在序数词后；F)在在 wish,need,demand,requirement 等词后。等词后。D)表示表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：done表示已经完成的动作表示已经完成的动作
14、to be done表示尚未开始的动作表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作表示正在进行之中的动作2021/8/11 星期三10六、非谓语动词作宾补六、非谓语动词作宾补The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.(95 N)A.not toB.not to do C.not to itD.do not toA为了避免重复，常用省略形式为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如：来代替前面的动作。如：Would you like to visit our
15、 school?Yes,Id like to.有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除 tell 外，常见的还外，常见的还有：有：adviseallowcauseconsider encourage forbid forceintendorder permitpersuade remind request requireurge warn ask wish want 等等特别注意：特别注意：hope,agree,demand,suggest 等没有宾补。等没有宾补。2021/8/11 星期三112.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He a
16、lways works hard.(95 N)A.learnB.to learn C.learned D.learning使役动词使役动词 make/have/let sb.do sth.但改为被动语但改为被动语态后，则应为：态后，则应为：be made/let to do。注意其它不。注意其它不带带 to to 的动词不定式的用法。的动词不定式的用法。B2021/8/11 星期三123.A computer does only what thinking people _.(99 上海上海)A.have it doB.have it doneC.have done it D.having i
17、t doneA此句中的此句中的 it it 指代的是指代的是 a computer a computer，what what 在从句在从句中作中作 do do 的宾语，表示的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事人们让计算机所做的事“应该用应该用 people have a computer do people have a computer do 这一这一结构。需要注意的是结构。需要注意的是 have have 的几个常用结构：的几个常用结构：have sb./sth.do;have sb./sth.done;have sb./sth.doing;have sb./sth.to do2021/8/
18、11 星期三134.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.(00 N)A.carry outB.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out5.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.(94 N)A.playing B.to be playingC.playD.to playthat 引导的是定语从句，修饰引导的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作，在从句中作 see 的的宾语。因此从
19、句中的结构应为宾语。因此从句中的结构应为 see the plan carried out。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。为正在进行的动作。CA2021/8/11 星期三14七、非谓语动词作宾语七、非谓语动词作宾语 1.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.(95
20、N)A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met2.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ to my new job.(00 N)A.expectedB.to expect C.to be expecting D.expectsCB注意注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,p
21、lan,pretend,等；等；注意注意2：动词动词 know,show 等常带疑问词加等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。作宾语。2021/8/11 星期三153.I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.(01 上海上海)A.to have had timeB.having time C.to have timeD.to having timeB仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent fi
22、nish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow advise permit forbid 但如果在但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有关的人，后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。就只能用不定式作宾补。在动词在动词 want,need,require,demand 等词后加动名词作宾语等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。2021/8/11 星期三164.-You were brave enough to rais
23、e objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.(95 N)A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done5.-Let me tell you something about the journalists.-Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday?(99 上海上海)A.toldB.tellingC.to tellto have told6.In some parts of London,missing a bus means _ fo
24、r another hour.(02 上海春季上海春季)A.waiting B.to waitC.waitD.to be waitingDBA特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词：特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词：remember,forget,regret,try,go on,mean,miss,stop2021/8/11 星期三177.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?(93 N)A.to takeB.takeC.takingD.to be taking8.-I must apologize for _
25、 ahead of time.-Thats all right.(94 N)A.letting you not knowB.not letting you know C.letting you know notD.letting not you know9.Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.(01 上海春季上海春季)A.admitB.admitted C.admitting D.to admitCBA介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但有三个介词介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但有三个介词 but(except)/th
26、an/be about 后要接不定式作宾语。后要接不定式作宾语。2021/8/11 星期三1810.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _a bicycle.(94 N)A.ride rideB.riding ride C.ride to rideD.to ride riding注意注意 prefer 的几个常用句型：的几个常用句型：prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.prefer doing sth.to doing sth.prefer+n.to+n.C2021/8/11 星期三1911.Mr
27、.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.(01 上海春季上海春季)A.set upB.setting upC.have set upD.having set up12.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.(02 北京北京)A.to s
28、olving making B.to solving made C.to solve makingD.to solve madeBB要特别注意要特别注意 to 的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。admit to，be accustomed to 习惯于，习惯于，be used to，stick to，turn to，devote oneself to，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to,get down to 等等 2021/8/11 星期三20八、非谓语动词作状语八、非谓语动词作状语1.-Mum,why
29、do you always make me eat an egg every day?-_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.(99 上海上海)A.GetB.GettingC.To getD.To be getting2._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.(01 北京春季北京春季)A.To sleepB.Sleeping C.SleepD.Having slept3.In order to make our city green,_.(02 上海春季上海春季)A.
30、it is necessary to have planted more trees B.many more trees need to plant C.our city needs more trees D.we must plant more treesCAD2021/8/11 星期三214._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.(96 N)A.Losing B.Having lost C.LostD.To lose5._ the general state of his health,it may take him
31、 a while to recover from the operation.(00 北京春季北京春季)A.GivenB.To giveC.GivingD.Having given6.He sent me an E-mail,_ to get further information.(00 上海上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.to hopeD.hopelose oneself in sth.表示表示“陷入陷入”，主语，主语 he 为为 lose 的宾语。的宾语。given 作状语意为作状语意为“考虑到考虑到”，意思相当于，意思相当于 considering。注意注意 hoping 为伴
32、随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的的 to get。CAB2021/8/11 星期三227.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.(02 N)A.begins B.having begunC.beginningD.begun8.Finding her car stolen,_.(01 上海上海).A.a policeman was asked to help B.the area was searching thoroughly C.it wa
33、s looked for everywhere D.she hurried to a policeman for help once once 在此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主在此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语的关系。语的关系。beginbegin为及物动词，意为为及物动词，意为“开始、启动开始、启动”，故该用过去分词。故该用过去分词。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。DD2021/8/11 星期三23九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动 1.I would love _ to the party last night but
34、I had to work extra hours to finish a report.(97 N)A.to go B.having goneC.goingD.to have gone2.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.(99 N)A.to have studiedB.to study C.to be studyingD.to have been studyingDA would love to have done would love to have done 表示本想去做，但没做成。表示
35、本想去做，但没做成。本题的关键是本题的关键是“what country he studied in”“what country he studied in”，由，由此可知事情发生在过去。此可知事情发生在过去。2021/8/11 星期三243.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _ everything.(01 上海上海)A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the
36、old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.(02 N)A.to seeB.to be seenC.seeingD.seen本题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前，所以你本题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有必要再隐瞒了。现在没有必要再隐瞒了。remain 后接后接 to do，此处，此处 it 指代的是后面的主语从句。他指代的是后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。DB2021/8/11 星期三255._ to sunlight for too much time w
37、ill do harm to ones skin.(02 上海上海)A.ExposedB.Having exposed C.Being exposedD.After being exposed6._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.(01 N)A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered7.Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.(00 上海上海)A.having not bee
38、n invitedB.not having invited C.having not invited D.not having been invited该句缺主语，只能用动名词才能作主语。该句缺主语，只能用动名词才能作主语。CAD2021/8/11 星期三268.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(02 上海春季上海春季)A.settled B.settlingC.to settleD.being settled with+n./pron.+O.C.构成一个独
39、立主格结构，在句中构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用作状语。用 settled 表示已经解决了的问题；用表示已经解决了的问题；用 being settled 表示正在被解决的问题；用表示正在被解决的问题；用 to be settled 表示将表示将要被解决的问题。而此处的要被解决的问题。而此处的 to settle 是用来作定语修饰是用来作定语修饰前面的前面的 problems。另外还要注意一下分词的独立主格结构的基本用法。另外还要注意一下分词的独立主格结构的基本用法。C2021/8/11 星期三272021/8/11 星期三282021/8/11 星期三292021/8/11 星期三30