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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中考基础学问 JUNIOR BOOK I 一学问网络【重点内容概要】1元音字母在重读开音节、闭音节中的读音；2常用的日常交际用语；3人称代词,物主代词、指示代词及基数词；4动词 beam, is,are的用法及人称代词,名词的数的一样性,5一些表示方位、地点介词的用法6名词全部格；My father s watch the pic of Billy billys pictures 7,冠词 a,an,the 的基本用法；8以 What、Where、 Who、Whose、Which 、How 等引导的疑问句和一般疑问句以及它们 的回答9能敏捷运用
2、人称代词的主格和宾格10把握可数名词和不行数名词的用法,以及与其搭配使用的相关修饰词 11There be 句型以及与 havehas的运用及区分；12动词的现在进行时和一般现在时的运用；13祈使句的确定、否定形式14常用的句型及交际用语；15人称代词主格和宾格的使用；16可数名词和不行数名词的运用17常用的句型；18现在进行时和一般现在时的使用；【句型、词组精讲】Words and Expressions 1. Excuse, me. / Im sorry. 这两个句子是会话常常用客套语；1）Excuse me. 表示“ 劳驾” ,“ 请问” ,“ 请原谅” ,“ 对不起” ,“ 打搅一下”
3、 等意思,多用于 句首,主要用于在恳求别人帮忙时用；如：Excuse me, is this watch yours. Excuse me. How can I get to the station. 2）Im sorry. 或 Sorry. 一般用于听到别人的不幸或做了对不起别人的事情表示遗憾或向其 赔礼,或不能够给对方供应信息或帮忙时的场合；如：Im sorry I m late. I m sorry to hear your mother is ill. Sorry, I cant go with you. Sorry, I wont do that again. 2. its / it
4、s 1）it s 是 it is 的缩写形式,意思是“ 那是”；2 its 是 it 的物主代词,具有形容词的性质,作定语,意思是“ 它的”；如： This is a bird. Its name is Polly. 这是一只鸟, 它的名字叫波莉； It s a cat. Can you spell its name. 那是一只猫,你能拼出它的名字吗？3. listen/ hear 1）listen 意为“ 听” ,强调听的动作,当后接听的对象时要加to；如： Listen. Who is talking. 名师归纳总结 听！谁在讲话？Were listening to the teacher
5、. 我们正在听老师讲课；第 1 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2）hear 意为“ 听到”,强调听的结果；如：Im listening to the teacher, but I can t hear him. 我正在听老师讲课,但我听不见他讲的话；4. not at all/ Not at all 1 not at all 意为“ 根本不 , 一点也不 ”hard at all. 他学习一点也不仔细；,not 放在助动词之后； 如：He doesn t study 2 Not at all. 意为“ 不用谢” 、“ 没关系” ,回
6、答对方的感谢、 赔礼时用语； 如：“ Thank you very much.”“ Not at all. ”“ 特别感谢； ” “ 不用谢；”5. speak/ say / tell/ talk 这四个词都有“ 说” 之意；1）speak 强调说话的才能和方式,后常接说的某种语言；如：语？2）say 强调说的内容；如：What is he saying. 他在说什么？Do you speak English. 你讲英3）tell 意为“ 告知”,后常接双宾语或复合宾语；如：Let me tell you a story. 让我给你们讲个故事吧；The teacher often tells
7、us to study hard. 老师常常叫我们努力学习；4）talk 为不及物动词, 构成短语 talk with, talk to, talk about 等；如：What are they talking about. 他们正在谈论什么？6. old/ age old（指年龄）,表示“ 岁的”多大？意思, 常和 how 一起构成疑问句； 如：How old are you. 你age是“ 年龄” 的意思,通常和what 一起构成特别疑问句；如：What age is he. 或 Whats his age. 他多大了？Old people aged people 介词 +名词归纳1in
8、+ 语言：表示用什么语言或用什么语言说（或写）；如： Whats this in English. He is writing a letter to his father in Chinese. 2in pairs 意为“ 成双地”,“ 成对地” ,“ 两人一组”；如： Please ask and answer in pairs. 3in the wall 表示在墙里面；如：There is a hole in the wall. 假如表示在墙的表面或墙上,用 on the wall ；如： She put a map of China on the wall. 4at work 意为“
9、在工作” ,work 前不加 the；类似这样的词组仍有（上学）,at table（就餐）等；5by+ 交通工具：表示“ 乘 ”；如：by bike= on the bike by train= on the train, by boat= on the boat by plane / air = on the plane, by ship/sea= on the ship by car = in the car, by bus =in the bus 等；但：步行就用 on foot 来表达；6on ones way 表示“ 在去 的途中”；如：He found a dog walking
10、in the street on his way home. on ones way to school 在某人上学的途中 on ones way back 在某人返回的途中at home（在家）,at school7on duty 表示“ 值日”；如： Whos on duty today. 今日谁值日？ I am on duty. 我值日；动词 +介词 &副词结构1动词 +介词结构；这类词组无论其宾语是名词仍是代词,都要放在介词之后；如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - look after= take car
11、e of 照看,照管 look like 看上去像look at 看 be worried about 对 担忧come from =be from 来自 get to到达 work on 从事,操作 turn onoff 打开,（关掉）come into 进入 2动词 +副词结构这类词组后接宾语时,宾语假如是名词既可放在动词与副词之间,也可放在副词之后；假如是人称代词,多放在动词和副词之间；如：hand up 举起手来put on 穿上；挂上（贴上）take off 脱掉put away 把 放好；把 收起来There be 和 to have 句型这两个句型都表示“ 有” 的意思；Ther
12、e be 表示“ 存在” 的关系,to have 侧重“ 所属关系”；如：There are forty students in our class. We have a happy family. 使用 There be 和 to have 句型时仍应留意以下几点：1There be 句型中的就近一样原就；即be 的形式与靠近它的主语一样；如：There is a table and two chairs in the room. There are four chairs and a table in the room. 2就 There be 句型中的主语提问时,往往把there 这个引
13、导词省掉；如：There is a book on the desk. （就划线部分提问）Whats on the desk. 3当表示某物属于另一物中不行分割的一部分时,The table has four legs. 往往用 to have 句型；如：桌子有四条腿；4美国英语常用 have got 表示“ 有” ；如： They have got an English-Chinese dictionary. 二考试热点1人称代词和物主代词的运用2疑问词的正确运用；3be 与主语的数的一样性4介词的常见用法5人称代词的主格和宾格6现在进行时和一般现在时；主要题型有用所给词的适当形式填空、交际
14、运用；7交际运用 三重、难点突破1代词的正确运用, 疑问词的运用及be 的使用； 在运用代词时, 我们应从所替代名词的数、性别着手, 并依据它在句中的位置来确定是主格仍是宾格,是用名词性物主代词仍是形容词性物主代词 详细来说,在主语的位置用主格； 在动词、介词或副词后作宾语时,要用宾格 而形容词性物主代词后面要带名词2疑问词的使用就要依据疑问词能作什么成分,是问时间、地点,颜色,人仍是物等以及其答语来做出挑选3be 的使用要看主语是单数名词、不行数名词、仍是复数名词来确定；主要题型有用所给词的适当形式填空、交际运用；4正确区分可数名词和不行数名词特别重要；不行数名词作主语时,谓语要用单数,而可
15、名师归纳总结 数名词又有单复数之分；一般地,many、a fewfew 只修饰可数名词,much、a little little第 3 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 只修饰不行数名词,而 some、 any、a lot of 、lots“ 两者均可修饰；5现在进行时的使用关键在于其构成和依其常用的时态标志词,如look 、listen,now 等来判定一般现在时的难点在其疑问、否定的变化和当主语为单数第三人称时其谓语动词的变 化；现在以 work 为例来看看一般现在时的句式变化规律；He works every day He doe
16、snt work every day Does he work every day. 即一般变化规律留意：谓语动词为行为动词或连系动词时；be 型不在此例 主语 +谓语十其他 否定,主语 +dontdoesnt+谓语动词原形 +其他 疑问： DoDoes 主语 +谓语动词原形 +其他 . 总之,这两种时态的正确使用关键在于用法和常用时间状语；四典型例题【考题导析】例 1 语音题：选出划线部分的读音与其他三个划线部分读音不同的单词；1A. lake B. cat C. take D. cake 2A. bed B. desk C. she D. let 3A. fish B. fine C. n
17、ice D.time 4A. box B. hot C. shop D. home 分析：此题考查元音字母在重读开音节、闭音节中的读音；关键之处是同学对重读开音节、闭音节要明白；1小题的 A 、B、C、D 中只有 B 是闭音节, a 发 音,其余都是开音节,a发ei 音；2 小题 C 为开音节, e 发 i: 音,其余都是闭音节,e 发e 音；3小题 A 为闭音节,i 发i 音,其余都是开音节,i 发ai 音； 4小题 D 为开音节, o 发 音,其余都是闭音节, ；发 音；例 2 挑选填空A. _ pencil-box is this, Patrick. B. Its _. A. Whose
18、, mine B. Who s, mine C. Whose, my D. Who s my 分析：此题考查疑问词的正确使用及两种物主代词的用法；第一要分清 Whose 与 Whos的读音相同,但含义不同；Whose“ 谁的”Who“ 是谁” “ 谁是 ” 依据题意,询问“ 铅笔盒是谁的？” 那么答案从A 和 C 中挑选；而形容词性的物主代词要用于名词之前,名词性物主代词相当于一个形容词性的物主代词和名词,故此题答案为 A；例 3 I found the bottle in _ room. A. Sara and Kate B. Saras and KatesC. Saras and Kate
19、 D. Sara and Kates 分析：此题考查名词全部格；英语中表示所属,在人名后加上最终一人名后加s；故此题答案为 D；例 4 Jack and Tom are _. s,但两人共有一物,只在A. good friends B .good friend C. a good friend D. good a friend 分析：此题考查名词的数与be 动词的一样性； Jack 和 Tom 是两人,谓语是 are, 故伴侣“ friend ”一词应加 s,所以答案为 A；例 5 名师归纳总结 1 Whos that. _. B. My name is Tom 第 4 页,共 10 页A.
20、Im Tom speaking - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C. Tom speak D. This is Tom speaking 2_. This is Mr. Smith speaking now. A. Who are you B. Whos that C. Who are you calling D. What do you want to say 分析：此两题考查英语打电话的交际用语；打电话中问对方是谁,要说“Whos that.” ,不能说“ Who are you.” ；而回答“ 我是 ”要说 This is , 不能说 I am
21、 ；故答案为 1 D 2 B；例 6 Lily, its Lindas birthday tomorrow. Oh yes. I will buy _ a big birthday cake. A. him B. you C. her D. it Linda 买蛋糕,由于Linda 是分析：此题考查人称代词的正确使用；依据语境分析,预备给女孩的名字,故要用“ 她” 一词来代替,而用于动词后的人称代词要用宾格,所以正确答案为 C；例 7 Is this cake for_. C. me D. mine A. I B. my 分析：此题同样考查人称代词用于介词之后应用宾格这一用法,所以 例 8 L
22、isten. Someone_ in the next room. A. cry B. is crying C. are crying D. crying C 答案为正确的；分析：此题有一关键词listen,提示此处应用现在进行时态填空；而Someone 作主语时,谓语用单数形式,故答案为B；例 9 How many _ do you want. A. glasses of milk B. glass of milks C. glasses of milks D. milks 分析： 此题有两处应当留意：一是不行数名词无复数形式；二是 How many 与可数名词的复数形式搭配；所以此题正确答
23、案为 A；例 10 There _ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk. A. is a B. are some C. has a D. have some 分析： 英语中 “ 有” 可以用 there be 结构和 have/has,但两者用法不同；there be 表示存在有,即“ 某地有 ”；而 have/ has 表示全部,即“ 某人 物 有 ” ；此题的 on the desk 说明某地有, C、D 就不能选；而依据 there be 句型中主谓一样、就近的原就,pencil-box 没有用复数形式；故答案选 A ；例
24、 11 山东省淄博市,2002That s coat. Its A. yours ,Toms B. your, Tom ,x C your,Tom D. yours ,Tom 分析：此题考查代词和名词全部格的用法；名词性物主代词相当于一个形容词性物主代词加上一个名词,故由第一空可排除 A 、D 两项,又由句竟“ 它是汤姆的上衣” 知,应选 B解后反思 依据句意和所处位置来确定代词是解题的关键；例 12 兰州市, 2002 一 This is a photo of when they were young 一 OK ,how happy they both looked Amy father a
25、nd mother B. my mother and fathers Cmy mothers and fathers 分析：此题考查名词的全部格,片是共有的,应选 BD. my fathers and my mother A 、D 不合全部格用法,故可以排除；又由题意可知这张相名师归纳总结 解后反思英语中名词表示所属,在人名后加s,如两人共有一物,就在最终一人名后加第 5 页,共 10 页s,如为两人各自全部的,就在两人名后分别加s 例 13 青岛市, 2003 - Where my money ？I cant find it. Look. some money - - - - - - -精选
26、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - under your chair A. There has B. There are C There is D lts 分析 : 此题明显考查 there be 句型； there be 句型中 be 的数要实行就近原就,即 be 的效由离它最近的主语来打算,此题主语 some money 是不行数名词,故谓语要用单数,所以选 C,解后反思 在 there be 句型中不会显现 have 的各种形式；例 14 北京市海淀区,2002Can I get you a drink. Thats very nice of you. Ive already
27、got_. A. it B. one C. that D. this 分析：此题考查这四个指示代词的用法；当被替代的名词前有修饰语时,要用 one 或 ones；当替代不行数名词时不能用 one,只用 that；而 it 替代同类事物中的同一件事物；this 是近指,往往替代即将要说的,且 that,this,it 前均不带修饰语,故此题选 B；例 15 泉州市, 2002Im thirsty I want to buy A. two bottles of oranges B. two bottles of orange C. two bottle of oranges Dtwo bottle
28、 of orange 分析：此题考查不行敷名词的计量表达法；oranges 是橘子之意,明显与 thirsty 不符,故 A 、C 可排除, D 也不行,选 B；解后反思 orange 是多义词, 当“ 橘汁”讲时, 是不行数名词, 当“ 橘子”讲是可数名词 不可数名词的量化常用“ 数词 +量词 +of+ 不行数名词”结构,当数量超过一时,量词应用复数,如此题 B例 16 北京市海淀区,2002 Look. The boys happily in the river A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. are swimming 分析：此题考查谓语的时态；由 look
29、 这一关键词可知,此处应用现在进行时,故答案为 D解后反思 谓语动词的时态是由时间状语、示意词或上下文来确定的,它的数由主语打算；所以,做这种题,要纵观全局；例 17 厦门市, 2003 Kate has lost keys,so she asks for help A. her,mine B. hers,me C；hers,I D. her, me 分析：此题考查代词的用法；由前空所处位置知该空应填形容词性物主代词,而后句意为 “ 她向 寻求帮忙” 即 asks sb. for help；故后空应填代词宾格；应选 D,解后反思 作宾语的代词要用宾格,而作定语的代词要用形容词性物主代词；【正误
30、例析】1那个男孩是谁？误： Whose that boy. 正： Whos that boy. 析： whose 和 whos 虽然发音一样,但在句子中的功能却大不相同；前者表示“ 谁的”,作定语用,后者表示“ 是谁”,是系表结构； （有时 whos 也可作主谓结构） ；如：Whose book is this. Whos that girl over there. Whos talking in the next room. 2这条裤子是我的；误： This trouser is mine. 正： This pair of trousers is mine. & The trousers a
31、re mine. 名师归纳总结 析：某物假如是由两个对称的部分组成的,该物应用复数形式；如 shoes, glasses, compasses第 6 页,共 10 页（圆规）等；假如表示“ 一条 ,一双 ,一副 ” 等时,往往用athis, thatpair of+该物；这一结构作主语时谓语动词用单数；假如前面与物主代词或名词全部格连用作主语时,- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 谓语动词用复数；如：That pair of glasses is hers. My shoes are black. 3请把你的自行车借给我；误： Please borrow
32、 your bike to me. 正： Please lend your bike to me. & Please lend me your bike. 析： lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth.意为“ 把某物借给某人”,即从物主那儿借出去；borrow sth. from sb.意为“ 从某人那儿借来某物”；五强化训练I单词拼写 A）按要求写出以下单词的适当形式；1. family （复数）_ 2. my（名词性物主代词）_ 3. swim（现在分词） _ 4. meet（同音词） _ 5. short（反义词） _ 6. study（第三人称单数）_ 7. f
33、riend 形容词 _ 8. question（同义词） _ 9. they（宾格） _ 10. boys（全部格形式）_ B）依据句意及首字母提示,补全单词 11. The bottle is e_. I want a full one. 12. In the classroom there are many pictures on the t _desk. 13. May I borrow your dictionary. Of c_. Here you are. 14. He likes t_ by train, because its cheap and safe. t open it
34、. 15. Tom is at the door of the c lassroom. But it is l_. He canC）用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空；16. Li Ning can speak_English. 17. There are three _ knife on the table. 18. We re doing _ we homework at home. 19. The school gate is _ close now. 20. You can eat_ difference kinds of food in that restaurant. II 挑选填空
35、21. _ girl has _ apple. _ apple is big and red. A. An, an, The B. The, an, The C. A, a, An D. The, an, An 22. These are _ cups. _ are over there. A. our, Yours B. yours, Mine C. his, Our D. Their, Your 23. I often go to school_. What about you. I often _ to school. A. by bus, ride a bike B. by a bus
36、, ride a bike s C. by a bus, by a bike D. by bus, ride bike 24. This is Lucys pen. Please _. A. give her to it B. give her it C. give it to her D. give it her 25. _ that. I think _ Han Mei. A. Who s, itB. Whose, its C. Who s, its D. Whose, it26. I have two pens. One is blue, _ is black. 名师归纳总结 - - -
37、 - - - -第 7 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. other B. others C. the other D. another 27. Your English is very good. _. A. Yes, youre right B. Thank you C. Thats right D. No, its not good 28. Your coat is here. Please _. A. put on them B. put them on C. put on it D. put it on 29. _ do you like abo
38、ut Beijing. The people, and the food. A. How B. Where C. Which D. What 30. _ she _ a computer. A. Is, have B. Is, has C. Does, has D. Does, have 31. Lets go and _. A. play football B. play the football C. play a football D. to play football 32. Nice to meet you. _. A. Nice to see you. B. Hello, how
39、are you. C. Nice to meet you, too. D. Thank you very much. 33. Whats wrong _ your bike. It s broken. A. with B. on C. for D. about 34. Its seven oclock. Kate _ supper now. A. have B. has C. are having D. is having 35. Who is the woman in the car. She is _ mother. A. Kates and Marys B. Kate and Marys
40、 C. Kate and Mary D. Kates and Mary 36. You like _ basketball. Would you like _ a new one. A. play, buying B. to play, buy C. to play, buying D. playing, to buy 37. _ . I d like a pair of shoes. Please show me the white pair. A. Can I help you B. What do you do C. What are you doing D. Will you plea
41、se help me 38. Very nice _ to you. A. talk B. talking C. talks D. to talk 39. What does he _ at the meeting. A. say B. tell C. talk D. speak 40. _. It s five oclock. A. What day is it, please B. What s the name, please C. What s the time, please D. What s this, please III 动词应用41. My father _ get up at 5:30 every morning. 42. Its time_ have classes. Lets go. 43. _ not be late for school again. 44. Would you like something _eat. 45. I can help you _ carry the heavy box. 46. Look. They _ play games over there. 名师归纳总结 47. What _ Wang Fang _ do. She is a teacher. 第 8 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精