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1、外语教学与研究出版社当代研究生英语读写教程上课件Unit3TextAppt课件 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望外语教学与研究出版社ContentWarming-upWarming-upReadingReadingWritingWritingTextATextATextBTextBBookOne外语教学与研究出版社Warming-upBookOne外语教学与研究出版社Questions:1)In what ways does human activi
2、ty influence the environment?Offer some examples.2)Have you experienced the pressure of Chinas large population?Tell about your experiences.3)For how long do you think China should insist its Family Planning Activity?Why?Group discussion BookOne外语教学与研究出版社 THE CASE AGAINST MAN(PART I)IsaacAsimovBookO
3、ne外语教学与研究出版社ReadingText ATextStudyTextStudyMainIdea&StructureMainIdea&StructureSentenceAnalysisSentenceAnalysisLanguagePointsLanguagePointsUsefulExpressionUsefulExpressionTextTranslationTextTranslationBookOne外语教学与研究出版社 Main Idea and StructurenFirstreading:Scanthetextandtrytocatchthemainidea.The foll
4、owing words are for your reference toorganizetheidea:Mankind intricate web dependent on single species increasing explosionnSecondreading:readthepassageagainandtrytoidentifythestructureofthispassage.For your referenceFor your referenceBookOne外语教学与研究出版社Mankind is part of an intricate web of life on t
5、he planet and dependent on the rest part of the system.In the past thousands of years,mankind is the single species that has been increasing in numbers.We have to do something to stop human population explosion.MainIdeaBookOne外语教学与研究出版社Structure Para.8-11Main idea:The entire planet is made up of non
6、living portions and a large variety of living portions which are interdependent.And mankind is part of the intricate web of life.Mainidea:Living things are interrelated and interdependent,just as various types of cells composing of a man are interrelated and interdependent.Mainidea:The wild increase
7、 of human population will destroy theecology just as any ordinary cancer would destroy anorganism.Para.12-16Para.1-7 Para.17-20Mainidea:To stop human population explosion is a problem of top priority to be solved;BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Text StudyBookOne外语教学与研究出版社1Thefirstmistakeistothinkofmankindasathingi
8、nitself.Itisnt.Itispartofanintricateweboflife.Andwecantthinkevenoflifeasathinginitself.Itisnt.ItispartoftheintricatestructureofaplanetbathedbyenergyfromtheSun.n2TheEarth,inthenearly5billionyearssinceitassumedapproximatelyitspresentform,hasundergoneavastevolution.Whenitfirstcame into beingcame into b
9、eing,itverylikelylackedwhatwewouldtodaycallanoceanandanatmosphere.Thesewereformedbythegradualoutwardmovementofmaterialasthesolidinteriorsettledtogether.n3Norwereocean,atmosphere,andsolidcrustindependentofeachotherafterformation.Thereisinteractionalways:evaporation,condensation,solution,weathering.Fa
10、rwithinthesolidcrustthereareslow,continuingchanges,too,ofwhichhotsprings,volcanoes,andearthquakesarethemorenoticeablemanifestationshereonthesurface.Para.1-3BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Para.4-6n4Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbytheenergeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplic
11、atedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatileversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“life”.Lifeformshavebecomemorecomplexandmorevariouseversince.n5ButthelifeformsareasmuchpartofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionis.Itisallaninseparablepartofawhole.Ifanyanimalisisolatedtotallyfromotherformsoflife,t
12、hendeathbystarvationwillsurelyfollow.Ifisolatedfromwater,deathbydehydrationwillfollowevenfaster.Ifisolatedfromair,whetherfreeordissolvedinwater,deathbyasphyxiationwillfollowstillfaster.IfisolatedfromtheSun,animalswillsurviveforatime,butplantswoulddie,andifallplantsdied,allanimalswouldstarve.n6Itwork
13、sinreverse,too,fortheinanimateportionofEarthisshapedandmoldedbylife.Thenatureoftheatmospherehasbeenchangedbyplantactivity(whichaddstotheairthefreeoxygenitcouldnototherwiseretain).Thesoilisturnedturnedbyearthworms,whileenormousoceanreefsareformedbycoral.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Para.7-9n7Theentireplanet,plus
14、solarenergy,isoneenormousintricatelyinterrelatedsystem.Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasofalargevarietyoflivingportions).n8Infact,wecanpursuetheanalogy.Amanis composed of
15、is composed of50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.Lossofsomeofthosecells,suchasthosemakingupanentireleg,willseriouslyhandicapalltherestoftheorganism:seriousdamagetoarelativelyfewcellsinanorgan,suchastheheartorkidneys,mayendbykillingall50trillion.n9Inthesameway,onaplanet
16、aryscale,thechoppingdownofanentireforestmaynotthreatenEarthslifeingeneral,butitwillproduceseriouschangesinthelifeformsoftheregionandeveninthenatureofthewaterrunoffand,therefore,inthedetailsofgeologicalstructure.Aseriousdeclineinthebeepopulationwillaffectthenumbersofthoseplantsthatdependonbeesforfert
17、ilization,thenthenumbersofthoseanimalsthatdependonthoseparticularbee-fertilizedplants,andsoon.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Para.9-11n10Orconsidercellgrowth.Cellsinthoseorgansthatsufferconstantwear and tearwear and tearasintheskinorintheintestinallininggrowandmultiplyalllifelong.Othercells,notsoexposed,asinnerve
18、andmuscle,donotmultiplyatallintheadult,underanycircumstances.Stillotherorgans,ordinarilyquiescent,asliverandbone,standreadytogrowifthatisnecessarytoreplacedamage.Whentheproperrepairsaremade,growthstops.n11Inamuchlooserandmoreflexibleway,thesameistrueofthe“planetorganism”(whichwestudyinthesciencecall
19、edecology).Ifcougarsgrowtoonumerous,thedeertheylive onlive onaredecimateddecimated,andsomeofthecougarsdieofstarvation,sothattheir“propernumber”isrestored.Iftoomanycougarsdie,thenthedeermultiplywithparticularrapidity,andcougarsmultiplymultiplyquicklyinturn,tilltheadditionalpredatorsbring downbring do
20、wnthenumberofdeeragain.Barringinterferencefromoutside,theeatersandtheeatenretaintheirpropernumbers,andbotharethebetterforit.(Ifthecougarsareallkilledoff,deerwouldmultiplytothepointwheretheydestroytheplantstheyliveoff,andmorewouldthendieofstarvationthanwouldhavediedofcougars.)BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Para.12
21、-14n12Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinanorganismsuchasahumanbeingissometimesforwhatreason,weknownotdisrupted,andagroupofcellsbeginsgrowingwithoutlimit.Thisisthedreaddiseaseofcancer,andunlessthatgrowinggroupofcellsissomehowstopped,thewildgrowthwillthrowallthebodystructureoutoftrueandendbykillingtheorgani
22、smitself.n13Inecology,thesamewouldhappenif,forsomereason,oneparticulartypeoforganismbegantomultiplywithoutlimit,killingitscompetitorsandincreasingitsownfoodsupplyat the expense ofat the expense ofthatofothers.That,too,couldendinthedestructionofthelargersystemmostoralloflifeandevenofcertainaspectsoft
23、heinanimateenvironment.n14Andthisisexactlywhatishappeningatthismoment.Forthousandsofyears,thesinglespeciesHomosapiens,towhichyouandIhavethedubiousdubioushonorofbelonging,hasbeenincreasinginnumbers.Inthepastcoupleofcenturies,therateofincreasehasitselfincreasedexplosively.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Para.15-18n1
24、5AtthetimeofJuliusCaesar,whenEarthshumanpopulationisestimatedtohavebeen150million,thatpopulationwasincreasingatsucharatethatitwoulddoublein1000yearsifthatrateremainedsteady.Today,withEarthspopulationestimatedatabout4000million(26timeswhatitwasinCaesarstime),itisincreasingataratewhich,ifsteady,willca
25、useittodoublein35years.n16ThepresentrateofincreaseofEarthsswarming swarming humanpopulationqualifiesHomosapiensasanecologicalcancer,whichwilldestroytheecologyjustassurelyasanyordinarycancerwoulddestroyanorganism.n17Thecure?Justwhatitisforanycancer.Thecancerousgrowthmustsomehowbestopped.n18Ofcourse,i
26、twillbe.Ifwedonothingatall,thegrowthwillstop,asacancerousgrowthinamanwillstopifnothingisdone.Themandiesandthecancerdieswithhim.Andanalogously,theecologywilldieandmanwilldiewithit.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社n19Howcanthehumanpopulationexplosionbestopped?Byraisingthedeathrateorbyloweringthebirthrate.Therearenoot
27、heralternatives.Thedeathratewillrise spontaneously spontaneouslyandfinallycatastrophicallycatastrophically,ifwedonothingandthatwithinafewdecades.Tomakethebirthratefall,somehow(almostanyhow,infact),issurelypreferable,andthatisthereforethefirstorderofmankindsbusinesstoday.n20Failingthis,mankindwouldst
28、andatthebarofabstractjustice(fortheremaybenoposteritytojudge)asthemassmurdereroflifegenerally,hisownincluded,andmassdisrupteroftheintricateplanetarydevelopmentthatmadelifeinitspresentglorypossibleinthefirstplace.Para.19-20BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Sentence AnalysisBookOne外语教学与研究出版社1.Between2billionand3billio
29、nyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbytheenergeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“life”.(Para.4,Line1-3)versatile:havinggreatdiversityorvariety丰富多变的，多功能的e.g.aversatilenewmachinedevelop:causetogrow形成TheSVOstructureoftheab
30、ovesentence:poundsThepartafter“compounds”isitspostmodifier(后置定语),meaning:thesecompoundsweresufficientlyversatileinorganization,somuchsothattheywerequalifiedtobecalled“life”byus.BookOne外语教学与研究出版社译文：译文：在20亿到30亿年前期间，一部分地球表面的水在太阳能的作用下，形成了结构复杂的化合物，这些化合物灵活多变，足以形成我们称之为“生命”的东西。nThewordingof“develop”intransl
31、ation:developedenginetrouble发生故障developaverylargeliftforce产生升力developedapracticallightningrod发明避雷针developedatheoryofmagnetism提出理论developthecapabilities提高能力developedtuberculosis患上结核病developthenaturalsubstances开发资源developthedeposit开采矿床BookOne外语教学与研究出版社2.Iftoomanycougarsdie,thenthedeermultiplywithparti
32、cularrapidity,andcougarsmultiplyquicklyinturn,tilltheadditionalpredatorsbringdownthenumberofdeeragain.(Para.11,Line 4-5)multiply:increaseinnumberbygivingbirthtooffspring;breed繁殖e.g.Whenanimalshavemorefood,theygenerallymultiplyfaster.inturn:inorderofonefollowinganother依次e.g.Weshookhandsinturnwitheach
33、ofthepeopleontheline.bringdown:reduce,injure,capture,orkill减少、打伤、捕获、杀死e.g.Withoneshothebroughtdownthewolf.译文译文:如果美洲狮死得过多，那么鹿的数量就会迅速得到增长，美洲狮反过来就会迅速繁衍，直到新增加的美洲狮将鹿的数量再一次减少。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社3.Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinanorganismsuchasahumanbeingissometimesforwhatreason,weknownotdisrupted,andagroupofce
34、llsbeginsgrowingwithoutlimit.(Para.12,Line 1-2)Thisisacompoundsentencewithaconj.“and”:Theneateconomy.is.disrupted,andagroupofcellsbeginsgrowing.theneateconomyofgrowth:thebalancedandinterrelateddevelopment(ofanorgan).“economy”means“avoidanceofwaste”;and“neat”means“tidy;ingoodorder,withnothingoutofpla
35、ce”.disrupt:interruptthe,bringdisorderto扰乱,干扰e.g.Thewardisruptedeconomy.译文译文:某些有机组织(比如人)内的净增长有时候会受到干扰，有机体中的部分细胞开始无限制地增长这究竟是因为什么原因，我们尚不得而知。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社4.thewildgrowthwillthrowallthebodystructureoutoftrueandendbykillingtheorganismitself.(Para.12,Line 4-5)outoftrue:nothavingtheexactpositionorcorre
36、ctshapeorbalance;deformed位置不正；形态不正；不均衡e.g.Theaxleisoutoftrue,thereforetheyhavetofixitagain.Hefoundthattheslantingdoorisoutoftrue.Twoofthepictureshangingonthewallareoutoftrue.译文译文:疯长的癌细胞将会扰乱整个身体的结构，最终导致有机体本身的死亡。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社5.Failingthis,mankindwouldstandatthebarofabstractjustice(fortheremaybenop
37、osteritytojudge)asthemassmurdereroflifegenerally,hisownincluded,andmassdisrupteroftheintricateplanetarydevelopmentthatmadelifeinitspresentglorypossibleinthefirstplace.(Para.20)fail:lack;beunsuccessfulin缺乏，失败e.g.Ouryouthneverfailedaninvinciblecourage.thebar:thelawcourtsystem法庭e.g.Johnwasalawyerssonan
38、dwasdestinedtospendhiscareerasamemberofthebar.standatthebarof.justice:bepresentatacourtoflawandtriedBookOne外语教学与研究出版社inthefirstplace:originally;atfirst起初，首先e.g.Whydostrikesoccursofrequentlyincoalminesinthefirstplace?Itwasntmyideatogotothatschoolinthefirstplace.Dadshovedmein.译文译文:如果人类处理不好这一问题，那就会作为大规
39、模杀害生灵（包括杀害自身）的凶手，以及大规模破坏地球错综复杂的进化发展（是这种进化发展最初形成了目前生命的繁荣景象）的罪魁祸首而受到抽象正义法庭的审判因为到那时可能已没有子孙后代来审判他了BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Language PointsBookOne外语教学与研究出版社adj.containingmanysmallpartsordetailsthatallworkorfittogether错综复杂的近义词complex,complicatede.g.Iwasunabletofindouttheintricatewindingsofthelabyrinth.我无法找出迷宫中扑朔迷
40、离的路线。Thisisanovelwithanintricateplot.这是一本情节错综复杂的小说。intricatepatterns花纹精致的图案anintricateproblem错综复杂的问题anintricateknot复杂难解的结anintricateintrument复杂精细的仪器intricatedirections难懂的使用说明intricateBookOne外语教学与研究出版社versatileadj.goodatdoingalotofdifferentthingsandabletolearnnewskillsquicklyandeasily多才多艺的e.g.averyve
41、rsatileauthor多才多艺的作家aversatileman多面手Hesaveryversatileperformer;hecanact,sing,dance,andplaythepiano.他是个多才多艺的演员，会演戏，唱歌，跳舞，还会弹钢琴。adj.havingmanydifferentuses有多种用途的，万能的e.g.Nylonisaversatilematerial尼龙是一种有多种用途的材料Silliconisahighlyversatilesubstance.硅是一种用途极为广泛的物质。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社例题例题:Hewilleasilygetanotherj
42、ob;Heisso_.A.productiveB.versatileC.professionalD.progressive句意：他这么多才多艺，会很容易找到另外一份工作的。B.versatileBookOne外语教学与研究出版社decimatevt.todestroyalargepartofsomething大量毁灭近义词：eliminate,annihilatee.g.Thepopulationhasbeendecimatedbydisease.疾病导致大量人的死亡。Studentnumbershavebeendecimatedbycutsingrants.助学金削减后，学生人数大大减少。T
43、hewheatcropwillbedecimatedwithoustrongspringrains.春天如果不下几场大雨麦子可就要毁了。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社multiplyv.toincreasegreatlyormakesomethingincreasegreatly(使)大大增加e.g.Ourchancesofsuccesshadmultipliedseveraltimesover.我们成功的机会已大大增加。Wemustmultiplyoureffortstoclearupthemystery.我们必须加倍努力来澄清这一神秘的事件。v.todeacalculationinwh
44、ichyouaddanumbertoitselfaparticularnumberoftimes乘，使相乘multiplysth.bysth.e.g.3multipliedby4is12.3乘以4等于12。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社V.tobreed繁殖，增殖近义词：reproduce,procreatee.g.Thebugscaneasilymultiplytogiveanastyboutoffoodpoisoning.这些病菌繁殖迅速，容易引发严重的事物中毒。Rabbitsmultiplyquickly.兔子繁殖很快。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社dubiousadj.tono
45、tbesurewhethersomethingisgoodortrue不能确定，疑惑近义词：doubtful,dubitablee.g.ImalittlebitdubiousabouttheideaoflendingJimmycar.我有点拿不定注意是不是该把车借给吉姆。Ifeeldubiousaboutwhattodonext.我不知道下一步该怎么办。adj.makingyoudoubtwhethersomeoneorsomethingishonest,safeetc.不大可靠的，令人生疑的e.g.Helookslikeadubiouscharacter.他看起来象是个不大可靠的人。This
46、dealsoundshighlydubioustome.这笔交易在我看来十分靠不住。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社swarmn.alargegroupofinsects,especiallybees,oranimals,orpeoplemovingtogether(昆虫或动物中的)一大群，(尤指)蜂群，或人群e.g.Thelocustswarmhasdestroyedallthecropsandvegetables.蝗虫群毁坏了所有的庄稼和蔬菜。Swarmsofsightseers蜂拥而来的观光客vi.成群地行进；徘徊e.g.Thechildrencameswarmingin.孩子们蜂拥着
47、进来了。Ashegotofftheplane,reportersswarmedonhim.他一下飞机，记者们蜂拥着向他挤去。Insectsswarmedroundthelamp.小飞虫成群地在灯的周围打转。BookOne外语教学与研究出版社Vt.tobefullofamovingcrowdofpeopleoranimals挤满(移动的人群或动物)e.g.Passagersswarmedthedeck.乘客挤在甲板上。例题例题:ManpowerInc.,with560,000workers,istheworldslargesttemporaryemploymentagency.Everymorn
48、ing,itspeople_intotheofficesandfactories,seekingadaysworkforadayspay.A.swarmB.strideC.separateD.slipA.swarmBookOne外语教学与研究出版社spontaneousadj.happeningordonewithoutbeingplannedororganized自动的，自发的，一时冲动的e.g.Heisspontaneoustoofferhelp.他主动提供帮助。Thecrowdgaveaspontaneouscheerwhentheresultwasannounced.宣布结果时人群立即
49、爆发出一阵欢呼声。aspontaneousmovement无意识的动作aspontaneousanswer脱口而出的答案spontaneousbehavior自然的举止spontaneouscombustion自燃BookOne外语教学与研究出版社例题例题:1.Hisofferofhelpwasquite_;hehadntbeentoldtomakeit.A.hesitantB.reluctantC.spontaneousD.individual句意：他提出帮忙完全是自发的，没有人要求他这么做。2.NothingHelensaysisever_.Shealwaysthinkscarefully
50、beforeshespeaks.(2005年1月六级真题50题)A.simultaneousB.homogenousC.spontaneousD.rigorous句意：海伦的话很少是自发的，她总是经过深思熟虑才开口。C.spontaneousC.spontaneousBookOne外语教学与研究出版社catastrophen.aterribleeventinwhichthereisalotofdestructionormanypeopleareinjuredordie毁灭性大灾难e.g.thecatastropheofaworldwideconflict世界性冲突的大灾难。Theoilspil