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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高考英语完形填空精析精练谈论文 完形填空解题指导与训练【考点定位】2022 考纲解读和近几年考点分布近年来,高考中完形填空显现单纯谈论文的文章并不多见,缘由是谈论文比较抽象,与考生的认知水平不太接近,因此显现的概率很小；但是高考在改革,其体裁也会朝着这个方向靠近；例如2007 年的山东高考的完形填空试题就打破了以往的文体模式,以谈论文代替夹叙夹议文体；谈论文是一种通过剖析事物或论述事理来提出主见或发表见解的文体；谈论文分为两种,一种是夹叙夹议型,另一种是纯谈论型；夹叙夹议型完形 填空的基本模式是：作者第一表达一件事,然后就此提出自己的见解或由此
2、 事引出一个深刻的社会问题；纯谈论型完形填空的基本模式是：提出论点,列举论据,提出看法；谈论型完形填空有以下特点：1、首句制胜,论点明确谈论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句；出论点,然后在各段的首句提出分论点；2、结构清晰,脉络有序作者一般在文章的首段提谈论文的三要素为论点、论据和论证； 论点和论据形成一体,相互印证；有时作者为了使文章脉络清晰,行文流畅,会使用一些连接词,如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally speaking, worse still, on the other hand, in conclusion, as
3、a consequence 等；3、按肯定的方法论证谈论型完形填空中的论点都是按肯定的方法来论证的；常用的论证方法有：归纳法（分析个别事物,进而推断出这类事物的共同点,得出结论）；推理法（从原理动身,个别分析说明,得出结论）；对比法（正反对比,先分析说明,后得出结论）；驳论法（阐述错误观点,逐条批驳,阐明观点）；【考点 pk】名师考点透析谈论型完形填空的应试技巧1、叙议有机结合 对于夹叙夹议型的完形填空要把叙和议有机地结合起来；有的考生没有留意到这一点,他们只顾选某一部分的答案,而没有留意到大事与论点之间 的关系；2 、遵循狠抓首句原就 对于谈论型完形填空,在把握全文主旨的情形下抓住每段的首句
4、是做好试题的关键； 一项调查说明, 英语中 60%到 90%的谈论文的主旨句都是段落 的首句；抓住了每段的首句,再懂得文章就简洁多了；3、 理清文章的论点、论据和结论 谈论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比,略微难了一些；一般来说,记 叙文是按时间的先后次序进行描述的,我们只要把握大事发生和进展的过 程,就能将文章脉络把握好；然而谈论型完形填空就不那么简洁了,假如我们不清晰文章的论点、论据和结论, 就只能莽撞地答题了,其结果可想而知；所以理清文章的论点、论据和结论是做好谈论型完形填空的关键；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
5、 - 【精选试题】精析精练A loving person lives in a loving worldA hostile （敌意的）person lives in a hostile worldEveryone you meet is your mirrorMirrors have a very particular 36 They reflect the image in front of themJust as a 37 mirror works as the vehicle to reflection, 38 do all of the people in our livesWhen
6、we see something beautiful such as a flower garden, that garden 39 a reflection When we love someone, its a（n）40 of loving ourselvesWe have often heard things like I love how I am when Im with that person That simply 41 into Im able to love me when I love that other person 42 , when we meet someone
7、new, we feel as though we clickSometimes its as if weve 43 each other for a long timeThat feeling can come from 44 similaritiesJust as the mirror or other person can be a positive reflection, it is more likely that well 名师归纳总结 45 it when it has a negative connotation（内涵）46 its easy to 第 2 页,共 20 页re
8、member times when we have met someone were not particularly 47 aboutWe may have some criticism （批判） in our mind about the 48 This is especially true when we get to know someone with whom we would rather spend 49 timeOftentimes, when we 50 qualities in other people, ironically （讽刺地） , its usually the
9、 mirror thats 51 to usAt times we meet someone 52 and feel distant, disconnected, or disgusted53 we dont want to believe it, and its not easy or 54 to look further, it can be a great learning lesson to 55 what part of the person is being reflected in you Its simply just another way to create more se
10、lf-awareness（福建省厦门市2022 届高三年级上学期质量检查）36Atarget Bstyle Cfunction Dcolor 37Amedical Bphysical Cchemical Dmental 38Aso Bthen Cnor Dneither 39Afocuses on Bapplies to Cworks with Dserves as 40Areward Bevaluation Creflection Dexample 41Agrows Btranslates Centers Dfalls 42AObviously BStrangely CFortunately
11、 DFrequently 43Aknown Bsupported Cobserved Drecognized 44Acreating Blacking Csharing Dcomparing 45Aignore Bkeep Ctake Dnotice 46AIn brief BIn addition CFor example DAs usual 47Acrazy Banxious Cupset Dconcerned 48Atime Bmirror Cgarden Dperson 49Aless Bamazing Cmore Dvaluable 50Aappreciate Bdislike Cd
12、escribe Ddiscover 51Ashouting Bshining Cspeaking Dpointing 52Anew Bnervous Cfamiliar Dfriendly 53AIf BAlthough CSince DOnce - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 54Aterrible Bnoble Creliable Ddesirable 55Afigure out Btake out Cput out Dgive out 【文章大意】布满爱意的人生活在布满爱意的世界里,布满敌意的人就生活在布满敌意的世界里；你所遇到的每一个人都是你
13、的镜子；36C 由下一句可知,本句是说镜子具有特殊的功能或作用,能；因此挑选 function功37B 就像人们可以从有形的镜子中看到自己,自己； physical 有形的；生活中的全部人也同样可以反映38A 本句是把我们生活中的人比作镜子,由于前面的句子是确定形式,因此选择 so,表 示46C 作者是用详细的事例来说明本段的中心,因此挑选 C；47A 我们很简洁就能记住我们遇到自己不太喜爱的人的时刻；be not crazy about 不喜爱48D 我们可能在心里对那个人有些反感；喜爱的人；the person指上文提到的那个我们不49A 当我们熟悉自己不喜爱与之相处的人时,这种情形就更为
14、明显；想与他们相处更短的时间,即不喜爱与他们相处,因此less符合题意；50B 本文从两个方面阐述镜子的作用,第三段是积极的反映,第四、五段是消 极的反映,因此挑选 dislike；51c 我们不喜爱别人身上的品性,这也是镜子的作用；说,符合语意；speak t0 sb 对某人诉52A 依据下文的 feel distant,disconnected,or可知这里是指我们遇到陌 生人,因此挑选 new；遇到友好的人不会有距离感,因此 D 项不符合语意；53B 尽管我们不想去信任,不简洁也不想去深究,但是弄清晰这个人的哪些特 质在自己身上有所表达是特别重要的一课；因此挑选 Although,引导让
15、步状语从句；54D 依据前面的 not,easy可知深究这个问题是不简洁的或者有时也不愿去深 究,因此挑选 desirable 更为贴切；55A 弄清晰这个人的哪些特质在自己身上有所表达是特别重要的一课,择 figure out；弄清；因此选One day, not too long ago, the employees of a large company in St. Louis, Missouri returned from their lunch break and were greeted with a sign on the front door. The sign said, “
16、 Yesterday the person who had been hindering阻碍 your 1 in this 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - company passed away. We 2 you to join the funeral in the room that has been 3 in the gym.” At first everyone was sad to 4 that one of their colleagues had died, 5 after a while they
17、 started getting 6 about who this person might be. The excitement 7 as the employees arrived at the gym to pay their last 8 . Everyone wondered, “ Who is th is person that was hindering my growth. ”Well, 9 hes no longer here.One by one the 10 got closer to the coffin棺材 and when they looked inside it
18、, they 11 became speechless. They stood over the coffin, 12 i nto silence, as if someone had 13 the deepest part of their soul. There was a mirror inside the coffineveryone who looked inside it could see himself. There was also a 14 next to the mirror that 15 , “ There is only one person who is capa
19、ble to 16 limits to your growth: it is YOU.”You are the only person who can revolutionize 变革 your 17 . You are the only person who can 18 your happiness, realization and success. You are the only person who can help yourself. Your life does not change when others change. Your life changes when YOU c
20、hange, when you go 19 your limiting beliefs and when you realize that you are the only one 20 for your life. 1Aperformance Bprogress Cprogram Dprocess 2Ademand Ballow Cinvite Dadvise 3Astarted Bprepared Copened Dheld 4Alearn Baccept Crealize Dfind 5Afor Band Cso Dbut 6Aridiculous Bobvious Ccurious D
21、nervous 7Agrew Bappeared Cimproved Ddeveloped 8Aadmirations Battentions Cappreciations Drespects 9Aat least Bat last Cat present Dat once 10Aemployees Bmanagers Cfriends Dcitizens 11Aquickly Bfinally Cobviously Dsuddenly 12Aupset Bdepressed Cshocked Dembarrassed 13Abroken Btouched Ctrembled Dremoved
22、 14Aletter Bsign Cmark Dsignal 15Atold Bwarned Cwrote Dread 16Aset Bmake Ctake D get 17Acareer Bluck Clife Dbusiness 18Aexchange Bsatisfy Cinfluence Dachieve 19Afor Bupon Cover Dbeyond 20Areliable Bresponsible Csuitable Dvaluable 【文章大意】 这是一篇谈论文, 主要论述了阻碍我们胜利、 进步的人就是我们自己,因此只有超越自己,我们才能在各个方面取得胜利；名师归纳总结
23、- - - - - - -第 4 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1B 【解析】考查名词辨析；由全文可知,这里要表达的意思是“阻碍你进步的人 ”,也可从第三段的 growth 得到提示；所以要用 program “节目 ”,process “进程 ”；progIess；performance “表现 ”,2C 【解析】考查动词辨析；invite sbto do sth邀请某人做某事；3B 【解析】考查动词辨析；在体育馆预备好举办葬礼,所以要用 prepare；4A 【解析】考查动词辨析； learn “得知,获悉 ”；句意为：得知同事去世了,大家都 很难过；5
24、D 【解析】考查规律关系判定；很明显“感到难过 ”和“感到奇怪 ”,两者间是转折关系,所以要用 but；该空要在完成下文的基础上完成；6C 【解析】考查形容词辨析； curious “奇怪的 ”；句意为：但是过了一会,大家对于死的这个人可能是谁都变得特别奇怪；ridiculous荒谬的 ”；obvious “明显的 ”；nervous “紧急的 ”；7A 【解析】考查语境化选词；上文提到,大家想知道阻碍自己进步的人是谁,而现在立刻就要知道了,所以兴奋增加了；grow 在这里意为 “增强”,表示程度上的增加； appear“显现 ”；improve “提高”；develop “进展 ”；此题稍难
25、；8D 【解析】考查名词辨析；很明显,这里要表达的是：向遗体辞别,表达最终的敬意；respectspl敬意； admiration “仰慕 ”；attention留意 ”；appreclation感谢”；【解析】考查名词辨析；sign “牌子 ”；句意为：镜子旁边仍有一个牌子,上面写 着一句话： 只有一个人能限制你的成长, 那就是你自己； mark 标志,signal 信号；15D 【解析】动词辨析； read在这里表示 “写明,写着 ”；此题稍难；16A 【解析】考查固定搭配；set limits to sth相当于 limit ；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 20
26、 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 17C “ happiness ” “ realization” “ success”【解析】考查语境化选词；由下文的这里指的是生活, 即 life ；句意为： 你是唯独一个能转变你生活的人；此题稍难；18C 【解析】动词辨析； 这里说的仍是自己打算着自己的命运；结合全文和后面的三个宾语的搭配, 这里只能用 influence影响 ；而不能用 exchange交换 ；satisfy满足；achieve实现；此题稍难；19D 【解析】考杏介词辨析； beyond“超出 ”；上文说的是我们对自己的人生的重要作用,所以这里就得出了结论： 只有走出
27、对自己既定的看法,意识到自己是唯独一个对自己生活负责的人,才能真正得到转变；此题稍难；20B 【解析】考查形容词辨析； 这里是形容词作定语； 意思是：responsible for sth意思是：为 负责的； reliable 的”；牢靠的 ”；Suitable “适合 的”；valuable “有价值There are many ways of defining success.It is accurate to say that each of us has our own 36 of success,to the extent that each of us is 37 for sett
28、ing our own goals and 38 whether we have met these goals satisfactorily.Because each of us 39 unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments 40 to express these abilities,it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly. For some people,simply being able to live their lif
29、e 41 a minimum of misery and suffering is considered 42 .Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who 43 his sheep,enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of44 ,and who is respected because he does a good job of45 the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society.On the o
30、ther hand,it seems that 46 some people appear to be rich in 47possessions,many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when 48 their own goals of success.Because not all ventures can be successful,one should not set49 goals for achieving success,but if one has self-confiden
31、ce it would be unfortunate to set one s goals at too low a 50 of achievement. A wise counselor once said to a young man who was 51 frustration with his own professional success,“ You 52 set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling.Sometimes one can be very successful53 by ta
32、king a walk in the park,or riding the subway downtown,”the counselor 54 ,“ You have not really failed and spoilt your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful 名师归纳总结 at 55you really like,and to which you have given your best effort.”第 6 页,共 20 页36.A.ideaB.decisionC.conceptD.name 37.A hel
33、pfulB.chargedC.freeD.responsible 38.A.thinkingB.determiningC.knowingD.learning 39.A.haveB.takesC.showsD.possesses 40.A.whichB.in whichC.of whichD.from which 41.A.withB.atC.byD.on 42.A.successB.lifeC.a successD.progress 43.A.trendsB.tendsC.intendsD.tenders - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 44.A.n
34、atureB.environmentC.surroundingD.scenery 45.A.realizingB.achievingC.carrying outD.fulfilling 46.A.as though B.even that C.as if D.even though 47.A.spiritual B.mental C.ideal D.material 48.A.judged by B.supposed to C.depended on D.relied on 49.A.untrue B.unrealistic C.wrong D.false 50.A.condition B.s
35、ituation C.position D.standard 51.A.experiencing B.suffering C.feeling D.thinking 52.A.mustnt B.do not have to C.shouldnt D.cant 53.A.nearly B.mostly C.merely D.unique 54.A.concluded B.added C.summarized D.called 55.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything36.【解析】有很多方法说明什么是胜利；精确地说我们每一个人对胜利都有自己的概
36、念； idea “观点 ,想法 ” ;decision 打算” ;concept “概念 ” ;name“名字 ”；从前面的define 可知这里是给 success 下定义 ,应选 C 项；【答案】 C 37.【解析】 be responsible for “ 对 负责任” ；从肯定程度上说 都要为我们自己立的目标负责任；,我们每个人【答案】 D 38.【解析】 think“ 考虑”;determine“ 打算”;know“ 知道”;learn“ 学习 ,得知” ；这句话的意思是“ 我们每个人都要打算是否我们能中意地到达我们的目标” ；【答案】 B 39.【解析】由于我们每一个人都拥有特殊的
37、才能【答案】 D ,应选 possess（拥有）；40.【解析】这里 environment 后面跟着一个定语从句 ,意思是“ 在这个环境中来发挥这些才能” ；这句话的意思是 :“ 由于我们每一个人都拥有天生的才能和有利的环境来进展这些才能 ,因此我们应当给胜利从广义上下个定义；” 应选 in which；【答案】 B 41.【解析】对有些人来说 ,只要能够最小限度地遭受生活的痛楚就是胜利了；with a minimum of misery and suffering “ 最低限度地受罪” ；【答案】 A 42.【解析】前面说的是胜利的定义,故这里说“ 被认为是胜利的事情” ；a succes
38、s “ 一个胜利的人或一件胜利的事” ；【答案】 C 43.【解析】这里说的是牧羊人的事情 ,应选 tend；trend“ 趋向 ,倾向”;tend“ 照看 ,照管 ,易于”;intend“ 准备 ,想要”;tender“ 投标 ,供应” ； tend sheep “ 放羊” ；【答案】 B 44.【解析】牧羊人是在野外工作,当然观赏的是大自然的风光,应选nature；【答案】 A 45.【解析】 achieve the goals “ 实现目标” ；这句话的意思是 :“ 他（牧羊人）受人敬重是由于他做了一份能实现他目标的好工作 ,这份工作被他自己和社会所接受；”【答案】 B 名师归纳总结 -
39、 - - - - - -第 7 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 46.【解析】另一方面 ,似乎即使有些人似乎在物质方面很富有 ；这里与前面 说的牧羊人精神方面的胜利相对应, 应选 even though“ 即使” ；as though“ 似乎” ;as if “ 似乎” ；【答案】 D 47.【解析】 spiritual“ 精神的”;mental“ 心理的 ,精神的”;ideal“ 抱负的”;material“ 物质的” ； in material possessions“ 在物质方面的拥有” ；【答案】 D 48.【解析】很多人似乎很悲伤 ,当用“ 是否实现
40、了目标” 来判定时 ,认为自己不成 功；be judged by “ 用 判定”;be supposed to“ 应当 ,应当” ;depend on “ 依靠 ,依靠”;rely on “ 依靠 ,依靠” ；【答案】 A 49.【解析】并不是全部的项目都能胜利,因此一个人不应当树立不切实际的目标；untrue“ 不真实的”;unrealistic“ 不现实的”;false “ 假的” ；【答案】 B 50.【解析】但是假如一个人有信心 ,却把目标定到很低的水平也是很不幸的一件事； a low standard of achievement“ 低水平的实现目标” ；【答案】 D 51.【解析】
41、一个明智的律师曾经用自己的专业方面的胜利对一个遭受挫折的年,轻人说话； experience “ 经受 ,遭受”;suffer “ 受罪 ,生病” ；这里强调“ 经受”应选 A 项；【答案】 A 52.【解析】为了达到旅行的胜利 ,你不必定下非要到达月亮的目标；“ 不必非要 ” ；do not have to 【答案】 B 53.【解析】 nearly“ 几乎”;mostly“ 主要地 ,大多数”;merely“ 仅仅 ,只有”;unique“ 特殊的” ；有时候只在公园里散漫步你也能很胜利；【答案】 C 54.【解析】从下面话语的内容可知 ,这是对前面所说的话的补充 ,意思是“ 这位律师仍补充说” ； conclude “ 确