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1、Emperor Qinshihuang Before we feast our eyes on the wonder,Id like to you to learn an important man in Chinas history.He was EmperorQinshihuang.Emperor Qinshihuang，the first emperor of Qin，came to throne at the age of 13,lived from 259 BC to 210 BC.He ordered the construction of the Mausoleum.When h
2、e was 39 years old,he successfully conquered the other six kingdomsand unified China for the first time.Then,he proclaimed himself the first sovereign emperor of China.During his ruling,thecoinage,the measurements and the written characters of the whole country were standardized.Meanwhile,he ordered
3、 thebuilding and linking of the world famous Great Wall.He also forced labor power all over the country to construct Apang Palaceand his mausoleum.The Mausoleum is located at the foot of Mount Lishan,a branch of Mt.Qinling.It took about 38 years to complete theMausoleum.We can see it looks like a hi
4、ll.After it was completed,all the slaves who built the Mausoleum were not allowed to beout just in order to keep it a secret.The Finding of the Terra-cotta Warriors and HorsesNow,ladies and gentlemen,here we are in front of the Mausoleum Museum.In March 1974,when several farmers weredigging a well a
5、bout 1.5 km east of the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang,they came upon many fragments of terra-cottafigures.Later,After the excavation,this grand underground military troop came to light again.And people named them Pit No 1,Pit No.2,and Pit No.3 by the order of discovery.The Three PitsFirst,lets se
6、e Pit 1.Pit 1 is the largest one among the three ones.It measures 230 meters long from east to west,62meters wide from north to south,covering an area of 14,260 square meters,the same size of two football fields.The military1formation in it is made of chariots and infantry.Up to now,about 2000 potte
7、ry warriors and horses,20 wooden chariots havebeen unearthed.It is assumed that more than 6000 terra-cotta warriors and horses,50 chariots were buried in Pit 1.Pit No.1 isan earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel.There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of thepit.
8、Eleven corridors,divided by ten earth-rammed partition walls,are paved with pottery bricks on which the figures wereplaced.Thick rafters were placed onto the walls,which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth.In the east end arearrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors,70 pieces in ea
9、ch.They are supposed to be the van of the formation.Immediatelybehind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors,each being 180m long.They areprobably the main body of the formation.There is one line of warriors in the left,right and west ends respectively,faci
10、ngoutwards.They are probably the flanks and the rear.Pit No.2 is about half the size of Pit No.1.More than 1000 terra-cotta warriors and horses have been excavated from PitNo.2,including standing archers and kneeling archers,infantrymen，charioteers，cavalry horses,chariot horses.The pit coversan area
11、 of about 6000 square meters and is only partially excavated.The figures remained in their original positions.The facialexpressions and postures of cavalrymen and archers vary.The pit is characterized by the giant battle formation in the shape of L.Now,ladies and gentlemen,please follow me to Pit No
12、.3.The arrangement of the pottery figures is quite different from thatin Pit No 1 and Pit No.2 in which the warriors are placed in battle formation.But those in Pit No.3 are arrayed opposite to eachother along the walls,in two rows.Even the weapons held by the warriors in Pit No.3 are different from
13、 those in Pits No.1 andNo.2.This pit is supposed to be headquarters of the underground army.All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east,showing Emperor Qinshihuangsstrong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.Bronze Ch
14、ariots and HorsesIn December 1980,two sets of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 meters west of the mount ofEmperor Qin Shihuangs mausoleum.They were listed as No.1 and No.2 respectively according to the order of their discovery.When excavated,the chariots and horses were ser
15、iously damaged due to the decayed wooden coffin and the collapse ofearthen layers.The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot,horse and driver in half life-size.Thechariots and horses are decorated with colored drawings against white background.Qin Shi Huangs Mausole
16、um Site Park(Lishan Park)Lishan Park，around 2220 meters long from north to south and 1010 meters wide from east to west,covers an area of226 hectares.This site park of Emperor Qinshihuangs Mausoleum Site Museum was opened to the public on October 1,2010.It contains the tumulus of Qinshihuangs Mausoleum,major architectural sites that have been discovered,ritual sacrifice pits,theMuseum of Terracotta Acrobatics,Museum of Terracotta Civil Officials,Museum of Stone Armor and Museum of Bronze Chariotand Horse.2