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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 被动语态语法学问系统归纳定义（1）英语的语态共有两种：主动语态 和被动语态；（2）被动语态是动词的一种特别形式,一般来说,语态 ；只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动（3）被动语态由 “助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成；被动语态的时态变化只转变be 的形式,过去分词部分不变；（4）疑问式和否定式的变化也如此；类型一般现在时主动语态tobe 被动语态 am isare amisare+done do/does一般将来时willbe going will+be+doneaboutto+do一般过去时 was were waswere+done
2、did现在进行时amisare+doingamisare+being+done过去进行时waswere+doingwaswere+being+done现在完成时havehas+donehavehas+been+done过去完成时had+donehad+been+done情态动词情态动词 +V.情态动词 +be+done过去将来时would/should +V.would/should be + done一般类型1、一般现在时：主： We believe him. 被： He is believed by us. 2、一般过去时：主： He bought his children some pe
3、ns. 被： Some pens were bought for his children by him. 3、一般将来时：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 主： Everyone will know the truth soon . 被： The truth will be known by everyone. 4、现在进行时：主动： The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute. 被动： The
4、 main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute 5、过去进行时：主： They were carrying the hurt player. 被： The hurt player was being carried by them . 6、现在完成时：主： He has received the letter. 被： The letter has been received by him. 7、过去完成时：主： They had built ten bridges. 被： Ten bridges had been built by t
5、hem 特别类型1、疑问句和否定句的被动语态is being repaired by the workers. What kind of device is needed to make the control system simple.My car was not repaired yesterday.2、含情态动词和 助动词 等的被动态带情态动词和 助动词 等的被动态如何处理比较复杂,要随新的 主语 来变化；主动： We shall not use the washing machine again. 被动： The washing machine will not be used ag
6、ain. 主动： We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion. 被动： More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. 3.含情态动词的疑问句和否定句的被动语态Must this work be done at once？Should your homework be finished before six？When must this work be done？This dustbin shouldnt be put here4、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示
7、 “据说 ”或“ 信任 ” 的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型 “ It+be+过去分词 +that 从句 ”或 “主语 +be+过去分词 +to do sth.；有：It is said that 据说 It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that 大家信任 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - It is hoped that 大家期望 It is well-known tha
8、t 众所周知 It is thought that 大家认为 It is suggested that 据建议 主动语态变被动语态特别句型1.假如是接双宾语的动词 改为被动语态时,直接宾语 （物）作主语,那么动词后要用介词 ,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词打算；He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by m
9、y father. 2.一些 动词短语 用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或 副词；We can t laugh at him. He can laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. listened to by him every day. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. 3. 当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语 ” 结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结
10、构中的主语,其余 不动；Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 主动语态表示被动含义1、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义留意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特点,而被动语态就强调外界作用造成的影响；The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门,指“ 门没有锁 ”是人的缘由）（1）表示 “ 发生、进行 ”（即多数的 瞬时动词 ） 的不及物动词和短语无被动语态,如：happen, last,
11、 take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义；（错） The accident was happened last week. （对） The accident happened last week. （2） 英语中有许多动词如break ,catch,clean,drive,lock, open,sell,read,write ,wash 等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特点时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义 ,主语 通常是物；This kin
12、d of cloth washes well. （3）系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, look, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义；Your reason sounds reasonable. 2.动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义（1） 在 need,want ,require, bear 等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义 相当于动词不定式的被动形式；The house needs repairing （to be repaired ）这房子需要修理；名师归纳总结 （2）形容词 worth 后面跟动名词
13、的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式；而 worthy第 3 页,共 4 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式；The picture-book is well worth reading （=The picture-book is very worthy to be read ）（3） 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系 ,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义；I have a lot of things to do this afternoonto do 与 thin
14、gs 是动宾关系, 与 I 是主谓关系； 试比较：I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted. 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明 you 不是 post 动作的执行者； （4）在某些 “ 形容词 +不定式 ” 做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的规律宾语时,这经常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义；这些形容词有例nice,easy,fit ,hard,difficult ,important ,impossible,pleasant,interesting 等；This problem is d
15、ifficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 for me ）. （5） 在 too to 结构中,不定式前面可加规律主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义；This book is too expensive for me to buy. （6） 在 there be句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物；例There is no time to lose（to be lost ）（用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose；用 to be lost ,谁 lost time 不明确；
16、）3.介词 in,on 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,动形式,名词前一般不用冠词；含被动之义, 其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被（1）“ under +名词 ”结构,表示 “某事在进行中 ” ；常见的有： under control （受掌握） , under treatment （在治疗中） , under repair （在修理中）, under discussion（在争论中）, under construction （在施工中） ；The building is under construction. （2） “ beyond+名词 ” 结构, “出
17、乎 赛过 、范畴、限度 ” ；常见的有： beyond belief 令人难以置信 ,beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及）,beyond ones control （无法掌握） ,beyond our hope我们的胜利始料不及；The rumour is beyond belief （ =can t be believed）（3）“ above+名词 ”结构 ,表示 “ 品质、行为、才能等超过 、高于 ”；His honest character is above all praise =His honest character cannot be praised enough （4）“ for+名词 ”结构,表示 “适于 、为着 ”；如： for sale出售 , for rent （出租）等；That house is for sale. = That house is to be sold. （5）“ in+名词 ” 结构,表示 “在 过程中或范畴内 视野范畴内 ,等；The book is not yet in print =is not yet printed ”常见的有： in print （在印刷中）,in sight 在名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页