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1、高中英语高考英语名词知识点总结带答案单项选择题（精选试题名师出品）Credits （学分）in Advanced Placement classes can greatly help students gain to competitive universities.A. admissionB. distinctionC. boundaryD. approval答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：大学预修课程的学分可以极大地帮助学生进入有竞争力的大学。A.admission进入, 录取;B.distinction 区另1J； C.boundary 边界;D.approval 批准。由Cred
2、its （学分）in Advanced Placement classes can greatly help students可知，句子表示“大学预修课程的学分可以极大地帮助学生进入有竞争力的大 学,因此空格处是“录取，进入，应选A。1、 My parents, words had a great on me. I decided to make every to learn English well.A. effect; effortB. effort; effectC. creativity; punishmentD. punishment; creativity答案：A解析：考查名词词义
3、辨析。句意:我父母的话对我产生了很大的影响。我决定尽一切努力学好英语。A. effect; effort 影响;努力;B. effort; effect 努力；影响；C. creativity; punishment 创造力；惩罚；D. punishment; creativity 惩 罚；创造力。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语have an effect on sb.，意为对有影响；对起作用，产生效 果。make efforts to do sth.意为竭尽全力做某事句中every （每一个；每个）修饰名词单数形式。应选A。3、I like reading poems, because poe
4、ms can certain.A. convey; emotionB. convey; emotionsC. express; emotionsD. explain; emotions答案：B解析： 考查动词和名词。句意：我喜欢读诗，因为诗歌能够表达特定的情感。A/B/C/D四个选项中的convey和应选Bo30、 Only a（n）of people are interested in that political issue.A. flockB. amountC. handfulD. bagful答案：c解析：考查固定短语。句意：只有少数人对那个政治问题感兴趣。A. flock （鸟或羊等
5、动物）群，一大群人；B.amount数量；C.handful一把；少数，少量;D. bagful满口袋。a handful of少量的，一小局部。根据空前的 “only可知只有少数的人对政治感兴趣。应选C。31 He received an for the role he played.A. awardB. permissionC. strengthD. debt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因所扮演的角色而获奖。A.award奖；B.permission许可；C.strength优点； D.debt债。根据for the role he played.可知，他因角色获奖了，应选A。
6、小提示：32、 Some cyclists make the that traffic laws do not them. It is not true, though.A. assumption; apply toB. thought; apply toC. assuming; apply forD. idea; apply for答案：A解析：考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：一些骑自行车的人认为交通法规不适用于他们。但事实并非如此。A.assumption 认为;apply to 适用；B. thought 想法;apply to 适用;C. assuming 认为（动名词）；apply f
7、or 申请；D. idea想法;apply for申请。根据句意，第一空应填名词assumption认为作宾语，that引导的同位语从10句对其进行解释说明；第二空，表示适用为固定短语apply to。应选A。33、 Through that window of the soul, the eye, I can only see through my fingertips the of a face.A. criticismB. outlineC. gentlenessD. pace答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：透过灵魂之窗的眼睛，我只能通过指尖看至一张脸的轮廓。A.criticism
8、批评；B.outline轮廓;C.gentleness温柔;D. pace节奏。分析句意可知,此空意为“轮廓，名词outline意为“轮廓，see为及物动词，后接名词outline作宾语。应选B项。34 It was to be invited here today.A. great honourB. honouringC. a great honourD. honoured答案：c解析：考查名词的数。句意：今天被邀请到这里来是极大的荣幸。分析句子结构可知，这是固定句型ltis/was+名词/ 形容词+动词不定式，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to be invited here,抽象名词
9、honour意为荣幸， 表示具体的事物时候，是可数名词，前面可以用a/an修饰，根据great首字母是辅音音素，因此，应该用a 修饰,即a great honour。应选C项。35、 Xiongan New Area(XNA) in Hebei Province will cover around 200 square kilometres after its.A. expectations. expansionC. exceptionD. exhibition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:河北雄安新区扩建后将占地约200平方公里。A. expectation期待；B. expansi
10、on F 大，扩建；C. exception 例外;D. exhibition 展览。根据上文“cover around 200 square kilometres afte门ts”可知, 表示扩建后将占地约200平方公里，应用expansion。应选B。36、The country was thrown into by the Presidents sudden death.11A. chorusB. chaosC. circleD. claim答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为总统的突然离世，整个国家陷入一片混乱。A. chorus合唱队，歌舞队；B.chaos混乱，混沌；C. c
11、ircle圆圈，周期；D.claim索要、声明。由语意可知，总统突然离世，造成的后果通常 是国家一时无主，所以陷入混乱之中。应选B项。37、 They make to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.A. transports. vehicleC. transportationD. vehicles答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们制造运载工具，把勇敢的人送入太空，探索宇宙的秘密。A. transport运输；B. vehicle车辆，运载工具;C. transportation
12、运输工具。根据to carry brave people into space可知,他们制造运 载工具将人送入太空。名词vehicle为可数名词，前无冠词，所以用复数形式。应选D。38、When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at.A. wrongB. troubleC. faultD. difficulty答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当发动机发动不起来时，技工检查了所有的部件以找出毛病所在。A. wrong坏事; B.trouble麻烦；C.faul
13、t故障；D. difficulty困难。由语意可知，发动机无法起动时，必定是机器出故障了。固 定短语at fault译为：出毛病，出故障。应选C。39、 It is generally agreed that new contents should be added to a good dictionary at regular.A. gapsB. lengthC. intervalsD. distance答案：C12解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意:人们普遍认为一本好词典应该定期增加新内容。A. gaps隔阂，代沟；B. length长 度;C. intervals间隔，间歇;D.distan
14、ce距离。结合句意表达定期”用at regula门ntervals。应选C。40 You can take as many as you like because they are free of.A. chargeB. fareC. moneyD. pay答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以想拿多少就拿多少，因为他们是免费的。A. charge费用；B.fare车费；C. money钱；D.pay薪水，工资。根据上文because they are free of”表示免费”短语为free of charge,应选A。41、Due to widespread of 5G techno
15、logy, more remote surgical operations are likely to be carried out acrosslong distances.A. occupationB. applicationC. qualificationD. composition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为5G技术的广泛运用，更多的远程外科手术就有了跨长距离实施的可能了。A. occupation 职业,占领；B. application 运用；C. qualification 资格，授权；D. composition 作文。根据句子结构 和意思可知，这里需要的是5G技
16、术的广泛运用的意思，考查运用对应的名词，在句子中做介词短语Due to”的宾语。应选B。42、You must read the on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. introductionsC. constrictionsD. instructions答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:你必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明，然后服用正确的剂量。A. explanations解释；B. introductions 介绍;C. constrictions 压缩；D. instructions 说明。根
17、据句中“take the right amount of medicine”可13推知，要读的是用药说明，instructions常用复数形式，表示说明，说明书，符合句意。应选D项。43、 Sometimes a strong others attention might indicate a (n)self-confidence.A. passion for, adjustment todevotion to; compassion inB. fascination with; approach todesire for; lack of答案：D解析：考查名词与介词的搭配。句意：有时候，强烈
18、渴望得到别人的关注可能说明你缺乏自信。A.passionfor对 的强烈爱好，adjustment to 对 的调整；B.devotion to 致力于，compassion in 对 的同情；C. fascination with对的迷恋,approach to做的方法;D.desire for对的强烈渴望,lack of缺乏。根据语境和常识, 只有D项逻辑关系通顺，即：渴望被别人关注是一个人缺乏自信的表现，应选D。44、 Your car is less than a year old, so it is still under.A. boundaryB. tailorC. guarant
19、eeD. arrangement答案：c解析：考查固定搭配。句意:你的车使用不到一年，所以仍在保修期内。A. boundary边界；B. tailor裁剪；C. guarantee保证；担保；D.arrangement安排。分析句子并结合句意可知，此处为固定搭配under guarantee, 意为在保修期内。应选C。45、 Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regardthe Chinese food as something sp
20、ecial.A. attitudeB. meansC. pointD. sight答案：A 解析:14 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管人们对吃什么的态度有很大的不同，但毫无疑问，西方人认为中国菜很特别。A.attitude态度；B. means方法；A point观点;D.sight视野,视力。短语attitude towards表示“对 的态度” 符合句意。应选A项。46 If we want to achieve success or get over the difficulties on the way, we shouldnt focus too much on the side of
21、 our life .A. positiveB. advantageC. negativeD. disadvantage答案：c解析：考查形容词/名词辨析。句意：如果我们想取得成功或克服路上的困难，我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一 面。A. positive积极的；B.advantage优势（名词）；C.negative消极的；D.disadvantage劣势。根据空前的 zzwe shouldnt focus too much on可知，我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一面。应选C。47、The managing director of this department took the for
22、 the accident, although it was not really hisfault.A. guiltB. responseC. blameD. conservation答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个部门的总经理承当了这次事故的责任，尽管这并不是他的错。A.guilt内疚；B.response 答复；C. blame 责任；D. conservation 节约。根据下文“although it was not really his fault.可知，这 个部门的总经理承当了这次事故的责任。take the blame for承当的责任。应选C项。小提示：48、 In
23、 the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer.A. systemB. methodC. investmentD. environment答案：D 解析:15 考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更平安的环境。A. system体系，系统; B. method方法；C.investment投资；D.environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安 全的实验环境(environment)。应选D项。49、 J.K. Rowling, the of Harry
24、 Potter, has gone through many difficulties in her writing.A. carB. hintC. posterD. author答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈利波特的作者JK罗琳在写作中经历了许多困难。A.car汽车；B.hint暗示; C poster海报;D.author作者。根据句意和常识可知，JK Rowling是哈利波特的作者，用名词author, 意为作者。应选D项。50、 My mother is in a middle school. She teaches history very well.A. driverB.
25、 dancerC. teacherD. writer答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈是中学老师。她历史教得非常好。A. driver司机；B.dancer舞蹈演员；C. teacher教师；D.writer作家。根据句中“She teaches history very well”可知，我妈妈历史教得非常好，因此她 是一名教师。应选C项。51、 I missed the first of the play.A. sceneB. novelC. envelopeD. patience答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我错过了这出戏的第一幕。A.scene场景；B.novel小说；
26、C.envelope信封;D.patience耐心。根据of the play可知，此处指的是戏剧的第一幕，应选A。小提示:1652、 I wrote him a letter to show my of his thoughtfulness.A. achievementB. agreementC. attentionD. appreciation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给他写了一封信，对他的体贴关怀表示感谢。A. achievement成就；B.agreement同意;C.attention注意力;D. appreciation感谢。结合句意可知,此处是表达对别人体贴的感激，
27、 用appreciation符合题意。应选用53 Keep quiet, son! I need complete when Im working.Sorry, Dad. I wont make any noise again.A. silenceB. trustC. controlD. strength答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一安静点，儿子！我在工作时需要绝对的沉默。一一对不起，爸爸。我不会再发 出声响了。A.silence寂静,沉默;B. trust信任;C.control控制;D.strength力量。由语境中父亲要求安静和 儿子做的回答不难推断，父亲想要安静的工作环境。
28、应选A。54、The program is aimed to give the people in the countryside to safe drinking water.A. accessB. passageC. wayD. approach答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析和短语。句意：这个工程目标是给农村人提供使用平安饮水的机会。A.access接触； B.passage通道；C.way方式；D.approach方法。根据accessto （使用.的机会）可知空格处填access。应选 AoIn a, two or more speakers express two or more o
29、pposing views.A. challenges. scheduleC. opportunityD. debate17答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在辩论中，两个或两个以上的发言者表达两种或两种以上相反的观点。A.challenge 挑战；B. schedule 计戈U表；C. opportunity 机会；D. debate 辩论。根据后文“two or more speakers express two or more opposing views提出两个或两个以上的发言者表达两种或两种以上相反的观点，可知是在 辩论中。应选D。56、He is a wonderful of
30、 mine and we can talk for hours on end.A. componentB. committeeC. communityD. companion答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:他是我的好伙伴，我们可以连续谈上几个小时。A. component组成局部；B.committee 委员会；C. community 社区；D. companion 同伴。根据前文“He及后文“we can talk for hours on end” 可知，此处指同伴；伙伴。应选D项。57 You should have asked for your parentsbefore yo
31、u go out for a whole night.A. permissionB. excitementC. admissionD. encouragement答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你出去整晚之前应该征得你父母的许可。A. permission许可；B.excitement激动；C. admission 成认；D. encouragement 鼓励。根据空后“before you go out for a whole night.”可知，因为要外出 待一整晚，所以空处需用名词permission,表示获得父母的许可。应选A。58、It was a great for Alic
32、e to be invited to speak in front of many famous scientists.A. functionB. requestC. processD. honour答案：D 解析:18 考查名词词义辨析。句意：爱丽丝被邀请在许多著名的科学家面前演讲深感荣幸。A. function功能；B.request 请求；C. process 过程；D. honour 荣幸。 根据be invited to speak in front of many famous scientists”可矢口, 对爱丽丝而言，这是莫大的荣幸。应选D。59、Primary school
33、 teachers use a lot of aids in their class activities to make their teaching easier.A. medicalB. visualC. firstD. band答案：B解析：考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：小学教师在课堂活动中使用大量的视觉教具，使教学更容易。A. medical 医疗的；B.visual视觉的;C. first第一的；D. band乐队。根据Primary school teachers 可知,小学老师需要使 用视觉教具。应选B。60、 During the department stores ann
34、ual autumn, all clothing will be half price.A. engagementB. promotionC. interaction答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在百货公司一年一度的秋季促销期间，所有的衣服都是半价。A. engagement约定; B. promotion促销活动;C. interaction互动。根据后文“all clothing will be half price.”可知,因为所有的衣服半价 销售，所有此处指百货公司在促销。应选B。61 During the pandemic, all patients and their fa
35、milies, without, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.A. permissions. effortC. exceptionD. access答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在疾病大流行期间，所有患者及其家属，无一例外，在进入医院前都必须携带身 份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可;B. effort努力；C.exception例外；D.access通道。根据句意和句19 emotion意为传递；传达和情感；情绪。第一个空格处由
36、前面的情态动词应填写动词原形，第二个空格根据句意可知，不同诗歌传达的应是不同的情感，故应填写复数形式的名词。应选B项。4、The method seemed to work, as I gained the respect of my, peers, and subordinates.A. alumniB. internsC. colleaguesD. seniors答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种方法似乎奏效了，因为我赢得了长辈、同龄人和下属的尊重。A. alumni校友;interns 实习生；C. colleagues 同事;D. seniors 长辈。根据后面 peers （
37、同龄人）and subordinates （下属）,可知此处应该是长辈。应选D项。5、 Xingyi is one of the most beautiful in Guizhou.A. citiesB. cityC. snackD. snacks答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴义是贵州最美丽的城市之一。city：城市；snack：小吃。根据one of +名词复数, 排除B,C,再由句意选择A。6、Brought up by parents who are both devoted doctors, he has high for medical professionals and
38、theirwork.A. regardB. attitudeC. establishmentD. wisdom答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：被两个有奉献精神的医生父母养大，他对医生职业和他们的工作极为尊敬。A.regard 尊敬；B.attitude 态度；C.establishment 建立；D.wisdom 智慧。根据Brought up by parents who areboth devoted doctors可知，他对医生和他们的工作极为尊敬。应选A。7、Americans eat vegetables per person today as they did in 1910
39、.中all patients and their families”可知，句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外，exception意为“例外, 名词词性，“without exception意为“无一例外。应选C项。62 If the temperature is below 00C, water will turn into in the open air.A. iceB. steamC. fogD. rain答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果温度低于。摄氏度，水在户外就会结冰。A. ice冰；B. steam蒸气；C. fog雾;D. rain雨。根据常识可知，在户外，气温低于。
40、度，水就会结冰。应选A。63、I hope my teacher will take into the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she mypaper.A. account; marksB. count; marksC. account; markedD. count; marked答案：A解析：考查固定短语和时态。句意：当老师在批改我的试卷时，我希望她会把我考前生病了这个事实考虑在内。account账户，解释，表达；count计算，总数。take sth into account考虑至IJ,顾及，是固定短语；根据my te
41、acher will take into使用的一般将来时可知，when引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时，应选A项。64、 Plastic bags are not allowed in our town in a(n)to help the environment.A. attemptB. stuffC. depthD. disaster答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：力图帮助环境，在我们镇上不允许使用塑料袋。A. attempt试图；B.stuff材料；C. depth深度；D. disaster灾难。根据前后文的意思可知用in an attempt表示力图、试图符合句意。应选A项。6
42、5、Seeing the happy of children playing in the park, Tm full of joy and confidence in the future of our travel agency.20A. sightB. viewC. sceneryD. scene答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到孩子们在公园里玩耍的快乐场景，我对我们旅行社的未来充满了喜悦和信心。 A.sight 景象；B.view 看法；C.scenery 风景；D. scene 场景。根据句意分析，children playing in the park 表孩 子们在公园里玩
43、耍，是一个动态情况，用scene符合语意。应选D项。66、As expected, the boy who shows great in playing badminton has been admitted to the sport universityfor his talent.A. requirements. respectC. additionD. promise答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，这个在打羽毛球方面大有可为的男孩因其天赋被体育大学录取。A.requirement要求；B.respect尊重;C.addition增力口; D. promise希望,可能性。
44、根据句意,此处表达“那个男 孩在羽毛球方面展现了极大的成功的可能性。应选D项。67 Many people make a sharp between humans and other animals.A. balanceB. examinationC. distinctionD. conclusion答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人把人类和其他动物区分得很清楚。A. balance平衡；B.examination检查；C. distinction区分；D. conclusion结论。根据后文“between humans and other animals指区分人类和其它动物,应
45、用 distinctiono 应选 C。68、Linda wants to go abroad for further study after graduating from high school, but she needs to ask for her parents.A. movementB. professionC. destinationD. permission21答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:琳达高中毕业后想要出国深造，但是她需要征求父母的许可。A.movement运动； B.profession职业；C.destination目的地；D.permission准许。结
46、合句意可知，permission准许”符合题意，故 选择D项。69、 A butterfly is a flying with a long thin body and four large, usually brightly coloured, wings.A. dolphinB. dinosaurC. posterD. insect答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：蝴蝶是一种会飞的昆虫，身体细长，有四只通常色彩鲜艳的大翅膀。A.dolphin海 豚;B.dinosaur恐龙；C.poster海报;D.insect昆虫。根据butterfly可知,这是一种昆虫。应选D。70、Today,
47、 as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from.A. destinationB. extinctionC. exhibitionD. institution答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。A. destination 目的地;B. extinction 灭绝；C. exhibition 展览；D. institution 机构。根据前文 protect them from 等 句意可知，此处指保护鲨鱼免于灭绝
48、。应选B项。71 The lecture Jack Ma made in the 2018 Shanghai Forum of Zhejiang Merchants left us with a wonderfulhe gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.A. associations. functionC. satisfactionD. impression答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：马云在2018年上海浙商论坛上的演讲给我们留下了很好的印象，他对未来的商业22会是什么样子做了很好的描述。A. association联系；B. function功能;C. satisfactio