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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-1-2013 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)People are,on the whole,poor at considering background information w
2、hen making individual decisions.At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors.But Dr.Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information the
3、y were working with.4 ,he theorised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day。To 8 this idea,he turned to the university-admissions process.In theor
4、y,the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr.Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 。He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers.The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five.This scale 1
5、4 numerous factors into consideration.The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test,or GMAT,a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her。Dr.Simonsoho found if the score of the previous
6、candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that,then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points.This might sound small,but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would o
7、therwise have been 20 。1.A grants Bsubmits Ctransmits Ddelivers 2.A minor Bobjective Ccrucial D external 3.A issue Bvision Cpicture Dexternal 4.A For example B On average CIn principle DAbove all 5.A fond B fearful Ccapable D thoughtless 6.A in B on C to D for 7.A if B until C though D unless 8.A pr
8、omote B emphasize C share Dsuccess 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-2-9.A decision B quality C status D success 10.A chosen B studied C found D identified 11.A exceptional B defensible C replaceable D otherwise 12.A inspired B expressed C conducted D secured 13.A assigned B rated C ma
9、tched D arranged 14.A put B got C gave D took 15.A instead B then C ever D rather 16.A selected B passed C marked D introduced 17.A before B after C above D below 18.A jump B float C drop D fluctuate 19.A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard 20.A promising B possible C necessary D helpful Section I
10、I Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive
11、assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her,Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment。This top-down conception of the
12、fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed,Eliazabeth Clines three-year indictment of fast fashion.In the last decade or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly
13、 and anticipate demand more precisely.Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequent release,欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-3-and more profit.These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two,although they do
14、nt advertise that and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace。The victims of this revolution,of course,are not limited to designers.For H&M to
15、 offer a$5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world,it must rely on low-wage overseas labor,order in volumes that strain natural resources,and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals。Overdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan
16、s The Omnivores Dilemma.Mass-produced clothing,like fast food,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable and wasteful,Cline argues.Americans,she finds,buy roughly 20 billion garments a year about 64 items per person and no matter how much they give away,this excess leads to waste。Towards the end of
17、Overdressed,Cline introduced her ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note,it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;her example cant be knocked off。Though several fast-fashion companies have
18、made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection line Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constan
19、t;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford not to。21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her A poor bargaining skill。B insensitivity to fashion。C obsession with high fashion。D lack of imagination。22.According to Cline,mass-maket labels urge consumers to A combat unnec
20、essary waste。B shut out the feverish fashion world。C resist the influence of advertisements。欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-4-D shop for their garments more frequently。23.The word indictment(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to A accusation。B enthusiasm。C indifference。D tolerance。2
21、4.Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?A Vanity has more often been found in idealists。B The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability。C People are more interested in unaffordable garments。D Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing。25.What is the subject of th
22、e text?A Satire on an extravagant lifestyle。B Challenge to a high-fashion myth。C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry。D Exposure of a mass-market secret。Text 2 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half.In the internet age,at least i
23、n theory,this fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people search for,click on and say online,companies can aim behavioural ads at those most likely to buy。In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information:Should advertisers assum
24、e that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission(FTC)proposed adding a do not track(DNT)option to internet browsers,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed.Mic
25、rosofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT;Googles 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-5-Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests。On May 31st Microso
26、ft Set off the row:It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8,would have DNT as a default。It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,although some companies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether some
27、one really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway。Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.Atter all,it has an ad business too,which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out h
28、ow.If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Googles on that count before.Brendon Lynch,Microsofts chief privacy of
29、ficer,bloggde:we believe consumers should have more control.Could it really be that simple?26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that behavioural ads help advertisers to:A ease competition among themselves B lower their operational costs C avoid complaints from consumers D provide better online services
30、 27.The industry(Line 6,Para.3)refers to:A online advertisers B e-commerce conductors C digital information analysis D internet browser developers 28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default A many cut the number of junk ads B fails to affect the ad industry C will not benefit consumers 欢迎您阅读
31、并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-6-D goes against human nature 29.which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?A DNT may not serve its intended purpose B Advertisers are willing to implement DNT C DNT is losing its popularity among consumers D Advertisers are obliged to offer be
32、havioural ads 30.The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:A indulgence B understanding C appreciaction D skepticism Text 3 Now utopia has grown unfashionable,as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to pandemic f
33、lu to climate change.You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to。But such gloominess is misplaced.The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years-so why shouldnt we?Take a broader look at our species place in the universe,and it
34、 becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens,if not hundreds,of thousands of years(see 100,000 AD:Living in the deep future).Look up Homo sapiens in the IUCNs Red List of threatened species,and you will read:Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed,a
35、daptable,currently increasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.So what does our deep future hold?A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example,the Long Now Foundation,based in San Francisco,has cr
36、eated a forum where thinkers and scientists are invited to project the implications of their ideas over very long timescales.Its flagship project is a mechanical clock,buried deep inside a mountain in Texas,that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence。Then there are scientists
37、who are giving serious consideration to the idea that we should recognise a new geological era:the Anthropocene.They,too,are pulling the camera right 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-7-back and asking what humanitys impact will be on the planet-in the context of stratigraphic time。Per
38、haps perversely,it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.The potential evolution of todays technology,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and its perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many p
39、ossibilities we can envisage.Thats one reason why we have launched Arc,a new publication dedicated to the near future。But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.As so often,the past holds the key to the future:we have now identified enough of
40、the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species,to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves。This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.To be sure,the future is
41、 not all rosy:while our species may flourish,a great many individuals may not.But we are now knowledgeable enough to mitigate many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans,and to improve the lot of those to come.Thinking about our place in deep time is a good way to focus on the
42、challenges that confront us today,and to make a future worth living in。31.Our vision of the future used to be inspired by A our desire for ares of fulfillment B our faith in science and teched C our awareness of potential risks D our bdief in equal opportunity 32.The IUCNRod Listsuggest that human b
43、eings on A a sustained species B the words deminant power C a threat to the environment D a misplaced race 33.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?A Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies。B Technology offers solutions to social problem。欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我
44、们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-8-C The interest in science fiction is on the rise。D Our Immediate future is hard to conceive。34.To ensure the future of mankind,it is crucial to A explore our planets abundant resources。B adopt an optimistic view of the world。C draw on our experience from the past。D curb our ambition
45、 to reshape history。35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Uncertainty about Our Future B Evolution of the Human Species C The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind。D Science,Technology and Humanity。Text 4 Text 4 On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Ariz
46、onas immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administrations effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states。In Arizona v.United States,t
47、he majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizonas controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization and that federal laws precede st
48、ate laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones。Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Courts liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the ma
49、jority held the congress had deliberately occupied the field and Arizona had thus intruded on the federals privileged powers。欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-9-However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with
50、law enforcement.Thats because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues。Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constituti