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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高考英语完形填空精析精练说明文 完形填空解题指导与训练【考点定位】2022 考纲解读和近几年考点分布说明文在完形填空中所占的比例不大,但是由于其能很好地考查考生对人、事或物的表达才能,所以在高考完形填空中也常有显现；说明文文体的完形填空难度一般低于阅读懂得；在设空方而充分表达了对考生学问运用的要求 :以实词为主,对名词、动词、形容词和副词等的考查比例约占 90%,绝人多数题目的解答都要从全文的角度进行判定,这一命题思路表达了“ 语篇意识” ；说明文文体的完形填空一般用言简意赅的文字,依据肯定的方法 介绍事物,说明事理,其最显著的特点是 :开头点
2、题,结构条理；考生做题的关键在于理清文章结构,把握全文大意；常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍（传记）、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法（步骤）介绍,产品说明、试验报告、科普小品、读书报告和新闻报 道等；这类文章主要有以下几个特点：1. 内容的客观性；说明文客观地说明、介绍、说明或报道客观的人物、事物或发生的现象,使 读者猎取肯定的信息或学问,语言直白,没有主观的评论或情感的抒发；2. 篇章的条理性；说明文层次分明,脉落清晰,有条有理；有的按空间次序进行说明,有的按 时间次序进行说明,有的按因果关系进行说明, 有的按先主后次的次序进行说明,有的先概述后举例,有的先举例后概述,也有的按事情的规律
3、关系绽开（如：解 析为什么,如何做等方面的问题） ,等等；3. 语言的淳朴性；说明文的目的是让读者猎取信息,明白事理,因此,文章的作者会用淳朴、易懂和精确的语言或使用数据进行说明,不浮夸,不加描述和谈论；【考点 pk】解题技巧名师考点透析要保证答题的速度和效率,可采纳以下解题技巧：1. 依据上下文的词语示意来挑选；找到上下文的相关信息, 特殊是有示意性的词语, 就简单找到正确的选项了；2. 依据上下文的行文规律来挑选；短文是由有肯定规律关系的句子组成的,任何一句话都不是孤立存在的, 而是要靠上下文作依靠, 相互之间存在肯定的联系； 只要我们把握好了空格上下文 的行文规律,再活用所学语言学问,就
4、能选出正确答案；3. 依据文化背景和生活常识来挑选；有时,从前所积存的文化背景学问和生活常识有利于正确解答完形填空题；4. 紧扣上下文,巧用排除法；有时,很难从正面确定答案, 特殊是答案碰巧是一个你不熟悉的单词,而其 他三个选项你都熟悉的时候,紧扣上下文,巧用排除法往往会给你惊喜；当然,有时一个技巧可以解一题,有时解一题需用到多个技巧和多项学问,而有时单凭语感就能找到答案；不管怎样, 不断积存语言学问, 丰富文化背景知识,提高快速阅读,特殊是跳读的才能,借鉴上述解题方法加以多练,并不断进名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
5、 - 行反思和总结,就肯定会享受到解题的成功感；【精选试题】精析精练（合肥市 2022 年高三第一次教学质量检测）When your kids were six or seven, you sent them to school. Did you ever wonder what goes through a teachers 36 as he or she tries to teach your kids. Did you ever wonder what the teacher 37 from you, the parents. Parents can be 38 or suspiciou
6、s. They can be of great help to the teacher 39 be in need of help themselves. Some teachers think parents are too 40 on their children. Here is 41 one teacher puts it. 42 of parents coming in and 43 me how much they care I usually have the about the kids education and how they really 44 their kids.
7、They tell me they stand and 45 them closely when they do their homework. Sometimes they 46 offer help with the kids lessons as if they were teachers. They check their school work, and are too sensitive to 47 . They blame the kids on everything having to do 48 school. When a parent asks me how his or
8、 her kid is getting on in my class, my answer usually is Well, you know, he is 49 a good kid. He is fine in my class. Maybe you don t have to be so 50 with your kids. Teachers want parents to know that they are professionals at 51 with children. They have 52 many children and even parents. Because o
9、f this, teachers can be 53 at educating children. Teachers are 54 that parents want their children to do well, but they know more about what children should be able to do at different ages and 55 . 36. A. heart B. mind C. soul D. spirit 37. A. reflects B. results C. benefits D. expects 38. A. effect
10、ive B. attentive C. supportive D. positive 39. A. but B. or C. thus D. as 40. A. hard B. keen C. dependent D. crazy 41. A. where B. how C. when D. why 42. A. problems B. contracts C. accidents D. agreements 43. A. advising B. examining C. telling D. instructing 44. A. help with B. deal with C. make
11、up D. give up D. 45. A. connect B. guide C. watch inspire 46. A.even B. already C. still D. merely 47. A.marks B. efforts C. pains D. words 48. A.at B. beyond C. in D. with 49. A.nearly B. really C. seldom D. hardly 50. A.satisfied B. careful C. strict D. cautious 51. A.working B. playing C. staying
12、 D. joking 52. A.fed B. observed C. attended D. greeted 53. A.pleased B. worried C. disappointed D. experienced 54. A.content B. doubtful C. aware D. suspicious 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 55. A.stages B. classes C. schools D. projects 【文章大意】家长对自己刚刚上学的孩子抱有很大的期望,因此对孩子特别关注
13、,但是老师究竟是训练孩子的专家,他们对孩子的训练是很专业的,所以家长不必担忧自己的孩子在学校的学习情形；36B 依据语境“ 你是否想知道老师脑子里想的是什么“ 头脑” ；.” 可知 B 项正确； Mind37D“ 你是否想知道老师对你们的期盼 .“ expect” 期望,希望” ,符合语境；reffect “ 反射,反映,深思” ；result“ 发生,产生” ；benefit“ 得益于,得利于” ；38c 家长可能会很支持老师,也可能怀疑老师的才能；Supportive“ 支持的,给予帮助的”；46A 此处用 even,意义更进一步,更加形象地表示家长对孩子的关怀；语意“ 有时他们甚至为孩子
14、供应功课上的帮忙,似乎他们是老师一样”；47A 文中讲的是家长对自己的孩子的关怀；家长对孩子的关怀无非是孩子的成 长和学习成果,因此此处应当用 marks“ 成果,分数” ；48D 他们就与学业有关的一切批评孩子；用法,表示“ 关于,与 有关”；behave to do with sbsth 是固定49B 依据语境可知老师此处对孩子是确定的,故用 really“ 真正 地,的确地” ；50C be strict with“ 对 严格” ,是固定搭配,此处与前面其次段的倒数其次句照料；51A 句中提到“ 老师想让家长知道老师在训练孩子方面是专家”,work 在此能够表达出老师跟孩子一起,训练孩子
15、这层含义；52B observe“ 观看,观测” ；语意为“ 老师们已经观看过很多同学甚至家长”,从下面一句可知答案；53D 老师在训练孩子方面是很有体会的,是固定搭配；其余选项不合题意；be experienced at“ 对 有体会” ,54C aware“ 意识到” ；老师们意识到家长想让孩子做好；Content“ 满意的” ；doubtful“ 可疑的,不确定的”；suspicious“ 怀疑的” ；55A 语意为“ 老师们知道在不同的年龄和阶段孩子们应当能够做的事情”“ 阶段,时期” ,符合题意；Stage（福建省龙岩市 2022 届高三第一次质量检查）名师归纳总结 - - - -
16、- - -第 3 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The job of raising children is a tough one. Children dont come with an instruction manual说明书 . And each child is 36 . So parents sometimes pull their hair out in frustration挫折 ,not 37 what to do. But in raising childrenas in all of lifewhat we do is 38 by ou
17、r culture. Naturally then, American parents teach their children basic American 39 . To Americans, the goal of parents is to help children 40 on their own two feet. From 41 , each child may get his or her own room. As children grow, they get more 42 to make their own choices. 43 choose their own for
18、ms of entertainment, as well as the friends to 44 them with. When they 45 young adulthood, they choose their own jobs and marriage 46 . Of course, many young adults still 47 their parents advice and approval for the choices they make. But once they “ leave the 48 ” at around 18 to 21 years old, they
19、 want to be on their own, not “49 to their mother apron strings 围裙带 . The relationship between parents and children in America is very informal. American parents try to 50 their children as individualsnot as extensions of themselves. They allow them to achieve their own 51 . Americans praise and enc
20、ourage their children to give them the 52 to succeed. When children become adults, their relationship with their parents becomes more like aan 53 among equals. But 54 to popular belief, most adult Americans dont make their parents pay for room and board when they come to parents. 55 . Even as adult,
21、 they respect and honor their 36. A. strange B. different C. new D . u n l i k e 37. A. noticing B. remembering C. knowing D. deciding 38. A. influenced B. made C. controlled D. changed 39. A. services B. standards C. rules D. values 40. A. sit B. get C. stand D. rise 41. A. adulthood B. girlhood C.
22、 boyhood D. childhood 42. A. freedom B. space C. time D. money 43. A. Adults B. Teenagers C. Americans D. Parents 44. A. help B. join C. share D. provide 45. A. gain B. pass C. become D. reach 46. A. wives B. partners C. husbands D. couples 47. A. seek B. invite C. try D. choose 48. A. room B. house
23、 C. nest D. place 49. A. connected B. held C. stuck D. tied 50. A. serve B. treat C. describe D. recognize 51. A. jobs B. plans C. dreams D. hopes 52. A. dependence B. trust C. belief D. confidence 53. A. friendship B. companion C. membership D. association 54. A. known B. similar C. contrary D. due
24、 55. A. travel B. visit C. see D. live 【解题导语】 人生最难之事莫过于哺育子女, 本文将告知我们美国家庭是如何来教养孩子的；36B 语意表示 ”每个孩子又都各不相同 ”,所以用 different；37C 从上下文可知,由于没有如何养孩子的说明书,有时候家长不知道名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - know该怎么办；38A 但哺育孩子很大程度上受到文化的影响influence；make 表示 “使得,做”,control 表示“掌握”,change表示 “转变 ”,都与语境不符
25、合；39D 结合 38 题知,自然地,美国父母教给孩子的是一些基本的美国价值 观values,而不行能是 service “服务 ”,standard “标准”和 rule “法规 ”,据此选 D 项；one40c 对于美国人而言, 父母哺育孩子的目的在于帮忙孩子独立,用 stand on s own feel表示 “独立,独立 ”的含义,属于固定表达；41D 依据上下文语意知,从孩提时childhood开头,美国小孩就有自己的房间了； B 和 C 项都是片面的,由于小孩有男有女；A 项就表示成年,不符合语 意；所以选 D 项；42A 结合上文提到的 standon their own two
26、 feet可知,此处表示 “随着孩子渐渐长大,他们有更多的自由（fredom做出自己的挑选 ”；43B 上文提到 As children grow,这里应当是讲青少年 teenagers,他们 能够挑选自己的消遣方式,挑选跟自己共享 share的伴侣了；44C 参看第 43 题解析；help 表示“帮忙 ”,join 表示 “加入”,provide 表示 “提 供”,都与语境不符合；45D 从常识判定,当孩子们从青少年时期进入 能自由地选reach成年期的时候,他们其次节：完形填空 共 20 小题；每道题 1.5 分,满分 30 分 阅读下面短文,把握其大意,从每题所给的 正确选 项,并在答题
27、卡上将该项涂黑；A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出Nowadays the whole world are worrying about a danger global warming In fact this began a long time agoYet,not all of us seem to realize itOne day around 30 years ago,the nine million citizens of London heard sirensa loud noise of warning made by a special machineall over the
28、名师归纳总结 town Emergency servicesthe 36 ,the police,doctors 第 5 页,共 21 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - and nurses 37 by, ready to go into actionIn railway and underground stations,people read posters and 38 ,telling th em where to go and 39 to do in the emergencyThis was Exercise FloodcallLondon
29、 wasnt flooded yetBut it is 40 that it will he In 1236 and 1663 London was 41 floodedIn 1928,unluckily ,quite a 42 people living in Westminster,the heart of London,43 in floodsAnd in 1953,100 people living on the eastern 44 the London suburbs,were killed again in the floodsAt last,the Great London C
30、ouncil市政厅 ,is taking actions to 45 this disaster happening againBut the flood 46 were not built until 1980sAnd in the 47 ,Londoners must be 48 When it happens50 underground stations will be underwaterElectricity ,gas and phone services will be out of action49 will be impassableIt will be impossible
31、to 50 any of the bridges between North and South London51 London will look like Venice But Exercise Floodcall didnt cause 52 among LondonersMost people knew it was just a 53 One comment from a lady who was 54 along the Embankment when the sirens sounded was“ Its a flood warning,isnt it. The water do
32、esnt look 55 to me”36Asoldiers Bfiremen Cengineers Drepairmen 37Ahurried Bwent Cwatched Dstood 38Abooks Bmagazines Cmaps Ddictionaries 39A what Bhow Cwhy Dwhich 40Abelievable Btrue Cnatural Dpossible 41Aeasily Bheavily Cstrongly Dpoorly 42Amany Bfew Clots Dplenty 43Aescaped Bkilled Csurvived Ddrowne
33、d 44Aedge Barea Cpart Ddistrict 45Aresist Bkeep Cprevent Dobject 46Awalls Bchannel Cshelter Dfence 47Afuture Bpast Cmeantime Dend 48Adelighted Bprepared Cfrightened Dencouraged 49ARoads BPower CMessages DTraffic 50Asee Bpass Cbuild Dcross 51AGuess BRemember CConsider DImagine 52Apanic Battention Cno
34、tice Dcare 53Adesign Bplan Cwarning Djoke 54Aliving Bwalking Cworking Dstudying 55Adeep Bhigh Cshallow Dwide （北京市西城区 5 月抽样测试高三英语试卷）【解题导语】本文叙述了全球越来越多的人所关注的问题全球气候变暖不是近年才有的,而是由来已久的；36. A【解析】依据前文括写内的内容可以推断出此处选 A；37. D【解析】由后文的 “ ready to go into action可以推断出此处选 D；此题稍难；38. C【解析】依据后文的“where to go可知此处选 C,；名师
35、归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 39. A【解析】疑问词 +动词不定式结构中,疑问词做不定式的规律宾语,指物,应选 A；40. D【解析】此两句意思是：伦敦仍没有发洪水,但是将来可能会,应选 D；41. B【解析】所填词修饰flooded,用副词,意思是 :严峻的,应选 B, 42. A【解析】句意为 :有相当多的人住在威斯敏斯特；应选 A；43. D【解析】依据空后的“in flood 可知此处选 D；此题稍难；44. A【解析】由后文的“the London suburbs可以推断出此处选 A；此题稍难；45.C
36、【解析】依据后文的 happening again 可知所填词构成 prevent sb/sth from doing sth句型,应选 C；46. A【解析】句意为：但是防水墙直到 20 世纪 80 岁月才建成；应选 A；47.C【解析】 in the meantime同时,应选 C；48. A【解析】句意为 :伦敦人必需做好预备；应选 A；49. A【解析】依据本句中 impassible不能通过的 的意思可知此处选 A；50. D【解析】由本句中的 bridge 可以推断出此处选 D；51. D【解析】破折写表示说明,后一句是作者的想象,故此处选 D,此题稍难；52. A【解析】本句意思
37、是 :这次防洪演习没有造成恐慌；应选 A；木题稍难；53. C【解析】依据后文的“54. B【解析】依据空后的Its a flood warning,isnt it” 可知此处选 C,；along沿着可知此处选 B；55. B【解析】由前文的 flood 可知此处选 B；To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your students, you must be 1speaking, with
38、a good, strong, voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to clear. what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning 45a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit still before his class; he the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his 6,hands and fingers
39、to help him in his explanations, and his face to express his 7 .Listen to him, and you will 8 the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always 9 according to what he is talking about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesnt 10that he will indeed be
40、 able to act well on the stage, for there are very important 11 between the teachers work and the actors. The 12 has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the 13 words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are us
41、ually 14 beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem 15 on the stage.A good teacher 16 in quite a different way. His students take an active part in his 17 :they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they dont 18 something, they will say no
42、. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his students, which is in his class. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must 19it as he goes along. 20in class but unable to I have known many teachers who were fine take part in a stage play because their brains wouldnt keep discipline
43、: they could not keep strictly to what another had written. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. A. clear B. slow C. small D. low 2. A. frightening B. fearing C. exciting D. pleasing 3. A. act out B. talk C. say D. repeat 4. A. Listen B. Look C. Watch D. Learn 5. A. stands B.
44、sits C. lies D. talks 6 A. tongue B. words C. legs D. arms 7. A. attention B. thanks C. feelings D. sentences 8. A. hear B. see C. think D. guess 9. A. making B. changing C. expressing D. giving 10. A. tell B. express C. show D. mean 11. A. things B. differences C. points D. jobs 12. A. actor B. teacher C. boy D. student 13. A. different B. same