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1、高考英语完形填空精析精练说明文 完形填空解题指导与训练【考点定位】2011考纲解读和近几年考点分布说明文在完形填空中所占的比例不大，但是由于其能很好地考查考生对人、事或物的表达能力，所以在高考完形填空中也常有出现。说明文文体的完形填空难度一般低于阅读理解。在设空方而充分体现了对考生知识运用的要求 :以实词为主，对名词、动词、形容词和副词等的考查比例约占 90%，绝人多数题目的解答都要从全文的角度进行判断，这一命题思路体现了“语篇意识”。说明文文体的完形填空一般用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍事物，解释事理，其最显著的特点是:开头点题，结构条理。考生做题的关键在于理清文章结构，把握全文大意。
2、常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍（传记）、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法（步骤）介绍，产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告和新闻报道等。这类文章主要有以下几个特点：1. 内容的客观性。说明文客观地说明、介绍、解释或报道客观的人物、事物或发生的现象，使读者获取一定的信息或知识，语言直白，没有主观的评论或情感的抒发。2. 篇章的条理性。说明文层次分明，脉落清晰，有条有理。有的按空间顺序进行说明，有的按时间顺序进行说明，有的按因果关系进行说明， 有的按先主后次的顺序进行说明，有的先概述后举例，有的先举例后概述，也有的按事情的逻辑关系展开（如：解析为什么，如何做等方面的问题） ，等等。3. 语言
3、的朴实性。说明文的目的是让读者获取信息，明白事理，因此，文章的作者会用朴实、易懂和准确的语言或使用数据进行说明，不浮夸，不加描述和议论。【考点 pk】名师考点透析解题技巧要保证答题的速度和效率，可采用下列解题技巧：1. 根据上下文的词语暗示来选择。找到上下文的相关信息， 特别是有暗示性的词语， 就容易找到正确的选项了。2. 根据上下文的行文逻辑来选择。短文是由有一定逻辑关系的句子组成的，任何一句话都不是孤立存在的， 而是要靠上下文作依托， 相互之间存在一定的联系。 只要我们把握好了空格上下文的行文逻辑，再活用所学语言知识，就能选出正确答案。3. 根据文化背景和生活常识来选择。有时，先前所积累的
4、文化背景知识和生活常识有利于正确解答完形填空题。4. 紧扣上下文，巧用排除法。有时，很难从正面确定答案， 尤其是答案碰巧是一个你不认识的单词，而其他三个选项你都认识的时候，紧扣上下文，巧用排除法往往会给你惊喜。当然，有时一个技巧可以解一题，有时解一题需用到多个技巧和多项知识，而有时单凭语感就能找到答案。不管怎样， 不断积累语言知识， 丰富文化背景知识，提高快速阅读，特别是跳读的能力，借鉴上述解题方法加以多练，并不断进精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 21 页行反思和总结，就一定会享受到解题的成功感。【精选试题】精析精练（合
5、肥市 2010 年高三第一次教学质量检测）When your kids were six or seven, you sent them to school. Did you ever wonder what goes through a teachers 36 as he or she tries to teach your kids? Did you ever wonder what the teacher 37 from you, the parents? Parents can be 38 or suspicious. They can be of great help to the
6、teacher 39 be in need of help themselves. Some teachers think parents are too 40 on their children. Here is 41 one teacher puts it. I usually have the 42 of parents coming in and 43 me how much they care about the kids education and how they really 44 their kids. They tell me they stand and 45 them
7、closely when they do their homework. Sometimes they 46 offer help with the kids lessons as if they were teachers. They check their school work, and are too sensitive to 47 . They blame the kids on everything having to do 48 school. When a parent asks me how his or her kid is getting on in my class,
8、my answer usually is Well, you know, he is 49 a good kid. He is fine in my class. Maybe you don t have to be so 50 with your kids. Teachers want parents to know that they are professionals at 51 with children. They have 52 many children and even parents. Because of this, teachers can be 53 at educat
9、ing children. Teachers are 54 that parents want their children to do well, but they know more about what children should be able to do at different ages and 55 . 36. A. heart B. mind C. soul D. spirit 37. A. reflects B. results C. benefits D. expects 38. A. effective B. attentive C. supportive D. po
10、sitive 39. A. but B. or C. thus D. as 40. A. hard B. keen C. dependent D. crazy 41. A. where B. how C. when D. why 42. A. problems B. contracts C. accidents D. agreements 43. A. advising B. examining C. telling D. instructing 44. A. help with B. deal with C. make up D. give up 45. A. connect B. guid
11、e C. watch D. inspire 46. A.even B. already C. still D. merely 47. A.marks B. efforts C. pains D. words 48. A.at B. beyond C. in D. with 49. A.nearly B. really C. seldom D. hardly 50. A.satisfied B. careful C. strict D. cautious 51. A.working B. playing C. staying D. joking 52. A.fed B. observed C.
12、attended D. greeted 53. A.pleased B. worried C. disappointed D. experienced 54. A.content B. doubtful C. aware D. suspicious 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 21 页55. A.stages B. classes C. schools D. projects 【文章大意】家长对自己刚刚上学的孩子抱有很大的希望，因此对孩子非常关注，但是老师毕竟是教育孩子的专家，他们对孩子的教育是很专业的，所以家长不必
13、担心自己的孩子在学校的学习情况。36B 根据语境“你是否想知道老师脑子里想的是什么?”可知 B 项正确。 Mind“头脑” 。37D“你是否想知道老师对你们的期盼?“expect”期望，盼望”，符合语境。reffect “反射，反映，沉思”；result“发生，产生”；benefit“得益于，得利于”。38c 家长可能会很支持老师，也可能怀疑老师的能力。Supportive“支持的，给予帮助的”；46A 此处用 even，意义更进一步，更加形象地表示家长对孩子的关心。语意“有时他们甚至为孩子提供功课上的帮助，好像他们是老师一样”。47A 文中讲的是家长对自己的孩子的关心。家长对孩子的关心无非是
14、孩子的成长和学习成绩，因此此处应该用marks“成绩，分数”。48D 他们就与学业有关的一切责备孩子。behave to do with sbsth 是固定用法，表示“关于，与有关” 。49B 根据语境可知老师此处对孩子是肯定的，故用really“真正 地，确实地”。50C be strict with“对严格”，是固定搭配，此处与前面第二段的倒数第二句照应。51A 句中提到“老师想让家长知道老师在教育孩子方面是专家”，work 在此能够表达出老师跟孩子一起，教育孩子这层含义。52B observe “观察，观测”。语意为“老师们已经观察过很多学生甚至家长”，从下面一句可知答案。53D 老师在
15、教育孩子方面是很有经验的，be experienced at “对有经验”，是固定搭配。其余选项不合题意。54C aware “意识到”。老师们意识到家长想让孩子做好。Content“满足的”；doubtful“可疑的，不确定的”；suspicious “怀疑的”。55 A 语意为 “老师们知道在不同的年龄和阶段孩子们应该能够做的事情”。 Stage“阶段，时期”，符合题意。（福建省龙岩市 2010 届高三第一次质量检查）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 21 页The job of raising children is
16、 a tough one. Children dont come with an instruction manual(说明书). And each child is 36 . So parents sometimes pull their hair out in frustration(挫折 ),not 37 what to do. But in raising childrenas in all of lifewhat we do is 38 by our culture. Naturally then, American parents teach their children basi
17、c American 39 . To Americans, the goal of parents is to help children 40 on their own two feet. From 41 , each child may get his or her own room. As children grow, they get more 42 to make their own choices. 43 choose their own forms of entertainment, as well as the friends to 44 them with. When the
18、y 45 young adulthood, they choose their own jobs and marriage 46 . Of course, many young adults still 47 their parents advice and approval for the choices they make. But once they “leave the 48 ” at around 18 to 21 years old, they want to be on their own, not “ 49 to their mother s apron strings (围裙
19、带 ). The relationship between parents and children in America is very informal. American parents try to 50 their children as individualsnot as extensions of themselves. They allow them to achieve their own 51 . Americans praise and encourage their children to give them the 52 to succeed. When childr
20、en become adults, their relationship with their parents becomes more like a(an) 53 among equals. But 54 to popular belief, most adult Americans dont make their parents pay for room and board when they come to 55 . Even as adult, they respect and honor their parents. 36. A. strange B. different C. ne
21、w D .u n l i k e 37. A. noticing B. remembering C. knowing D. deciding 38. A. influenced B. made C. controlled D. changed 39. A. services B. standards C. rules D. values 40. A. sit B. get C. stand D. rise 41. A. adulthood B. girlhood C. boyhood D. childhood 42. A. freedom B. space C. time D. money 4
22、3. A. Adults B. Teenagers C. Americans D. Parents 44. A. help B. join C. share D. provide 45. A. gain B. pass C. become D. reach 46. A. wives B. partners C. husbands D. couples 47. A. seek B. invite C. try D. choose 48. A. room B. house C. nest D. place 49. A. connected B. held C. stuck D. tied 50.
23、A. serve B. treat C. describe D. recognize 51. A. jobs B. plans C. dreams D. hopes 52. A. dependence B. trust C. belief D. confidence 53. A. friendship B. companion C. membership D. association 54. A. known B. similar C. contrary D. due 55. A. travel B. visit C. see D. live 【解题导语】 人生最难之事莫过于养育子女， 本文将
24、告诉我们美国家庭是如何来教养孩子的。36B 语意表示 ” 每个孩子又都各不相同 ” ，所以用 different。37C 从上下文可知，由于没有如何养孩子的说明书，有时候家长不知道精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 21 页(know)该怎么办。38A 但养育孩子很大程度上受到文化的影响(influence)。make表示“ 使得，做” ，control 表示“ 控制” ，change表示“ 改变” ，都与语境不符合。39D 结合 38 题知，自然地，美国父母教给孩子的是一些基本的美国价值观(values)，而不可能是 se
25、rvice “服务” ，standard “标准” 和 rule “法规” ，据此选 D项。40 c 对于美国人而言， 父母养育孩子的目的在于帮助孩子自立，用 stand on ones own feel表示 “ 独立，自立 ” 的含义，属于固定表达。41D 根据上下文语意知，从孩提时(childhood)开始，美国小孩就有自己的房间了。B 和 C 项都是片面的，因为小孩有男有女；A 项则表示成年，不符合语意。所以选 D 项。42A 结合上文提到的 (stand)on their own two feet可知，此处表示 “ 随着孩子慢慢长大，他们有更多的自由（fredom)做出自己的选择 ”
26、。43B 上文提到 As children grow，这里应该是讲青少年 (teenagers) ，他们能够选择自己的娱乐方式，选择跟自己分享(share) 的朋友了。44 C 参看第 43题解析。help 表示“ 帮助” ， join 表示“ 加入” ， provide 表示“ 提供” ，都与语境不符合。45D 从常识判断，当孩子们从青少年时期进入(reach)成年期的时候，他们能自由地选第二节：完形填空 (共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Nowadays the w
27、hole world are worrying about a danger global warmingIn fact this began a long time ago Yet，not all of us seem to realize it One day around 30 years ago ，the nine million citizens of London heard sirens(a loud noise of warning made by a special machine)all over the town Emergency services the 36 ， t
28、he police， doctors 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 21 页and nurses 37 by，ready to go into actionIn railway and underground stations，people read posters and 38 ，telling th em where to go and 39 to do in the emergency This was Exercise Floodcall London wasnt flooded yet But it is 4
29、0 that it will he In 1236 and 1663 London was 41 floodedIn 1928，unluckily ，quite a 42 people living in Westminster，the heart of London ，43 in floodsAnd in 1953，100 people living on the eastern 44 the London suburbs，were killed again in the floodsAt last，the Great London Council(市政厅 )，is taking actio
30、ns to 45 this disaster happening again But the flood 46 were not built until 1980sAnd in the 47 ，Londoners must be 48 When it happens 50 underground stations will be underwaterElectricity，gas and phone services will be out of action49 will be impassableIt will be impossible to 50 any of the bridges
31、between North and South London51 London will look like Venice But Exercise Floodcall didnt cause 52 among Londoners Most people knew it was just a 53 One comment from a lady who was 54 along the Embankment when the sirens sounded was “Its a flood wa rning，isnt it? The water doesnt look 55 to me”36As
32、oldiers Bfiremen Cengineers Drepairmen 37Ahurried Bwent Cwatched Dstood 38Abooks Bmagazines Cmaps Ddictionaries 39A what Bhow Cwhy Dwhich 40Abelievable Btrue Cnatural Dpossible 41Aeasily Bheavily Cstrongly Dpoorly 42Amany Bfew Clots Dplenty 43Aescaped Bkilled Csurvived Ddrowned 44Aedge Barea Cpart D
33、district 45Aresist Bkeep Cprevent Dobject 46Awalls Bchannel Cshelter Dfence 47Afuture Bpast Cmeantime Dend 48Adelighted Bprepared Cfrightened Dencouraged 49ARoads BPower CMessages DTraffic 50Asee Bpass Cbuild Dcross 51AGuess BRemember CConsider DImagine 52Apanic Battention Cnotice Dcare 53Adesign Bp
34、lan Cwarning Djoke 54Aliving Bwalking Cworking Dstudying 55Adeep Bhigh Cshallow Dwide （北京市西城区 5 月抽样测试高三英语试卷）【解题导语】本文讲述了全球越来越多的人所关注的问题全球气候变暖不是近年才有的，而是由来已久的。36. A【解析】根据前文括写内的内容可以推断出此处选A。37. D【解析】由后文的 “ready to go into action可以推断出此处选D。本题稍难。38. C【解析】根据后文的“ where to go可知此处选 C,。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师
35、归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 21 页39. A【解析】疑问词 +动词不定式结构中，疑问词做不定式的逻辑宾语，指物，故选 A。40. D【解析】此两句意思是：伦敦还没有发洪水，但是将来可能会，故选D。41. B【解析】所填词修饰flooded，用副词，意思是 :严重的，故选 B, 42. A【解析】句意为 :有相当多的人住在威斯敏斯特。故选A。43. D【解析】根据空后的“ in flood可知此处选 D。本题稍难。44. A【解析】由后文的“ the London suburbs 可以推断出此处选A。本题稍难。45.C【解析】根据后文的happening again可知
36、所填词构成prevent sb/sth (from) doing sth句型，故选 C。46. A【解析】句意为：但是防水墙直到20 世纪 80 年代才建成。故选A。47.C【解析】 in the meantime同时，故选 C。48. A【解析】句意为 :伦敦人必须做好准备。故选A。49. A【解析】根据本句中impassible(不能通过的 )的意思可知此处选A。50. D【解析】由本句中的bridge 可以推断出此处选D。51. D【解析】破折写表示解释，后一句是作者的想象，故此处选D，本题稍难。52. A【解析】本句意思是 :这次防洪演习没有造成恐慌。故选A。木题稍难。53. C【解析
37、】根据后文的“ Its a flood warning,isnt it”可知此处选 C,。54. B【解析】根据空后的along(沿着)可知此处选 B。55. B【解析】由前文的flood 可知此处选 B。To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your students, you must be 1speaking, with a good, strong, voice which is fu
38、lly under your control; and you must be able to what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear. 4a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit still before his class; he 5the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his 6,hands and fingers to help him in his explanations,
39、and his face to express his 7.Listen to him, and you will 8the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always 9according to what he is talking about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesnt 10that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage, for
40、there are very important 11between the teachers work and the actors. The 12has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the 13words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually 14beforehand. What he has to do i
41、s to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem 15on the stage.A good teacher 16in quite a different way. His students take an active part in his 17:they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they dont 18something, they will say no. The teacher therefore has to suit his act
42、to the needs of his students, which is in his clas s. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must 19it as he goes along. I have known many teachers who were fine 20in class but unable to take part in a stage play because their brains wouldnt keep discipline: they could not keep strictly to what anot
43、her had written. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 21 页1. A. clear B. slow C. small D. low 2. A. frightening B. fearing C. exciting D. pleasing 3. A. act out B. talk C. say D. repeat 4. A. Listen B. Look C. Watch D. Learn 5. A. stands B. sits C. lies D. talks 6 A. tongue B. words
44、C. legs D. arms7. A. attention B. thanks C. feelings D. sentences 8. A. hear B. see C. think D. guess 9. A. making B. changing C. expressing D. giving 10. A. tell B. express C. show D. mean 11. A. things B. differences C. points D. jobs 12. A. actor B. teacher C. boy D. student 13. A. different B. s
45、ame C. above D. following 14. A. read B. known C. fixed D. written 15. A. natural B. bad C. false D. clear 16. A. is B. works C. has D. teaches 17. A. group B. party C. class D. play 18. A. give B. place C. obey D. hear 19. A. invent B. discover C. teach D. continue 20. A. learners B. watchers C. ac
46、tors D. listeners 1. A一个好教师首先要口齿清晰。 B 项意义不符 ,用 C、D 两项修饰 speaking 讲不通。2. Dclear, good, strong和 pleasing都是用来说明一位优秀的教师必备的条件。pleasing voice是“悦耳的声音” ,教师讲课要让学生听起来舒服,故用 exciting(激动的)3. A为了使意义表达得更清楚,教师必须能够把所教的东西表演出来(act out)。4. C观察一位优秀教师上课 ,你会发现他不是一动不动地坐在全班学生面前。首先,教师讲课的姿态是观察 (watch)才知道的；其次 ,从词性上看 ,listen, l
47、ook 一般不能直接带宾语； learn5. A用 stand和前面的 sit6. Darms, hands和 fingers 属于同一范畴。 教师通常用手、 臂和指头作手势来辅助教学。7. C在整个教学过程中 ,教师除了用手势 ,还通过面部表情来表达自己的思想感情。8. A听,9. B听他讲课 ,你会听到他那抑扬顿挫、 悦耳动听的声音总是随着他所讲的内容变化而变化。10. Dmean11. B在课堂上有表演天赋的好教师,并不意味着在舞台上就是想当然的好演员,12. A13. B14. C精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共
48、21 页15. A这里具体讲述演员工作和教师工作的区别: 演员必须背台词 ,每次他扮演某个角色时 ,他都得准确地重复同样的台词,甚至是他的舞台动作和说话方式都是事先固定下来的 ,他需要做的就是使这些认真背下来的台词在舞台上表演得自然16. B一位优秀教师的工作则完全不同。这里是把教师和演员相比,故用 works。如果选 D 项,用 teaches, 则是好教师和非好教师相比,意思为 :“好教师的教学方法与其他教师的教学方法不同。”17. C学生们以积极的态度听老师的课,他们提问、回答问题。这些活动当然应该是在课堂上。18. C前面已有提示词 obey19. A教师不可能把自己所教的内容都背下来
49、,他必须创造性地教学。这里进一步阐明演员的工作是事先设计好的,而教师的工作要随着情境变化的,要具有创造20. C许多教师在课堂上表演得很出色,但却不能参加舞台上的演出。While watching the Olympics the other night, I came across an incredible sight. The (1)was swimming and started with only three men. For one reason or another, two of them had a (2) start, so they were disqualified.
50、That would have been difficult enough, not having anyone to (3) against. I watched the man (4) off the blocks and knew immediately that something was wrong. Now Im not an expert (5) but I do know a good dive (6) a poor one, and this was not exactly medal (7) . I listened to the crowd begin to (8) th