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1、外语教学与研究出版社当代研究生英语读写教程上课件Unit1TextAppt课件 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望外语教学与研究出版社ContentWarming-upWarming-upReadingReadingWritingWritingText AText AText BText BBook One外语教学与研究出版社Warming-up-1-1nHaveyouheardoftheSecond Life?Watchthevideoandthen
2、haveadiscussionaboutit.Book One外语教学与研究出版社 Group discussion 1.Questions:1)Do you often surf on Internet and do you rely on it in everyday life?2)How do you make use of the cyberspace?3)What do you think is the best way to avoid undesirable materials,such as pornography,in cyberspace?2.Each group appo
3、int one representative to give a presentation about the groups discussion.You can also find some ideas from the map on the next page.Warming-up-2-2Book One外语教学与研究出版社Warming-upBook One外语教学与研究出版社Text A CYBERSPACE:IF YOU DONT LOVE IT,LEAVE IT Esther DysonBook One外语教学与研究出版社ReadingText ATextStudyTextStud
4、yMainIdea&StructureMainIdea&StructureSentenceAnalysisSentenceAnalysisLanguagePointsLanguagePointsBook One外语教学与研究出版社 Main Idea and StructurenFirstreading:Scanthetextandtrytocatchthemain idea.The following words are for yourreferencetoorganizetheidea:n Cyberspace,voluntary,composition,communities,evol
5、vement,identify,labeling,individual choice,responsibilitynSecondreading:readthepassageagainandtrytoidentifythestructureofthispassage.For referenceFor referenceBook One外语教学与研究出版社 This text defines the nature of cyberspace and holds that it is a voluntary destination.Cyberspace features free communica
6、tion,a large variety of information and service,and communities.These communities evolves just the way terrestrial communities do and only self-sustaining will prosper.To make the cyberspace a better place,people need to define and identify different communities,and to label undesirable material.Whi
7、le enjoying individual choices,people should also undertake individual responsibilities.Main IdeaBook One外语教学与研究出版社StructurePart I(Para.1-5)Part II(Para.6-9)Part III(Para.10-12)Part IV(Para.13-16)Main idea:TheintroductionofcyberspaceanditsnatureMain idea:ThefeatureandcompositionofcyberspaceMain idea
8、:TheevolvementofcyberspacecommunitiesandtheirinternalmanagementmechanismMain idea:PeopleneedtodefineandidentifyspacecommunitiessoastoavoidundesirablematerialsBook One外语教学与研究出版社 1 SomethingintheAmericanpsychelovesnewfrontiers.Wehankerafterwide-openspaces;weliketoexplore;weliketomakerulesbutrefusetofo
9、llowthem.Butinthisageitshardtofindaplacewhereyoucangoandbeyourselfwithoutworryingabouttheneighbors.2Thereissuchaplace:cyberspace.Formerlyaplaygroundforcomputerfans,cyberspacenowembraceseveryconceivableconstituency:schoolchildren,flirtatioussingles,Hungarian-Americans,accountants.Cantheyallgetalong?O
10、rwillourfearofkidssurfingfordirtypicturesbehindtheirbedroomdoorsprovokeacrackdown?Paras.1-2Book One外语教学与研究出版社Paras.3-43Thefirstorderofbusinessistograspwhatcyberspaceis.Itmighthelptoleavebehindmetaphorsofhighwaysandfrontiersandtothinkinsteadofrealestate.2Realestate,remember,isanintellectual,legal,art
11、ificialenvironmentconstructedontopofland.Realestaterecognizesthedifferencebetweenparklandandshoppingmall,betweenred-lightzone3andschooldistrict,betweenchurch,stateanddrugstore.4Inthesameway,youcouldthinkofcyberspaceasagiantandunboundedworldofvirtualrealestate.Somepropertyisprivatelyownedandrentedout
12、;otherpropertyiscommonland;someplacesaresuitableforchildren,andothersarebestavoidedbyallcitizens.Unfortunately,itsthoseplacesthatarenowcapturingthepopularimagination,placesthatofferbomb-makinginstructions,pornography,adviceonhowtostealcreditcards.Theymakecyberspacesoundlikeanastyplace.Goodcitizensju
13、mptoaconclusion:Betterregulateit.Book One外语教学与研究出版社Paras.5-65Butbeforeusingregulationstocounterindecencyitisfundamentaltointerpretthenatureofcyberspace.Cyberspaceisntafrontierwherewickedpeoplecangrabunsuspectingchildren,norisitagianttelevisionsystemthatcanbeamoffensivemessagesatunwillingviewers.Inth
14、iskindofrealestate,usershavetochoosewheretheyvisit,whattheysee,whattheydo.Itsoptional.Inotherwords,cyberspaceisavoluntarydestinationinreality,manydestinations.Youdontjustget“ontotheNet”;youhavetogosomeplaceinparticular.Thatmeansthatpeoplecanchoosewheretogoandwhattosee.Yes,communitystandardsshouldbee
15、nforced,butthosestandardsshouldbesetbycyberspacecommunitiesthemselves,notbythecourtsorbypoliticiansinWashington.6Whatmakescyberspacesoalluringispreciselythewayinwhichitsdifferentfromshoppingmalls,television,highwaysandotherterrestrialjurisdictions.Butletsdefinetheterritory:Book One外语教学与研究出版社Paras.7-
16、87First,thereareprivatee-mailconversations,similartotheconversationsyouhaveoverthetelephone.Theseareprivateandconsensualandrequirenoregulationatall.8Second,thereareinformationandentertainmentservices,wherepeoplecandownloadanythingfromlegaltextsandlistsof“greatnewrestaurants”togamesoftwareordirtypict
17、ures.Theseplacesarelikebookstores,mallsandmoviehousesplaceswhereyougotobuysomething.Thecustomerneedstorequestanitemorsignupforasubscription;stuff(especiallypornography)isnotsentouttopeoplewhodontaskforit.SomeoftheseservicesarefreeorincludedaspartofabroaderservicelikeCompuServeorAmericaOnline;othersc
18、hargeandmaybilltheircustomersdirectly.Book One外语教学与研究出版社Para.9 9 Third,thereare“real”communitiesgroupsofpeoplewhocommunicateamongthemselves.Inreal-estateterms,theyrelikebarsorrestaurantsorbathhouses.Eachactiveparticipantcontributestoageneralconversation,generallythroughpostedmessages.Otherparticipan
19、tsmaysimplylistenorwatch.Someservicesaresupervisedbyamoderator;othersaremorelikebulletinboardsanyoneisfreetopostanything.Manyoftheseservicesstartedoutunmoderatedbutarenowimposingrulestokeepoutunwantedadvertising,extraneousdiscussionsorincreasinglyrudeparticipants.Book One外语教学与研究出版社Para.1010 Cyberspa
20、cecommunitiesevolvejustthewayterrestrialcommunitiesdo:peoplewithlike-mindedinterestsbandtogether.Everycyberspacecommunityhasitsowncharacter.Overall,thecommunitiesonCompuServetendtobemoreprofessional;thoseonAmericaOnline,affluentyoungsingles;Prodigy,family-oriented.ThenthereareindependentslikeEcho,ah
21、ip,downtownNewYorkservice,orWomensWire,targetedtowomenwhowanttoavoidthemalecultureprevalentelsewhereontheNet.OntheInternetitselftherearelotsofpassionatenoncommercialdiscussiongroupsontopicsrangingfromHungarianpolitics(HungaryOnline)tocopyrightlaw.Book One外语教学与研究出版社Para.11 11 Whatsuniqueaboutcyberspa
22、ceisthatitallowscommunitiesofanysizeandkindtoflourish;incyberspace,communitiesarechosenbytheusers,notforcedonthembyaccidentsofgeography.Thisfreedomgivestherulesthatpresideincyberspaceamoralauthoritythatrulesinterrestrialenvironmentsdonthave.4Mostpeoplearestuckinthecountryoftheirbirth,butifyoudontlik
23、etherulesofacyberspacecommunity,youcanjustsignoff.Loveitorleaveit.Likewise,ifparentsdontliketherulesofagivencyberspacecommunity,theycanrestricttheirchildrensaccesstoit.Book One外语教学与研究出版社Para.12 12 Whatslikelytohappenincyberspaceistheformationofnewcommunities,freeoftheconstraintsthatcauseconflictonea
24、rth.Insteadofaglobalvillage,whichisanicedreambutimpossibletomanage,wellhaveinventedanotherworldofself-containedcommunitiesthatcatertotheirownmembersinclinationswithoutinterferingwithanyoneelses.Thepossibilityofarealmarket-styleevolutionofgovernanceisathand.Incyberspace,wellbeabletotestandevolverules
25、governingwhatneedstobegovernedintellectualproperty,contentandaccesscontrol,rulesaboutprivacyandfreespeech.Somecommunitieswillallowanyonein;otherswillrestrictaccesstomemberswhoqualifyononebasisoranother.Thosecommunitiesthatproveself-sustainingwillprosper(andperhapsgrowandsplitintosubsetswithever-more
26、-particularinterestsandidentities).Thosethatcantsurviveeitherbecausepeopleloseinterestorgetscaredoffwillsimplywitheraway.Book One外语教学与研究出版社Paras.13-14 13 Inthenearfuture,explorersincyberspacewillneedtogetbetteratdefiningandidentifyingtheircommunities.Theywillneedtoputinplaceandaccepttheirownlocalgov
27、ernmentsapartfromterrestrialgovernments,justastheownersofexpensiverealestateoftenhavetheirownsecurityguardsthoughtheycancallinthepolicetogetridofundesirablecustomers.14Thenwhatshouldbedoneaboutundesirablematerialincyberspace?Whattodo,forinstance,aboutpornography?Theanswerislabeling,besidesbanning,qu
28、estionablematerial.Itmakessenseforcyberspaceparticipantsthemselvestoagreeonaschemeforquestionableitems,sothatpeopleorautomaticfilterscanavoidthem.Itseasyenoughforsoftwaremanufacturerstobuildanautomaticfilterthatwouldpreventyouoryourchildfromeverseeingtheundesireditemonamenu.(Itsasifalltheitemswerewr
29、apped,withlabelsonthewrapper.)Someonewhopostedpornographicmaterialunderthetitle“Kid-Fun”couldbesuedformislabeling.Book One外语教学与研究出版社Paras.15-16 15 Withoutalotoffanfare,privateenterprisesandlocalgroupsarealreadyproducingavarietyoflabelingservices,alongwithkid-orientedsiteslikeKidlinkandKidsSpace.Peop
30、ledifferintheirtastesandvaluesandcanfindservicesontheNetthatsuittheminthesamewaytheyselectbooksandmagazines.Ortheycanwanderfreelyiftheyprefer,makinguptheirownitinerary.16Intheend,oursocietyneedstogrowup.Growingupmeansunderstandingthattherearenoperfectanswers,noall-purposesolutions,nogovernment-sanct
31、ionedsafehavens.Wehaventcreatedaperfectsocietyonearth,andwewonthaveoneincyberspaceeither.Butatleastwecanhaveindividualchoiceandindividualresponsibility.Book One外语教学与研究出版社 1.its hard to find a place where you can go and be yourself without worrying about the neighbors.(Para.1,Line 2-3)“Worryingaboutt
32、heneighbors”impliesthatwhereveryougoandwhateveryoudo,youmustconsiderwhetheryouwilldisturbotherpeopleornot.译文：译文：很难找到这样一个地方，你自己可以随心所欲，而又不必担心影响到你的邻居。II.Sentence AnalysisBook One外语教学与研究出版社 2.It might help to leave behind metaphors of highways and frontiers and to think instead of real estate.(Para.3,Li
33、ne 1)leavebehind:choosenottotake(sth.orsb.);abandon 把丢弃在后面，丢弃，抛弃e.g.Intheirwithdrawal,muchoftheheavyequipmenthadtobeleftbehind.在撤退时，他们不得不把许多重型装备丢弃。“Highways”and“frontiers”arebothmetaphorsofthecyberspace.Ametaphor(比喻)isafigureofspeech(修辞格)inwhichatermisusedtoindicatesomethingdifferentbyimplicitcompar
34、ison.Book One外语教学与研究出版社Paraphrase:Itmighthelpus(tounderstandwhatcyberspaceis)ifwethinkofitasrealestateratherthanashighwaysandfrontiers.Or:(Tounderstandwhatcyberspaceis)itmightbehelpfultoforgetaboutmetaphorsofhighwaysandfrontiersandtothinkintermsofrealestateinstead.译文：译文：我们可以抛开高速公路、前沿新领域等比喻，把信息空间看作一个
35、巨大的庄园。Book One外语教学与研究出版社3.people can download anything from legal texts and lists of“great new restaurants”to game software or dirty pictures.(Para.8,Line 1)“anythingfrom.to.”meansawidevarietyofsomething.Hereitreferstoawidevarietyofinformationavailableincyberspace.“Legaltexts”,“listsofnewrestaurants
36、”,“gamesoftware”,and“dirtypictures”arejustsomeexamples.译文：译文：人们可以从中下载各种信息，从法律文件、“大 型新饭店”名单，到游戏软件、下流图片，无 奇不有。Book One外语教学与研究出版社4.This freedom gives the rules that preside in cyberspace a moral authority that rules in terrestrial environments dont have.(Para.11,Line 3)Thisisacomplexsentence,ithastwoat
37、tributiveclauses.“.thatpresideincyberspace.”modifies“therules”;“.thatrulesinterrestrialenvironmentsdonthave”modifies“amoralauthority”.preside:vi.exercisecontrolorauthority管辖，掌管e.g.presideoverameeting主持会议presideattea招待客人吃茶点Themanagerpresidesoverthebusinessofthisstore.经理管理这店业务。译文：译文：这种自由赋予主宰信息空间的准则一种道
38、义上的权威，这种权威是地球空间里的准则所没有的。Book One外语教学与研究出版社5.Cyberspace communities evolve just the way terrestrial communities do.(Para.10,Line 1)evolve:vi.toundergogradualchange;develop发展；经历逐渐的变化过程e.g.anamateuractinggroupthatevolvedintoatheatricalcompany一个发展成为戏剧公司的业余演出团体“justthewayterrestrialcommunitiesdo”是方式状语，而“
39、terrestrialcommunitiesdo”是定语从句，修饰theway。Book One外语教学与研究出版社Paraphrase:Cyberspace communities develop just in the same way in which terrestrial communities do.译文：译文：信息空间里群体的演变过程正如陆地社会团体的演变过程。Book One外语教学与研究出版社6.Love it or leave it.（Para.11,Line 5）Thissentenceistheshortformofthetitle“IfYouDontLoveit,Le
40、aveIt”.Paraphrase:Ifyouloveit,youcanstaywithit,orifyoudontloveityoucanleaveit(Thatsuptoyou,itspersonalchoice).译文：译文：出入自由。Book One外语教学与研究出版社Language PointsBook One外语教学与研究出版社affluentadj.wealthy,rich 富裕的富裕的,富足的富足的 近义词近义词:abundant,ample,rich e.g.affluent suburbs with large houses and tree lined streets
41、房子宽敞，街道绿树成荫的的富裕郊区房子宽敞，街道绿树成荫的的富裕郊区 We live in an affluent society.我们生活在一个富裕的社会中。我们生活在一个富裕的社会中。n.a branch that flows into the main stream 支流支流 近义词近义词:offshoot,anabranch,distributarye.g.This is an affluent of the Yangtze River.这是长江的一条支流这是长江的一条支流.Book One外语教学与研究出版社例题:_hemaybe,butheisbynomeanssurewhatto
42、tipthedoormanorthechambermaid.A.PoorB.HappyC.AffluentD.Prosperous句意：句意：尽管他可能是富裕的，但他一点不知道该付多少小费给看门人和清理卧室的女服务员。C.AffluentBook One外语教学与研究出版社1.ayoungpersonwhoisextremelycleverorgoodatdoingsomething奇才，天才近义词:geniuse.g.amathematicalprodigy数学天才achild/infantprodigy天才,神童Mozartwasachildprodigy.莫扎特是个神童。Thatchil
43、dprodigybegintocomposeattheageoffive.那个神童五岁就开始作诗了。2.somethingorsomebodystrangeandwonderful奇迹，奇观；奇异的的事情；奇异的人，非凡的人近义词:marvel,wonderprodigiesofendurance耐力的奇迹aprodigyoflearning非凡的学者aprodigyofenergy精力异常充沛的人e.g.Criticswerenotgammonedbythislatestprodigy.评论家不为最近发生的反常的事所欺骗。prodigy n.Book One外语教学与研究出版社1.havin
44、gorexpressingaverystrongfeeling,especiallybeliefinanideaorprinciple（尤指对某种思想、原则）具有强烈感情的,激昂的e.g.Apassionatespeechagainstinjustice.一个反对不公正的激昂的演讲。Lewisisapassionatesupporterofwomensrights.刘易斯是女权运动的狂热支持者。Hispassionatespeechhadaneffectonouremotions.他的热情的演讲打动了我们的感情。2.veryeager,intense热切的，强烈的e.g.Hisearlyexp
45、erienceturnhimintoapassionatesocialreformer他早年的经历使他变成了一个狂热的社会改革者。passionate adj.Book One外语教学与研究出版社例题：Peteris_involvedinenvironmentalissuesA.heatedlyB.hotC.patientlyD.passionately句意：彼得热情地参与讨论有关环境的议题。D.passionatelypassionate adj.Book One外语教学与研究出版社1.somethingthatlimitsyourfreedomtodowhatyouwant限制，约束，压抑
46、，抑制近义词：restrainte.g.Sheissoontiredoftheconstraintofmilitarylife.她很快厌倦了军事生活的约束。Financialconstraintslimitedherchoiceofaccommodation.财力有限使得她不能随意选择住处。2.theactofconstraining;thethreatoruseofforcetocontrolthethoughtsorbehaviorofothers强制力,强迫e.g.Shedoesntliketodothingsunderconstraint.她不喜欢在别人强迫下去做事情。constrai
47、nt n.Book One外语教学与研究出版社1.tobesuccessfulandbecomerich成功，兴旺，发达，繁荣 近义词:boom,thrive,flourishe.g.Myfatherwasnolongerprosperinginbusiness.我父亲的生意不再兴旺发达了。Thefarmprosperedthroughgoodmanagement.由于管理有方，农场兴旺发达。2.togrowanddevelopinahealthyway健康成长，顺利发展，蓬勃发展e.g.Thechildseemedtoprosperundertheircare.在他们的照管下，孩子看来在健康
48、的成长Areyouprospering?你最近事情都顺利吗?prosper v.Book One外语教学与研究出版社例题：Allsortsofgrain_verywellbecausethesoilhereisfat.A.profitB.thriveC.prosperD.succeed句意：这儿的土壤很肥沃，庄稼都长得很好。prosper v.C.prosperBook One外语教学与研究出版社dryup,withalossofmoisture枯萎，消失同义词：shrivel,shrinke.g.Thecoldwitheredtheleaves.严寒使树叶凋落。Thegrapeswither
49、edonthevine.葡萄藤上的葡萄都枯萎了。2.losefreshness,vigor,orvitality黯淡无光，没有生命力近义词：fadee.g.Allotherlaurelswitherbeforehers.所有荣誉和她获得的相比都黯然失色。Removeanoldtreeanditwillwithertodeath.老树移栽活不了，老人迁居命不长。wither vi.Book One外语教学与研究出版社例题：Theoncebeautifulflowersinthevasehad.A.witheredB.ripenedC.tottedD.matured句意：花瓶里美丽的花朵枯萎了。A
50、.withered wither vi.Book One外语教学与研究出版社n.ashelterservingasaplaceofsafetyorsanctuary避难所,庇护所,港湾近义词：refuge,sheltere.g.Theyhavemadetheirhomeahavenforthehomelessorphans.他们把自己的家变成了无家可归的孤儿们的避难所。Theborderregionwasanaturalhavenforfugitives.边境地区曾是逃犯们的天然避难所.v.toshelter,protect庇护e.g.Youshouldnthavenyourchildifhe