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1、高中英语高考英语名词常考必考知识点总结带答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）1 This morning, Jenny was praised by our English teacher because of her good in the English competition.A. performB. performingC. performedD. performance答案：D解析：考查名词词性转换。句意：今天早晨，詹妮被英语老师表扬了，因为她在这次英语竞赛中的良好表现。分析 可知空格处是名词作宾语，指英语竞赛中的良好表现，故应用名词performance,此处为不可数名词。应选D
2、项。2、While the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was under construction, how to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top.A. concernsB. trendsC. characteristicsD. preferences答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管青藏铁路在建设中，但是如何保护脆弱的生态环境列在了最大的担忧之列。A. concerns担忧；B. trends潮流;C.characteristics特征;D. preferences偏好。根据常识可知,对生态环境的破
3、坏问题是公众所担忧的问题，只有A项符合语义逻辑，应选A项。3、 The sunset was a very beautiful.A. sightB. registrationC. nationD. volunteer答案:A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：日落是非常美丽的景色。A. sight景色；B. registration注册；C.nation国家；D. volunteer志愿者。由上文“The sunset”可知，日落是美丽的景色，应选A。4、The lucky man had a narrow in series of accidents the other day.B.passage
4、通道；C.way方式；D.approach方法。根据accesst。（使用.的机会）可知空格处填access。应选 Ao30、In a）two or more speakers express two or more opposing views.A. challengeB. scheduleC. opportunityD. debate答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在辩论中，两个或两个以上的发言者表达两种或两种以上相反的观点。A.challenge 挑战；B. schedule 计戈表；C. opportunity 机会；D. debate 辩论。根据后文“two or more s
5、peakers express two or more opposing views”提出两个或两个以上的发言者表达两种或两种以上相反的观点，可知是在 辩论中。应选D。31、What a! I wasnt expecting to see you here.A. classicB. characteristicC. certificateD. coincidence答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：真巧啊！我没想到会在这里见到你。A. classic经典，典范；B.characteristic特色；C. certificate 证书；D. coincidence 巧合。根据后文“I was
6、nt expecting to see you here.可知遇见是巧合,应用 coincidenceo 应选 Do32、 In the process of getting rid of racial, the USA is left far behind.A. discriminationB. compromiseC. substituteD. investigation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在摆脱种族歧视的过程中，美国被远远抛在后面。Adscrimination歧视；B promise 妥协；C.substitute 代替;D.investigation 调查。根据空前的
7、getting rid of racial”可知,此处指摆脱种族歧视，应选A项。1033、Hangzhou is such an city that it。代en makes a strong on visitors and its sights never fail toattract foreign tourists.A. impressed, impressionB. impressing , impressionC. impressive, impressD. impressive, impression答案：D解析：考查形容词和名词。句意：杭州是一座令人印象深刻的城市，它经常给游客留
8、下深刻的印象，它的风景总是 吸引着外国游客。第一个空要填形容词在句中做定语，修饰city。impressive令人难忘的，可以用于人，也 可以用于物；-ing形式形容词，一般用来修饰物体；-ed形式形容词一般用来修饰人。impressing一般不作形 容词用。make an impression on给留下印象。应选D。34、With the popularity of smart phones, people gradually lose the for watching television, which makes TVa decoration of the house.A. analy
9、sisB. appetiteC. incidentD. appreciation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着智能手机的普及，人们逐渐失去了看电视的兴趣，这使得电视成为了家里的 一种装饰。A. analysis 分析；B. appetite 兴趣，欲望；C. incident 事件；D. appreciation 欣赏。根据which makes TV a decoration of the house”可知，人们逐渐失去了看电视的兴趣，appetite符合题意。应选B。35、 I have decided to take the entrance examinations to
10、college.Wish you.A. a luckB. a good luckC. luckD. a success答案：c解析：考查名词的数。句意：一一我已经决定参加大学入学考试了。一一祝你好运。success表示成功时，为抽象概11念和luck （运气）均为不可数名词，前面不能用不定冠词，故排除A、B和D选项。wish you luck祝你好运。故 选Co36、During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without, must carry their ID card and show their health QR co
11、de before entering the hospital.A. permissionB. effortC. exceptionD. access答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在疾病大流行期间，所有患者及其家属，无一例外，在进入医院前都必须携带身 份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可；B. effort努力;C.exception例外;D.access通道。根据句意和句 中“all patients and their families”可知,句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外，exception意为例外， 名词词性，without exception意为无一例
12、外。应选C项。37、The couples kindness gave me a deep and reminded me of the best things about Christmas.A. impressionB. expressionC. descriptionD. collection答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇的善良给我留下了深刻的印象，让我想起了圣诞节最美好的事情。A.impression E|J象；B. expression 表达；C. description 描述；D. collection 收集, 收藏品。 根据and reminded me of t
13、he best things about Christmas.”可知，impression 印象,符合题意。应选 A 项。38、We are having a debate over the of smoking on our lungs.A. gainB. awardC. opportunityD. impact答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正在讨论吸烟对我们肺部的影响。A. gain好处，利益；B. award奖品，奖金;C.opportunity机会;D.impact影响。根据句意,空处需填名词impact,表示影响。应选D项。1239、The to success is t
14、o make good use of the chance to education.A. accessB. fountainC. potentialD. document答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功的途径是充分利用受教育的机会。A. access通路、入径；B.fountain喷泉；C. potential潜力；D.document文件。the access to.（的途径）符合句意。应选A项。40、 The ability to keep calm is one of her many. Owing to that, she was promoted to deal with
15、 the emergency.A. basesB. challengesC. benefitsD. strengths答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：保持冷静的能力是她的许多优点之一。因此，她被提拔去处理紧急情况。A. bases 基础，基地；B.challenges挑战;C.benefits好处；D. strengths优点。结合句意可知,此处指保持冷静是她众 多优点之一，strength符合题意。应选D。41、As expected, the boy who shows great in playing badminton has been admitted to the sport
16、 universityfor his talent.A. requirementB. respectC. additionD. promise答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，这个在打羽毛球方面大有可为的男孩因其天赋被体育大学录取。A.requirement要求;B. respect尊重；C.addition增力口; D.promise希望,可能性。根据句意，此处表达“那个男 孩在羽毛球方面展现了极大的成功的可能性。应选D项。42 Many people make a sharp between humans and other animals.A. balanceB. exam
17、inationC. distinctionD. conclusion13答案：c 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人把人类和其他动物区分得很清楚。A. balance平衡；B.examination检查；C. distinction区分；D.conclusion结论。根据后文“between humans and other animals指区分人类和其它动物，应 用 distinction。应选 C。43、 It is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a of 8.3.A. detailB. magnitudeC. ho
18、nourD. marathon答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为8.3级。A. detail细节；B.magnitude震级；C. honour荣誉；D. marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。应选B。44、Finally, the man became ill under the great of work.A. frightenedB. lovelyC. pressureD. unfamiliar答案：c解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：最后，这个人在巨大的工作压力下病倒了。A. frightened害怕的；B.lovely可
19、 爱的；C. pressure压力；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。结合句意和空格前定冠词the,以及作定语的形容词great可 知，应填入名词pressure（压力）作宾语,且under.pressure是常用词组,表示“承受压力。应选C项。45 What was the of the football match last night?AC Milan won the game.A. valueB. resultC. choiceD. decision答案：B解析：14 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一昨晚足球比赛的结果是什么？ 一一AC米兰赢了。A. value价值；B.result结果
20、;C. choice选择;D. decision决定。根据答语AC Milan won the game.可知此处是在问比赛结果,应选B。46、The lecture Jack Ma made in the 2018 Shanghai Forum of Zhejiang Merchants left us with a wonderfulhe gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.A. associationB. functionC. satisfactionD. impression答
21、案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：马云在2018年上海浙商论坛上的演讲给我们留下了很好的印象，他对未来的商业 会是什么样子做了很好的描述。A. association联系;B. function功能;C. satisfaction满足；D. impression印象。 根据后文he gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.（他对未来的商业会是什么样子 做了很好的描述。）可知，因为对未来商业有很好的描述，所以此处表示给我们留下了好的印象。应选D。47 Jamie deserves the
22、for trying his best to save the drowning boy.A. creditB. blameC. shockD. stress答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰米竭尽全力抢救落水男孩，值得赞扬。A. credit赞扬；B.blame责备；C. shock 震惊；D.stress 压力。根据后文“for trying his best to save the drowning boy”可知是值得赞扬，应用 credit。故 选A。48 Be as careful of the books you read, as of the you keep, for y
23、our habits and character will be as muchinfluenced by the as by the latter.A. resentment.formalB. company . .formerC. hatred.formalD. virtue.former答案：B 解析:15考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的习惯和性格受到前者 （书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒，formal正式的；B pany同伴，former前者（的）；C.hatred 憎恨,formal 正式的；D. virtu
24、e 美德，former 前者（的）。根据Be as careful of the booksyou read可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比拟，所以选同伴；根据the latter可知，第二空将前者和后者进行 比照,所以选前者,应选B。49 Her own experience as a child was marked with adversity in her youth, she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults.（找出划线单词的同义词或英文解释）A. fortuneB. hards
25、hipsC. prideD. kindness答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：她的童年经历充满了逆境和不顺一一小时候她被幼儿园拒收，就连大人都用难听的名字称 呼她。A. fortune 运气；B. hardships 逆境，艰难;C. pride 自豪；D. kindness 善行。根据后文“she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults”可知，她的童年是充满挫折和不顺的,所以划线词所 指的也应该是这种意思，与B选项含义相同。应选B项。50、 Mr. Wang was a man of bef
26、ore he turned.A. success, a writerB. a success, writerC. success, writerD. a success, a money答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。句意：王先生在成为作家之前是个成功人士。success成功，不可数名词。假设作可数名词，抽 象名词具体化，表示“一个成功的人或事情。此处前面已经有a,故of后面不用冠词a。a man of success一个 成功的人。turn为系动词，后面接名词作表语，turn writer成为作家，不用冠词，表示概念。应选C项。51、A poor economy has caused the o
27、f thousands of small businesses.A. complexityB. collapseC. convenienceD. correction16答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：经济不景气导致成千上万的小企业倒闭。A. complexity复杂性；B.collapse倒闭；C. convenience方便;D. correction改正。根据上文“A poor economy has caused”指经济不景气导致小企业倒闭, 应用collapseo应选Bo52、 “The next station is Bank!” comes the. Thats my d
28、estination.A. movementB. announcementC. techniqueD. documentary答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：广播传来下一站是银行站!。那是我的目的地。A.movement运动，活动；B.announcement通告，广播；C.technique 技术;D.documentary 记录电影节目。根据 The next station isBank!可知这是广播的通知。应选B项。53、 Life is full of, so we must think clearly about how to make them before decidin
29、g.A. choicesB. candlesC. colorsD. competitions答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活中充满了选择，所以我们必须在做出决定之前仔细地考虑清楚要如何做出选 择。A. choices 选择；B. candles 蜡烛；C. colors 颜色;D. competitions 竞争。根据后文的 we must think clearly about how to make them before deciding可推断，此处指生活中充满了“选择，所以才需要在做出决定之前仔 细地考虑清楚要如何选择。应选A项。54、The earth is the pla
30、net provides us with everything we need,fresh air,clean water,so its our duty toprotect it.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which答案：A17解析: 考查定语从句。句意：地球是提供我们需要的一切一一新鲜的空气，干净的水一一的星球，所以保护它是我们 的责任。分析句子结构可知，planet为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中做主语，可用 which或者that,根据所给选择项，应选A项。55、While most of us are only too ready t
31、o others the cold wind of, we are somehow reluctantto give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.A. respond to.conflictB. apply to .criticismC. react to.threatD. reply to.superiority答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析和名词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人只愿意把批评的冷风施加到别人身上，但不知何故 却不愿意把赞美的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。A. respond to对作出回应,conflict冲突,矛盾；B. apply
32、 to 把应用到，把施加到，criticism批评；C. react to对作出反映，threat威胁；D.reply to对作 出回复，superiority优越，优势。根据while可知，前后两句表示转折关系。所以，the cold wind of和第二句话中的give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise”正好相反。和 praise 相反的是“批评(criticism)”。所以应该选Bo apply sth. to sb.意为“将应用到,将施加到。该处指apply the cold wind of criticismto others(将批评的冷
33、风施加到别人身上，即：批评别人)。应选B。18A. escapeB. claimC. lackD. limit答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：几天前，这个幸运的人在一系列事故中死里逃生。A. escape逃离；B. claim声称；C.lack缺乏；D. limit限制。根据lucky man,此处描述男人是幸运的，所以是男人逃离了事故，A项符合句意, 应选A项。5、 We saw a flock of sparrows and Dad said that they had a wide throughout the country.A. distributionB. possessio
34、nC. professionD. platform答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们看到一群麻雀，爸爸说它们广泛分布在全国各地。A. distribution分布，分发;possession 拥有，持有；C. profession 职业;D. platform 平台。结合空后的“throughout the country”可知,此 处指它们分布在全国各地。应选A项。6、 He received an for the role he played.A. awardB. permissionC. strengthD. debt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因所扮演的角色而获奖。
35、A.award奖；B.permission许可；C.strength优点； D.debt债。根据for the role he played.可知，他因角色获奖了,应选A。小提不：7、 Some cyclists make the that traffic laws do not them. It is not true, though.A. assumption; apply toB. thought; apply toC. assuming; apply forD. idea; apply for答案：A解析：考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：一些骑自行车的人认为交通法规不适用于他们。但事实并
36、非如此。A.assumption 认为；apply to 适用;B. thought 想法;apply to 适用；C. assuming 认为（动名词）；apply for 申 请；D.idea想法；applyfor申请。根据句意，第一空应填名词assumption认为作宾语，that引导的同位语从 句对其进行解释说明；第二空，表示适用为固定短语apply to。应选A。8、 To his parents, their son always makes them at his study.A. disappointment; disappointedB. disappointed; disa
37、ppointingC. disappointing; disappointedD. disappointing; disappointment答案：A解析：考查名词和形容词。句意：令他父母失望的是，他们的儿子总是让他们对他的学习感到失望。one勺 disappointment意为令某人失望的是，为固定搭配，此处用名词disappointment表示失望作介词to的宾 语。be disappointed at意为对感到失望，为固定搭配,形容词disappointed意为感到失望的，说明人 的性质状态，此处作宾语them的宾语补足语；形容词disappointing （令人失望的）说明事物的性质状
38、态。应选 Ao9、No, no injuries.A. deadB. deathC. deathsD. dying答案：c解析：考查名词c句意：没有人员伤亡c A. dead死的；B. death死亡；C. deaths死亡（复数）；D. dying临死的c分 析句子可知，no为形容词，意为（一个也）没有，后接名词，death意为死亡，为可数名词，根据句中 “injuries可知，空格处应用death的复数形式deaths”。应选C项。10、 We may meet in our senior high school life, but we will never give up.A. des
39、criptionsB. momentsC. challengesD. exchanges答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可能会在高中生活中遇到挑战，但我们永远不会放弃。A. descriptions描述；moments 片刻；C. challenges 挑战；D. exchanges 交换。根据句意和句中we will never give up”可知,我们应 该是遇到挑战，但不放弃，challenge意为挑战，名词词性，challenges为其复数形式，在句中作宾语。 应选C项。11、The country was thrown into by the Presidents sud
40、den death.A. chorusB. chaosC. circleD. claim答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为总统的突然离世，整个国家陷入一片混乱。A. chorus合唱队，歌舞队；B. chaos混乱，混沌；C.circle圆圈，周期；D.claim索要、声明。由语意可知，总统突然离世，造成的后果通常 是国家一时无主，所以陷入混乱之中。应选B项。12、 They make to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.A. transports. vehicleC. tra
41、nsportationD. vehicles答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们制造运载工具，把勇敢的人送入太空，探索宇宙的秘密。A. transport运输；B. vehicle车辆,运载工具；C. transportation运输工具。根据to carry brave people into space”可知，他们制造运 载工具将人送入太空c名词vehicle为可数名词，前无冠词，所以用复数形式c应选DeVisitors are not permitted anything without.A. touching; permitB. to touch; permitionC. to
42、touch; permissionD. touching; allowance答案：c 解析：考查固定短语和名词。句意：访客未经允许不得触摸任何东西。第一空，表示被允许做某事可知，短语为be permitted to do sth.；第二空表示“未经允许，应用名词permission,作介词的宾语。应选C。14、The signing of this agreement will ease the international, which might bring an end to conflicts between countries.A. tensionB. regulationC. pr
43、ocessD. affection答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项协议的签署将缓解国际紧张局势，这可能会结束国家之间的冲突。A. tension 紧张；B. regulation 规那么；C. process 过程；D. affection 喜欢。根据下文“which might bring an end to conflicts between countries可知，此处表示将会使国际的紧张局势结束。应选A。15 Due the widespread of this medical technology, more diseases can be discovered and t
44、reated at anearly stage.A. approvalB. applicationC. approachD. appreciation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于这种医疗科技的广泛应用，更多的疾病可以在早期被发现和治疗。A. approval 赞成，同意；B. application申请，应用；C.approach方式，方法；D.appreciation欣赏。由于医疗科技广泛应 用，疾病才可能在早期被发现和治疗，空处应用名词application,表示应用。应选B项。16、 In the past few years, weve seen works by Chi
45、nese sci-fi writers winning international.A. considerations. standardC. rewardD. recognition答案：C 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几年里，我们看到中国科幻作家的作品赢得了国际奖项。A. consideration 考虑；B. standard标准；C.reward奖励，奖项；D.recognition识别。由语意可知作品赢得了国际奖项。应选C 项。17、 You must read the on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine
46、.A. explanationsB. introductionsC. constrictionsD. instructions答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明，然后服用正确的剂量。A. explanations解释；B.introductions 介绍;C. constrictions 压缩；D. instructions 说明。根据句中“take the right amount of medicine可 推知，要读的是用药说明，instructions常用复数形式，表示说明，说明书，符合句意。应选D项。18、Please mind your in publi
47、c.A. behaviorB. reflectionC. creativityD. sculpture答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在公共场合请注意你的举止。A. behavior行为，举止；B.reflection深思；C.creativity创造力;D.sculpture雕塑。由空后in public和句意可知,此处需用名词behavior,表示在公共场合 注意举止。应选A。19 Id love to, but I have a（an）with my doctor.A. appointmentB. certificateC. sympathyD. basement答案：A解析：考查
48、名词词义辨析。句意:我很想去，但是我和我的医生有约。A. appointment约会；预约；B. certificate证 明；证明书；C.sympathy同情;D.basement地下室。根据后文my doctor（我的医生）可知，我应是与医生 约好了。have an appointment with sb.,固定短语，与某人有约定（预约）。应选A项。20、 Finding information in todays world is easy. The is how you can tell if the information you get is usefulor not.A. contextB. challengeC. competitionD. stress答