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1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -上海高考英语备考训练上海高考英语题型训练 : 写作 2022 高三第一学期期末质量抽查IV. Summary Writing （10 分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 松江It goes without sayin
2、g that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （词汇的）differences - pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can caus
3、e confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. Thats why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this. When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the
4、 language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots （同 胞） on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things which didnt exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo.
5、They also picked up words which they heard being used by other European immigrants. The word boss ” ,for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word baas which means master. The word cookie also ” . comes from the Dutch koekjeThere are
6、 many words, phrases and even grammatical structures which are mistaken for Americanisms （美式英语用语） in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form of British English which has disappeared in Britain. The verbs guess ” meaning think
7、 and “ loan ” meaning lend and the adjective mad meaning angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms, yet they all appeared in British English hundreds of years ago. In the case of “ loan ” , it was used as long ago as 1,200 years. In fact, English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in t
8、he last 500 years that American English now represents the last place where some original British English forms can be found. 参考答案： Although American English and British English are the same language, there are great differences. Two reasons account for the phenomenon. New words were created after t
9、he first English settlers in America saw new things and learned words from other Europeans. Additionally, some original expressions have been changed by British people while they are still being used by Americans. 崇明Giving Thanks This is the season for taking the time to reflect on what were thankfu
10、l for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years. Gratitude is a 1 / 4细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - -
11、 - - - - -上海高考英语备考训练muscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders. Emmons, through his research, found that grateful people reported feeling healthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who
12、 werent. In the workplace, well-being is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who arc shown that they arc appreciated arc -being is simply the more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees rig
13、ht thing to do. Providing programs that support managing lifes everyday challenges, offering fitness classes or implementing flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals. Working in an ever-evol
14、ving, fast-paced industry, I am surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving for more and better. Gratitude challenges yon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts by paying attention to whats going on in your life, and that true self-awareness is a k
15、ey ingredient to being successful in your career. Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships, both at work and in your personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections. The old saying g
16、oes “ It s never too late to say youre sorry,” but the samof gratitude. Thats a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year. 参考答案： We should show gratitude year-round as it is beneficial to both our personal and professional life. First, it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier, thus
17、promoting production at work. Second, it makes us more self-aware, which can contribute to career success. Lastly,it makes us more likely to forgive others and helps build strong relationships. 59 words 虹口The Zeigarnik Effect Have you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project f
18、or school or work when you were trying to focus on other things. Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you ve experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik
19、effect can be put into use in everyday life. The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to jus
20、t get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, its probably best if its something fairly easy. The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. S
21、o instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in 2 / 4细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -上海高考英语备考训练which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive（侵入的）thoughts,
22、 enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam. The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive th
23、oughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well - being. The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to posit
24、ively impact your work productivity. 参考答案： The Zeigarnik effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than complete ones, is useful in daily life. Firstly, it can keep people from putting off things when they start with a small step. Besides, it encourages breaks in students study, thus
25、improving recall in exams. Thirdly, it promotes mental health by providing the motivation needed to finish tasks. 徐汇The Decline of Biodiversity Biodiversity is the range of living things in an area. During the last 100 years, scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity. Some studies show th
26、at one in eight plant species is threatened with extinction. It is estimated that 140,000 species of plants are lost each year. Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans. The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests. Most of this destruction is done to crea
27、te pasture 牧场 for beef cattle. Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming, which supplies beef to the rest of the world. It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced, 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed. The forests are also cut
28、down to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption. The introduction of exotic 外来的 species is another threat. The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife, which could potentially lead to the extinctions of loc
29、al species. When exotic species are introduced to a place, they try to establish a self-sustaining population. While the local species, which havent had a chance to evolve, defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species. The disappearance of certain food animals can be disastrous not on
30、ly to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem. It is these small creatures which convert much of the energy in an ecosystem from unusable i.e. microscopic plants, decaying matter, etc. into usable forms, namely their bodies. Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms unus
31、able to other species. This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living, and less capable of producing resources that humans need. 参考答案： Biodiversity is declining fast. One major reason is that people cut down 3 / 4细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -
32、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -上海高考英语备考训练tropical rain forests to raise cattle for beef or to grow food. Another reason is that some local species may extinct because they cannot compete with exotic species. The disappearance of certain species can do great harm to the ecosystem and envi
33、ronment.（54 words）VI. Guided Writing 25 分 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below m Chinese. 松江你校预备为高三同学开展一次普及上海历史学问的活动,看法：现有两个方案征求大家1. 学校组织同学集体驱车前往上海市历史博物馆 Shanghai History Museum,现场参观并倾听专业讲解员 professional museum guide介绍上海历史,共计五小时；2. 学校邀 .
34、请某知名高校历史教授到校以 请你以李华的名义向王校长写一封信,由”崇明“上海历史 为主题做讲座, 共计两小时；在信中谈谈你更偏向哪个方案, 并说明理76. 明启中学为了进一步丰富学校艺术节,打算在原有三个专场（分别是：书法 专场、器乐专场、歌曲专场）的基础上再增加一个专场, 现向广大师生征求看法；假设你是该校同学林平, 给负责的王老师写一封电子邮件,表达你的看法； 邮件 内容须包括：1, 增加的专场的名称；2, 该专场的详细内容；3, 增加该专场的理由；宝山 假如你是红星中学高三年级的同学, 你的英语老师在作文批阅时常常采纳同学自 批,同学互批或老师批阅（或集体批阅或面批）的方式；请就此情形通
35、过微信和 英语老师沟通一下,谈谈你的看法,你的文章必需包括：1, 你喜爱哪种方式？为什么？2, 提出你认为可以提高作文批阅效率的合理化建议并给出理由；虹口 甚至转变了人们的日常生活方式；人们常 手机给现代人的生活带来了许多便利,常会在手机上下载一些常用的应用程序 app；你平常使用较多的是哪一类应用 程序呢？请你向同学们举荐一款应用程序,并阐述理由；徐汇假设你是陈芳； 你的好友王敏是新华中学的同学,下个月将去英国的姐妹校沟通拜访；王敏想拍照一个短片, 向英国的同学和老师介绍自己的学校；她通过邮件向你征求看法；写一封回信,内容须包括：1, 短片的主题以及与之匹配的主要内容；2, 你挑选这些内容的理由；4 / 4细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -