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1、1Hello,everyone!Today we are going to visit a famous museum,the Forest of Stone Tablets.The Forest of Stone TabletsMuseum is a courtyard-styled structure and covers an area of about 30,000 square meters.It is situated on the site of theConfucian Temple on Sanxue Street,Xian.The museum served as the
2、Imperial Ancestral Temple in the Tang Dynasty,and laterbecame the Confucian Temple in the Song Dynasty.In 1950,it was extended into the museum that greets us today.The highlights of the museum of course mainly refer to the stone tablets and stone sculptures.But there are some others thatmight attrac
3、t your interest.For example,decorated memorial arch or pailou in Chinese,it was set up to honor men ofattainments in ancient times.The structure aheadof us is the so called pailou.If we move on,we can see some stone stakes that can date back to Ming and Qing Dynasties.Besides the pailou and stone st
4、akes,we can aslo see a big bell housed in the eastern pavilion.The bell was cast in 711A.D.and was accepted as a world famous bell at the World Bell Exhibition in 1964.A recording of its chimes ia played by theCentral Peoples Broadcasting Station on New Years Eve to usherin the New Year.Now the main
5、 course of our visit,the stone tablets and stone scultures.The exhibits here can be divided into two categories:stone tablets and stone sculptures.The treasure house comprises a largecollection of centuries-old stone tablets.Over 3,000 stone tablets from the Han Dynasty through the Qing Dynasty are
6、preserved,hence its name theForest of Stone Tablets.”The Forest of Stone Tablets is not only a treasure house of ancient Chinesecalligraphy,but also a rich collection of historical documents and stone carvings of various styles.The Forest of Stone Tabletswas declared a top-priority national historic
7、al monument by the State Council in March，1961.The tablets bear evidence to thecultural achievements recorded in ancient China and the cultural exchanges between China and other countries.No tourists will2take the risk of missing the Forest of Stone Tablets once they visit Xian.The stone tablets are
8、 now on display in seven display rooms,six epitaph corrdors and one tablet pavilion.Lets visit themone by one.In front of the first display room is the Tablet Pavilion specially built for the Classic On Filial Piety.”“The Classic on Filial Piety”is the largest stone tablet in the Forest of Stone Tab
9、lets.It was engraved after the handwritten copyof Emperor Xuan Zong(Li Longji)in745A.D.The classic was compiled by Zeng Shen,a disciple of Confucius after he attendedhis teachers lecture on filial piety.Emperor Xuan Zong wrote a preface to the classic in the hopes that the country would begoverned o
10、n the principle of filial piety.The preface is followed by the body of the classic.The small characters are Emperor XuanZongs annotations to the classic.The First Display RoomThe first display room houses the“Kaicheng Stone Classics，”including 12 Chinese classics，namely“The Book ofChanges,”“The Book
11、 of History,”etc.The classics，with a total number of 650,252 characters,were engraved double-sidedon 114 stone tablets.The display room also houses another classic entitled“Mencius,”with 30,000 characters,which wasengraved on 17 stone tablets in the Qing Dynasty.This Classic and 12 others are called
12、 the“Thirteen Classics.”These 12classics were required readings for feudal society intellectuals.Printing was quite backward in ancient times.The classics wereengraved on stones as the standard copy so that they could be well kept and men of letters could avoid errors in copying them.The stone table
13、ts were then erected in the Changan Imperial Academy for the proof-reading of handwritten copies.From theEastern Han Dynasty onwards,the classics were engraved seven times.However,only the“Kaicheng Stone Classics”remainintact today.The Second Display RoomThis display room mainly houses the stone tab
14、lets of calligraphy written by famous calligraphers of the Tang Dynasty.Up totoday,these tablets have served as models for learners of calligraphy to follow.Several examples are the“Tablet to HuangfuDan”by OuyangXun，the“Tablet to Master Dao Yin”by Ouyang Tong,the son of Ouyang Xun the“Tablet to Duob
15、ao Pagoda”andthe“Tablet to the Yans Ancestral Temple”by Yan Zhenqing the”Tablet to the Mysterious Pagoda”by Liu Gongquan,(P11,共2张)and the world famous“the Nestorian Tablet.”The Third Display RoomThe third display room houses the stone tablets that range from the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty.They
16、bear a wide varietyof Chinese script forms,including seal script,official script,regular script,running script and cursive script,these stone tabletsshow the evolution of the Chinese writinng system.The Fourth Display RoomThis display room houses works of poetry in authentic handwriting of the well-
17、known calligraphers from the Song through theQing Dynasty,tablets of historical significance in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and some line engravings from the Song throughthe Qing Dynasties.Here are two line engravings：“Bodhidharmas Eastbound Journey”and Bodhidharma in Meditation”.This drawing is com
18、posed of characters ingeniously pieced together.It is called Jizi Kuixing Diandou Tu (a portrait ofKuixing composedof characters).The mans posture implies that he ranks first on the list of successful candidates.This pictureis vividly and ingeniously constructed.The Fifth Display RoomThe fifth displ
19、ay room houses the stone tablets which record such historical facts as temple repair,canal digging and wall mending during the dynasties of Song，Yuan，Ming and Qing.They provide valuable data of reference for the study of feudalsociety and local history.There are also some tablets inscribed with big
20、characters written in a single stroke by Ma Dezhao in the Qing Dynasty.They include“虎”，“寿 and“福”which literally mean in English，tiger”，”longevity”and”happiness.”The characters assumea vigorous style and offer much enjoyment to their viewers.The Sixth Display Room The sixth display room mainly houses
21、 stone tablets of poetry and verses that date back to the dynasties of Yuan,Mingand Qing.Typical examples are“A Visit to Mt.Tianguan”by Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynast,“Farewell to Zhang Sheng inMuoling Inn”by Dong Qichang of the Ming Dynasty,“A letter to Wu He”by Emperor Kang Xi of the Qing Dynasty
22、in Mi Fuswriting style(P32)and“A Visit to Mount Hua”by Lin Zexu.They are all treasures of the country.The Seventh Display RoomThis last display room was built in 1982，and houses“the Secret Court Copybook of Chunhua”in the Song Dynasty.Thesecret copybook is made up of ten volumes.The first five volum
23、es contain the works of calligraphy in seal script,cursive script and regular script.They were created by famous emperors，ministers and calligraphers in anciet times.The other five volumescontain the works of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi in cursive script.They are a collection of the works of the Chi
24、nesecalligraphers before the Song Dynasty.The Corridors of EpitaphsAlong the six tortuous corridors，there are epitaphs from the Wei to the Qing Dynasties.In the Wei and Jin periods，itwas strictly forbidden to hold extravagant funerals for the dead and erect memorial tablets before their tombs,but to
25、commemorate the deceased,their families and relatives engraved on the stone tablets words of compliment for the deadand placed the tablets secretly into their tombs.This type of stone engraving later gave rise to the emergence of epitaphs.The Stone Scuplture 3This showroom was built in 1963.It house
26、s more than 70 stone sculptures which were originally collected from different parts ofShaanxi Province.These pieces of art are classified into two groups：mausoleum carvings and religious carvings.They arearranged in chronological order.Because of our tight schedule,I just want to introduce two ston
27、e sculptures.First,ZhaolingMausoleum Horeses.When Zhaoling was built by the order of Emperor Li Shimin，six stone horses were also sculpted in memory of the sixhorses，which had served him in constant wars.They were actually created by the famous painter Yan Liben.,and the last two were stolen and now
28、 are stored in America.This is a statue of Li Er，the founder of the theory of Taoism，a religion of the Han nationality.The religion originated from thelate Eastern Han Dynasty.The statue was probably created by Yuan Jia er，a famous sculptor from the Western Regions.Thiswork of art is one of the masterpieces among the Tang-Dynasty sculptures.4