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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载前言：要学好一门外语,无非是从词、句,最终到段,词句需要积存,段由句组成,句子由词构成,因此明白词的用法很重要,但单纯的词又需要句帮忙记忆,所以在讲词之前先告知大家学校三种最常见句子结构：1. 主语 +谓语+宾语 例如：I like English. I see you. 2. 主语 +谓语+副词The bus goes quickly. They walk slowly. 3. 主语 +be动词 +形容词或名词They are students. They are young. 下面就是对学校显现的词性和语法的总结；一、名词
2、：多用作主语和宾语；1、 可数名词与不行数名词的区分可数名词分为个体名词 如 book, desk,等和集体名词 如 people, family 等；假如一般名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来运算的,这类名词就叫不行数名词； 如 meat, water, milk, homework, time 等；2、 名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规章如下：. 一般的名词词尾直接加 -s ；如：book books room rooms house houses day days . 以 s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加 -es ；如：bus buses glass glasses wa
3、tch watches dish dishes box boxes . 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词,要先将 y 改为 i 再加 -es；如：city cities body bodies factory factories. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,要将 f 或 fe 改为 v 再加 -es；如：half halves leaf leaves knife knives wife wives . 特例 静静话：特例常常考,要记住； child children mouse mice man men woman women policeman policemen 规律 :man men t
4、omato tomatoes potato potatoes 静静话：以 o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加 -s 喽！如：photo photosfoot feet tooth teeth 静静话： oo 变成 ee； sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 静静话：变复数时词形不变； 3、不行数名词的家务事. 不行数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式；如：The food is very fresh.食品很新奇；有复数形式, 但他们的意义往往发生变化；如：. 有的不行数名词也可以作可数名词,orange 橘汁 or
5、anges 橘子 ；4、“行行色色 ”的名词全部格 ,名词词尾加 s 的全部格 . . 一般情形在名词后加 s；例如：That girls coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里；. 在以 s结尾的名词 包括以 s结尾的复数名词 后面,只加 ；Today is September 10th, Teachers Day.；Childrens Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son. 假如一个东西为两个人共同拥有,只在最终一个名词后面加 s；例如：They are Johns and Kates rooms
6、. How beautiful they are.He is Lily and Lucys father. 即学即练： 用所给名词的适当形式填空；1. How many_ sheep are there on the hill. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2. There is some_ food in the basket. 3. The baby has only two_ tooth now. 4. There are a lot of_ Chinese in Japan. 5.
7、There are five_ people in his family. 6. Let s take_ photo, OK. 7. I have lots of_ tomato here. 8. The_ leaf on the tree turn-yellow. 9. The_ child are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their_ dictionary look new. 11. I see you have a few white_ hair. 12. They are_ woman doctors. 13. Can you
8、give me some bottles of _ orange, please. 14. There are many_ fox in the picture. 15. I would like some apple_ juice. I am very thirsty. 16. This is a man. 复数 _. 17. That is an apple. 复数） _. 18. There is a pen on the desk. 复数） _.19. He is a good student. 复数） _. 20. She is a good teacher. （复数） _. 二、冠
9、词 ：定冠词（ the）、不定冠词 a, an和零冠词（即名词前不用冠词）,修饰名词；1. 不定冠词 a, an的用法, a 用在辅音音素前, an用在元音音素前；例如：a desk a chair, a cup；an apple, an orange, an egg, an hour等；2. 定冠词 the 的用法 : 在上面提到的人或事物之前,例如：There is a book on the desk. The book is mine. 用在乐器名词之前,例如：play the piano, play the violin 等；3. 不用定冠词的四项留意；今日 ,我们从八个方面来学习一
10、下哪些时候不用定冠词“ the ”；定冠词不能用在节日、星期、日期、月份、季节前面；例如: I go to school on the Monday. I go to school on Monday. 定冠词不用在三餐前,例如I want to have porridge for the supper. I want to have porridge for supper. 定冠词不用在球类名词前,例如I play the soccer every day. I play soccer every day. 定冠词不与名词前有this, that, my, your, some, any等代
11、词连用；例如 : This the pen is mine. This pen is mine.即学即练 ：用 a, an, the或/填空；1. It is _ orange on the table. 2. I have _ egg and some bread for _ breakfast. 3. Tom plays _ piano every day. 4. -Is this your _ book. -No, it isn t. 5. There are sixty minutes in _ hour. 6. -Look. Here is a pen. Is _ pen yours
12、. -Oh, yes, it is mine. Thank you. 7. School usually starts in _ September. 8. It is always hot in _ summer. 9. June first is _ Children s Day. 10. My birthday is in _ May. 三、动词 : 用于作句子的谓语；动词分类：系动词（ be 动词）、情态动词、助动词、行为（实义）动词；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1.学习必备欢迎下载系be动词：到目前
13、为止我们学到的主要是be 动词,包括 am, is, are, was, were五个；2.情态动词. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,它的后面必需接动词原形；. 常见情态动词： can, must, may, would . 情态动词的用法及主要句型：a. -Can I help you. b. -Can + 主语 + 动词原形？-Yes, please. / No, thank you. -Yes, 主语+can. / No, 主语 +cant.c. -Can I use your pen. -Yes, of course. / Sure. Here you are. d. -May I co
14、me in. -Come in, please. e. -May I sit here. -Yes, please. / Sorry, please dont.f. -Would you like something to eat. -Yes, please. / No, thank you. g. -Would you like to go to a movie. -Yes, Id love to. /I d love to, but I am busy.3. 助动词：帮忙实义动词构成否定句和疑问句的词；到目前学过 3 个 do, does和 did.例如： I like English.
15、I dont like English. / Do you like English. He wants an ice cream. He doesn t want an ice cream. / Does he want an ice cream. They went to school yesterday. They didn t go to school yesterday. / Did they go to school yesterday. 特殊提示： do 也可以做行为动词,区分就在于 do 做助动词时后必需有行为动词,例如： I do my homework every day.
16、 I don t do my homework. 4. 行为（实义） 动词：除去以上三类, 其余的动词皆为行为动词, 表示有实际意义的动词；如： run, work, jump, go 等；即学即练 ：用横线划出句子中的动词并判定属于哪类动词,写在后面的括号内；A. be 动词B. 情态动词 C. 助动词D. 行为动词1. He is a good student in his class. 2. What can you do. 3. I do my homework every day. 4. She likes English very much. 5. Tom does not eat
17、 anything. 6. John and I are good friends. 7. May I go to the store with you. 8. I am good at math. 9. You must wash your clothes. 10. They do not want the TV. 四、介词常见介词用法：1. at: 用于表示时刻,时间的某一点或表示在某一个小地方；例如：at nine oclock, at night, at home2. on: 用于星期、日期、节日、详细某一天的上午、下午、晚上或在 上面 等；on Monday, on April fi
18、rst, on Childrens Day, on Sunday morning, on the desk3. in: 用于表示年、月、季节、上午、下午、晚上或在 里面、某个大地方等；in 2022, in March, in summer, in the evening, in the bag, in China等；4. with: 表示“带有、和 在一起、用 工具”等；例如：I want to buy a big house with a swimming pool. I go to school with Lily. We write with a pen. 即学即练 ：用 in, on
19、, at, with 填空；1. I usually eat supper _ six thirty _ the evening. 2. My father often watches TV _ night. 3. I always go to swim _ Tom _ summer. 4. Children always have a good time _ Children s Day. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载5. Some students stay up熬夜 _ Friday
20、evening and _ Saturday morning they often sleep late（睡过头）；6. There is a clock _ the wall and some windows _ the wall. 7. There are some apples _ the tree and a bird _ the tree. 8. We have four classes _ the morning, and three _ the afternoon. 9. _ school, I usually put my schoolbag _ my desk. 10. If
21、 I have a lot of money, I am going to buy a big house _ a small garden for my parents. 五、代词代词分类：学校显现的代词有人称代词、指示代词、不定代词和疑问代词；1. 人称代词主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词I me my mine he him his *his she her her *hers it it its *its you you your yours we us our *ours they them their *theirs you you your yours 做主语用主格,
22、做宾语用宾格（在动词和介词后）；例如：He is a boy. She is a girl. We like her very much. He sits in front of me. 形物主用来修饰名词,名物主已经相当于名词,后不接名词；This is his book. These are their books. That book is his. Those books are theirs. 并列人称代词语序,单数：2,3,1；复数： 1,2,3.You, he and I are all good students. We, you and they dont like pink
23、.2. 指示代词： this, that, these, those this,这个,表示 “近指”；that,那个,表示 “远指”；Whats this in English. Whats that in English. these,这些, this 复数形式； those,那些, that 复数形式；This is an orange.（变复数） These are oranges.That is a desk.（变复数） Those are desks.3. 不定代词some/any, many/much, a little/a few, a lot of/lots of some和
24、any 都可以修饰可数名词复数也可以修饰不行数名词,但 some用于确定句,any 用于否定句和疑问句；例如：肯：I have some pencils. 疑：Do you have any pencils. 否： I don t have any pencils.特例： Would you like some porridge. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -many 只用来修饰可数名词复数,而much 只能修饰不行数名词；例如：There are many people on the playground. There is much water in the bottle. a
25、 little 只用来修饰不行数名词,而a few 只能修饰可数名词；例如：There is a little milk in the cup. There are a few apples in the basket. a lot of 和 lots of 完全同义,可以互换,既修饰可数名词复数又可以修饰不行数名词；例如：I have a lot of/lots of friends at school. There is a lot of/lots of juice in the glass. 即学即练：用所给单词的适当形式填空；1. Tom is sitting here. _ he i
26、s waiting for Lily. 2. Miss. Li is a good teacher. Everyone in our class likes _. she 3. This is _I book. That book is _. you 4. Your pen is new. _my is new, too. 5. These are Lucy and Lily. _they are twins. _they father is my father s friend. 6. I have _ biscuits. Do you want _. some/any 第 4 页,共 10
27、 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载7. He has _ pens in his pencil case. many/much 8. There isn t _ water in the cup. many/much 9. I have _ time now. You can tell me about it. a little/a few 10. There are _ boys in my class. a lot of/lots of 六、数词： 数词分为基数词和序数词1. 表示数目多少的词叫基数词,多用于修饰名词；例如：I have two pen
28、s. There are forty students in my class. 基础词 0-12 需要特殊记忆, 13-19 后加-th, 整十以 -ty 结尾；例如： zero, thirteen, twenty 记忆秘笈：基数词不难记,找清规律很简洁；十二以内词名异,十三数到十九去,后加-teen莫遗忘；二十、三十到九十,整十之后有-ty；要说“ 几十几” ,中间“-” 别丢弃；hundred是“ 一百” ,请你记住莫大意；2. 表示次序和等级的词叫序数词；多用于表示日期；例如：It is June first today. Tomorrow is June second. 序数词学校阶
29、段只在日期中显现,所以需要把握第一到第三十的序数词；除了 first, second, third 以及和它们一起组成的高位数词外,序数词的构成方法是在相应的基数词后加 -th；背诵口诀：基变序有规律,一、二、三,特殊记,结尾字母 t, d, d,th 要从四算起；八去 t 九减 e,f 来把 ve 替,整十把 y 变 ie,如是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以；即学即练：用所给单词的适当形似填空；1. He has _ two children. 2. I can count 数数from _ one to one hundred. 3. I live on the _ five floor. 4
30、. Today is March _. three 5. There are _ six people in my family. 6. June _ twenty-one is my birthday. 7. I am the first one to come here. He is the _ five one. 8. It is January nineteenth. Tomorrow is January _. twenty 七、形容词、副词我们把描述人或事物的性质、 特点和状态的词叫做形容词； 把修饰动词和形容词, 表示时间、地点、程度、方式等的词叫做副词；1. 形容词常修饰其它的
31、名词或用在 be 动词之后,例如： a clever boy. She is beautiful. 2. 副词一般是在形容词的词尾加-ly ,以辅音 +y 结尾的把 y 变 i-ly ,例如：loud loudly, quietquietly, quickquickly, slowslowly,happy 等；happilyThey live happily. The bus goes quickly. The students sit quietly. 3. 比较级和最高级,例如：I am taller than you. My apple is bigger than yours. Whi
32、ch is heavier, a ping-pong ball or a soccer ball. Which color do you like best, red, yellow or white. 即学即练：用所给单词的形式填空；1. Sit _quiet, please. 2. She laughs _ loud. 3. They are _happy. They live _ happy. 4. A bike goes _ slow. A bus goes _ quick. 5.-Which color do you like better, blue or red. -I like
33、 blue _, good but I like white _good. 八、 There be 结构的用法用法口诀 ：1. there be句型有特点 , 主语放在 be 后边; 2. 多个主语并列时 , be 随最近主语变 ; 3. 变疑问很简洁 , 把 be 提到 there前；4. 变否定也不难 , be 的后面 not 添；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载5. 确定句中用 some, 疑问、否定 any 换；6. There be在主语前 ,have/has在主语后；There be
34、表存在 , have/has表全部；口诀用法详解：1. There is a book on the desk. 此句中 a book 是主语2. There are two rulers and a pen in the pencil-case. 此句主语有两个 two rulers 和 a pen, be动 词用单数仍是复数取决于离 be 动词近的主语,此句中为 two rulers,故 be 动词要用 are. 3. 变一般疑问句,只需把is/are 提到 there前面,例如：There is an apple on the plate. Is there an apple on th
35、e plate. 4. 变否定句在 is/are 后面加 not 或缩写成 isn t 或 aren t；例如：There are two oranges on the table.There aren two oranges on the table. 5. 肯定留意确定句用 some,否定句和用 any,例如：There is some water in the cup. There isn t any water in the cup. There are some erasers in the desk. Are there any erasers in the desk. 6. th
36、ere be和 have区分, there be表示“ 客观存在” 用在主语前面,have表示人“ 拥有” ,用在主语后面,千万别张冠李戴显现 there have/has！例如：There is a pen on the book. I have a pen. There has a pen. 即学即练：翻译以下句子；1. 有一本书在桌子上；2. 有一些钢笔在我的书包里；3. 我有一件新上衣；按要求改写以下句子；_. _. _. 4. There is some milk in the cup. 变为一般疑问句 _. 5. There are some toys. 改为否定句 _. 6. H
37、e has a new schoolbag. 改为一般疑问句 _. 7. They have a lot of friends. 改为否定句 _. 圈出错误部分并把在横线上改正；8. There are some water in the bottle. _ 9. There has a ruler on the floor. _. 10. I don t have some money. _. 九、陈述句的故事；Hello, boys and girls. 大家都知道, 陈述句家族的职责是用来表达一个事实；其特点是句 末用句号 . ,朗读时通常用降调 ； 陈述句家族中有 两兄弟 ：老大是确定
38、句,老二是 否定句；1. 老大确定句,对人对事都持有确定的态度,常说的三句话是：. I am Tom. 系动词 be 型. I like playing football. 实义动词型. I can cook the meals. 情态动词型2. 老二否定句,对人对事总是持有否定的态度,和大哥确定句唱反调；老二常把大哥的话 加上 不字,不信,请听：. I am not Tom. . I dont like playing football. ；. I can t cook the meals. 即学即练：改错；1 I m is a student. _. 2 He is goes to sch
39、ool at 7:00. 3 I can playing football. 4. They has two brothers. _. _. _. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载十、一般疑问句1. 概念：能用 yes / no或相当于 yes / no回答的问句叫一般疑问句；2. 含系动词 be 的一般疑问句的构成 详细地说,就是当陈述句中有 am /is / are时,可直接将它们提至主语前,但如遇第一人称,最好将其置换成其次人称；例如：Im in Class 2, Grade 1. -Ar
40、e you in Class 2, Grade 1. -Yes, I am. /No, I am not. 3. 含情态动词的一般疑问句的构成情态动词与 am / is / are一样,也可直接将它们提至主语前,例如：I can spell it. -Can you spell it. -Yes, I can. / No, I can t. do；例如：4. 含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成略微有点讲究,要在句首加They like English.- Do they like English. -Yes, they do. / No, they don t. 如逢主语
41、为第三人称单数,谓语动词为一般现在时单数第三人称形式v-es时,奉does为座上宾并要变回原形 如 hashave,likes like等；He likes English. - Does he like English. -Yes, he does. / No, he doesn t. He has a pen. -Does he have a pen. -Yes, he does. / No, he doesn5. 小插曲：一般疑问句的语调大部分的一般疑问句都应读作升调 Is it a Chinese car. ,并落在最终一个单词身上；例如：即学即练：把以下句子变成一般疑问句；1. It is a red apple. 2. She is from the