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1、版权所有版权所有 翻印必究翻印必究 1 中公考研学员专用资料中公考研学员专用资料 报名专线：报名专线：400400-63006300-966966 2013 考研英语（二）真题及答案解析 Section I Use of EnglishSection I Use of English Directions:Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for ea
2、ch numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money,you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1 a true cashless society is probably not
3、 around the corner.Indeed,predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.For example,Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon revolutionize the very 3 of money itself,only to 4 itself several years later.Why has the movement to a cashless
4、 society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper,several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system.First,it is very 7 to set up the computer,card reader,and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electron
5、ic money the 8 form of payment Second,paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts,something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10.Third,the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of float-it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuers account,which
6、means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime.13 electronic payments arc immediate,they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth,electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns.We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been abl
7、e to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there.The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone elses accounts.The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task,and a new fie
8、ld of computer science is developing to 19 security issues.A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of 2 中公考研学员专用资料中公考研学员专用资料 版权所有 翻印必究 personal data.There are concerns that government,employers,and marketers might be able
9、 to access these data,thereby violating our privacy.1.A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise 2.A off B back C over D around 3.A power B concept C history D role 4.A reward B resist C resume D reverse 5.A silent B sudden C slow D steady 6.A for B against C with D on 7.A imaginative B expensive
10、C sensitive D productive 8.A similar B original C temporary D dominant 9.A collect B provide C copy D print 10.A give up B take over C bring back D pass down 11.A before B after C since D when 12.A kept B borrowed C released D withdrawn 13.A Unless B Until C Because D Though 14.A hide B express C ra
11、ise Dease 15.A analyzed B shared C stored D displayed 16.A unsafe B unnatural C uncommon D unclear 17.A steal B choose C benefit D return 18.A consideration B prevention C manipulation D justification 19.A cope with B fight against C adapt to D call for 20.A chunk B chip C path D trail Section II Re
12、ading ComprehensionSection II Reading Comprehension Part APart A Directions:Directions:版权所有版权所有 翻印必究翻印必究 3 中公考研学员专用资料中公考研学员专用资料 报名专线：报名专线：400400-63006300-966966 Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below e
13、ach text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Text 1 In an essay entitled“Making It in America”,the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automa
14、ted:The average mill only two employees today,”a man and a dog.The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidsons article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and d
15、eclining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job，could earn an average life
16、style,But,today,average is officially over.Being average just wont earn you what it used to.It cant when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,cheap robotics,cheap software,cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore,everyone needs to find
17、their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes,new technology has been eating jobs forever,and always will.But theres been an acceleration.As Davidson notes,”In the 10 years ending in 2009,U.S.factories shed workers so fast that the
18、y erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total-disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs,new products,new services.But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T.revo
19、lution,the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over,there are many things we need to do to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill 4 中公考研学员专用资料中公考研学员
20、专用资料 版权所有 翻印必究 for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_ A the impact of technological advances B the alleviation of job pressure C the shrinkage of textile mills D the decline of middle-class inco
21、mes 22.According to Paragraph 3,to be a successful employee,one has to_ A work on cheap software B ask for a moderate salary C adopt an average lifestyle D contribute something unique 23.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that _ A gains of technology have been erased B job opportunities are disap
22、pearing at a high speed C factories are making much less money than before D new jobs and services have been offered 24.According to the author,to reduce unemployment,the most important is_ A to accelerate the I.T.revolution B to ensure more education for people C ro advance economic globalization D
23、 to pass more bills in the 21st century 25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A New Law Takes Effect B Technology Goes Cheap 版权所有版权所有 翻印必究翻印必究 5 中公考研学员专用资料中公考研学员专用资料 报名专线：报名专线：400400-63006300-966966 C Average Is Over D Recession Is Bad Text 2Text 2 A century ago,
24、the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners.Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed.About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for exan
25、mle,eventually returned to Italy for good.They even had an affectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.Today,we are much more rigid about immigrants.We divide nemcomers into two categories:legal or illegal,good or bad.We hail them as Americans in the making,or our broken immigranti
26、on system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.We dont need more categories,but we need to change the way we think about categories.We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal.To start,we can recognize the new birds of passage,those living and thriving in the gray a
27、reas.We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers,violinists,construction workers,entrepreneurs,engineers,home health-care aides and physicists are among todays birds of passage.They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work,money and ideas.The
28、y prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them,They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission,they straddle laws,jurisdictions and identities with ease.We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while with
29、out committing themselves to staying forever.We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.Looking beyond the culture war
30、logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today 6 中公考研学员专用资料中公考研学员专用资料 版权所有 翻印必究 requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26“Birds of passage”refers to thos
31、e who_ A immigrate across the Atlantic.B leave their home countries for good.C stay in a foregin temporaily.D find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US_ A needs new immigrant categories.B has loosened control over immigrants.C should
32、be adopted to meet challenges.D has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author,todays birds of passage want_ A fiancial incentives.B a global recognition.C opportunities to get regular jobs.D the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should
33、be treated _ A as faithful partners.B with economic favors.C with regal tolerance.D as mighty rivals.30 选出最适合文章的标题 A come and go:big mistake.B living and thriving:great risk.版权所有版权所有 翻印必究翻印必究 7 中公考研学员专用资料中公考研学员专用资料 报名专线：报名专线：400400-63006300-966966 C with or without:great risk.D legal or illegal:big
34、mistake.Text 3Text 3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we a
35、re judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex
36、 aspects of personality,like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli arent exclusive to the interpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster,even t
37、hough reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else were doing,Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we wi
38、ll overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face(one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling),we can take a moment before buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,we can help screene
39、rs understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”long-term study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together,he invite
40、s them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation;two days,not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But 8 中公考研学员专用资料中公考研学员专用资料 版权所有 翻印必究 historically
41、 we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react,it hasnt changed our nature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may_.A vary
42、according to the urgency of the situation B prove the complexity of our brain reaction C depend on the importance of the assessment D predetermine the accuracy of our judgment 32.Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions_.A can be associative B are not unconscious C can be dangerous
43、 D are not impulsive 33.Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should_.A trust our first impression B do as people usually do C think before we act D ask for expert advice 34.John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on_.A critical assessment Bthin sliced study C sensib
44、le explanation D adequate information 35.The authors attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is_.A tolerant 版权所有版权所有 翻印必究翻印必究 9 中公考研学员专用资料中公考研学员专用资料 报名专线：报名专线：400400-63006300-966966 B uncertain C optimistic D doubtful Text 4Text 4 Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular,the corpo
45、rate workplace will never be completely familyfriendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislat
46、ion to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration.Last year,Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action.Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 per
47、cent female board membership.But her appeal was considered a failure:only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally,I dont like quotas,”Reding said recently.“But i like what the quotas d
48、o.”Quotas get action:they“open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding,a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Redings reluctance-and her frustration.I dont like quot
49、as either;they run counter to my belief in meritocracy,government by the capable.Bur,when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal,it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all,four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the
50、US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position no matter how much“soft pressure”is put upon them.When women do break through to the summit of corporate power-as,for example,Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebookthey attract massive attention precisely because they re