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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！*2013 年硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题（完整版）Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)People are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when m
2、aking individual decisions.At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors.But Dr.Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they we
3、re working with.4,he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea,he turned to the university-admissions process.In theory,the 9 of an applica
4、nt should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews,12 by 31 admissions officers.The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five.This scale 14 numerous factors int
5、o consideration.The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Graduate Management Admission Test,or GMA T,a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily
6、 series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that,then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points.This might sound small,but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 2
7、0.1.A grant B submits C transmits D delivers 2.A minor Bobjective C crucial D external 3.A issue B vision C picture D moment 4.A For example B On average C In principleD Above all 5.A fond Bfearful C capable D thoughtless 6.A in B on C to D for 7.A if Buntil C though D unless 8.A promote Bemphasize
8、C share D test 9.A decision B quality C status D success 10.A chosen Bstupid Cfound D identified 11.A exceptional B defensible C replaceable D otherwise 12.A inspired Bexpressed C conducted D secured 13.A assigned Brated C matched D arranged 14.A put Bgot Cgave D took 15.Ainstead Bthen C ever D rath
9、er 16.Aselected Bpassed C marked D introduced 17.Abefore B after C above D below 18.A jump B float C drop D fluctuate 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！*19.Aachieve Bundo C maintain Ddisregard 20.A promising B possible C necessary D helpful Section Reading Comprehension Part A Direction
10、s：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！*Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scold her unattr
11、active assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn t affect her.Priestly explains how the dee the assistant s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stdorteosthaen bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion bu
12、siness couldn t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Cline thsree-year indictment of“fastfashion”In.the last decades or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipat
13、e demand more precisely.Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequent releases,and more profit.Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal meant to last only a wash or two,although they don t a a d n v d e rt toi sree n t h e a w t their w ardrobe every
14、few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution,of course,are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus s
15、tores around the world,it must rely on low-wage,overseas labor,order in volumes that strain natural resources,and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world sanswer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan Tshe Omnivore Dsilemma.Mass-produced clothing,like f
16、ast food,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable,and wasteful,C”line argues,Americans,she finds,buy roughly 20 billion garments a year about 64 items per person and no matter how much they give away,this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introduced her ideal,a Brooklyn wo
17、man named SKB,who,since 2008 has make all of her own clothes and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note,it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;her example,can t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment incl
18、uding H&M,with its green Conscious Collection Line Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can it
19、.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her A poor bargaining skill.B insensitivity to fashion.C obsession with high fashion.Dlack of imagination.22.According to Cline,mass-maket labels urge consumers to A combat unnecessary waste.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！*B shut out the feve
20、rish fashion world.C resist the influence of advertisements.D shop for their garments more frequently.23.The word“indictment”(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to A accusation.B enthusiasm.C indifference.D tolerance.24.Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?A Vanity has mor
21、e often been found in idealists.B The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.C People are more interested in unaffordable garments.D Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25.What is the subject of the text?A Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚
22、为您提供优质的文档！*B Challenge to a high-fashion myth.C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half.In the internet age,at least in theory,this fraction can be muc
23、h reduced.By watching what people search for,click on and say online,companies can aim“behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information:Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tra
24、cked and sent behavioural ads?Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission(FTC)proposed adding a do not track(DNT)option to internet browsers,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed.Microsofts Internet Explorer and App
25、les Safari both offer DNT;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row:It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear wind
26、ows 8,would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,although some companies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft s
27、 default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.Atter all,it has an ad business too,which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on default will beco
28、me the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Googles on that count before.Brendon Lynch,Microsofts chief privacy officer,bloggde:we believe consumers should have more control.Could it really be tha
29、t simple?26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that“behavioural”ads help advertisers to:A ease competition among themselves B lower their operational costs C avoid complaints from consumers Dprovide better online services 27.“The industry”(Line 6,Para.3)refers to:A online advertisers B e-commerce conduc
30、tors C digital information analysis Dinternet browser developers 28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default A many cut the number of junk ads B fails to affect the ad industry C will not benefit consumers Dgoes against human nature 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！*29.which of
31、the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?A DNT may not serve its intended purpose B Advertisers are willing to implement DNT C DNT is losing its popularity among consumers D Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads 30.The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is
32、one of:A indulgence B understanding C appreciaction D skepticism Text 3欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！*Up until a few decades ago,our visions of the future were largely-though by no means uniformly-glowingly positive.Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity,leading
33、to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable,as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward
34、to.But such gloominess is misplaced.The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years-so why shouldnt we?Take a broader look at our species place in the universe,and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens,if not hundreds,of thousands of yea
35、rs.Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature(IUCN),and you will read:Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed,adaptable,currently increasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overall popu
36、lation decline.So what does our deep future hold?A growing number of researchersand organisations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example,the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps wil
37、lfully,it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.The potential evolution of todays technology,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilit
38、ies we can envisage.Thats one reason why we have launched Arc,a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.As so often,the past holds the key to the future:we have now identified enough of the long-
39、term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species,to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.To be sure,the future is not all
40、rosy.But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans,and to improve the lot of those to come.31.Our vision of the future used to be inspired by A our desire for lives of fulfillment B our faith in science and technology C our awareness
41、of potential risks D our belief in equal opportunity 32.The IUCN s“Red List”suggest that human being are A a sustained species B a threaten to the environment C the world s dominant power D a misplaced race 33.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?A Arc helps limit the scope of fut
42、urological studies.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！*B Technology offers solutions to social problem.C The interest in science fiction is on the rise.D Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34.To ensure the future of mankind,it is crucial to A explore our planet s abundant resources
43、 B adopt an optimistic view of the world C draw on our experience from the past D curb our ambition to reshape history 35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Uncertainty about Our Future欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！*B Evolution of the Human Species C The E
44、ver-bright Prospects of Mankind D Science,Technology and Humanity Text 4 On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona s immigration l-a a w m M o d o e n sdta y policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was
45、an 8-0 defeat for the Administration s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigrati
46、on law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to“establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”and that federal laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Jus
47、tice John Roberts and the Court s liberals,ruled that the state f too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately“o the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would
48、 be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That b ecsause Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three obj
49、ecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the al
50、ien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as“a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House a r g u l e a d w s t h c a o t n A f rl iicztoenda with its enforcement priorities,even if state law