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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全Module8 unit2 Reading 中学问点1.universaladj 普遍的,共通的,公认的,宇宙的；War causes universal misery. 战争造成了普遍的痛楚；Television provides universal entertainment ；电视供应了大众消遣；a universal rule 普遍适用的规章；2.star. vt. star in sth be a star in a play, film, etc. 在（戏剧,电影中）担任主角,主演She is to star in a n
2、ew film . 她将主演一部新影片；star sb. in sth 某人主演；present sb. As a star, feature sb.使某人担任主演, 由My favourite film stars Marilyn Monroe. 我最喜爱的电影由玛丽 梦露主演；The director wanted to star Michael Caine in his new film. 这位导演想让麦克尔；凯恩主演他的新片子；stardom n.明星或主演的位置,身份；3.cast vt. pt ,pp. cast give an actor a part in a play 由 主
3、演,使 成为明星,由 担任主角cast sb.as sb , cast sb. in sth He was cast as Othello/ in the role of Othello. 他将被选派担任奥赛罗这一角色；4.outdoor adj attr 作定语 of used in, done in or existing in the open airoutside a building or a house 户外的,户外用的,露天的outdoor activities 户外活动outdoor clothing 户外穿的衣服outdoor sport 户外运动outdoors adv.在
4、户外,在露天,在外面Indoor adj. Indoors adv. 5.be drunk with 醉心于 ,沉溺于 由于 而忘乎所以It reported that many middle school students are drunk with playing computer games. The young couple were drunk with their happy and peaceful life. 6.dare vi with or without to,1（用或不用to,）敢于,敢胆敢；He didn t dare to go I wonder how he d
5、ares to say such things. 名师归纳总结 I ve never dared to ask him第 1 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全2 Take the risk of, face ； 敢冒（危急）：面对；不惧 He will dare any danger. 他敢冒任何危急；3）dare sb to do sth. challenge; suggest that sb has not the courage or ability to do sth. 挑激,示意某人无士气或才能做某事；I dare
6、you to say that again. 我谅你也不敢再说这样的话；He dares me to jump from the bridge into the river. 他激将我从桥上跳到河 里；daring n 冒险精神,士气,英勇 lose ones daring 失去士气 adj. brave.英勇的；胆大的 a daring robbery.胆大的抢劫 What a daring thing to do. 这真是件有胆识的人做的事；7.exercise. vt. employ, make use of 应用,运用 exercise control over. 对 .实施 .掌握
7、,掌握 exercise patience 运用耐心 exercise authority over sb 对. 使用权威 exercise ones rights 行使权 利 8.break one s promise 食言,收回承诺；keep one s promise 遵守诺言；9.recite vt 背诵,朗诵；表达,描述,列举,一一说出；He recited his poem in front of the whole class. 他当着全班的面背诵了他自己的一首诗；The mayo recited to the Queen a long and tedious speech of
8、 welcome 市长向女王背诵了一篇又长又臭的欢迎词；recite ones grievances 描述某人的苦难；recite the names of all the capital cities of Europe 列举欧洲各国的首都的名字 使恐惧,使惊恐；10.terrify vt .pt,pp terrifiedfill with fear.The child was terrified of being left alone in the house. 那孩子由于一个人在家而感到可怕；She was terrified out of her wits. 她吓的魂不附体 What
9、a terrifying experience. 多可怕的一次经受！terrifyingadj terrifiedadj 11.torturevt. n cause severe suffering to 使受猛烈痛楚,磨练；Many of the prisoners have been tortured. 很多囚犯都被刑讯逼供过；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全Dont torture yourself by thinking those unpleasant things.别再想那些不开心的事情来磨练
10、你自己了；torture a man to make him confess sth. 拷打一个人使其招供 Recently he was tortured with great anxiety. 最近他为苦恼所苦；n.拷打,拷问,酷刑逼供； （精神或肉体上的）磨练,煎熬,痛楚 torture The confession was made under torture. 这份供词是严刑逼供得来的；A whole day without chocolate must be torture for you；一成天没有巧克力吃确定让你难过；12.stage. vt put on the stage,
11、 put before the public. To stage Hamlet 上演哈姆雷特This drama was well/badly staged 这剧本适合 /不适合上演；The group of students staged a drama written by themselves. 这群同学把自己写的戏剧搬上了舞台；13.condemn vt 1）say that sb is ,or has done, wrong or that sth is wrong, faulty of unfit for use 批评,责难,声讨 指摘,指 .为不当 condemn sb for
12、sth We all condemn cruelty to children 我们都一样声讨虐待儿童；Everyone condemned his foolish behaviour. 每个人都批评他愚蠢的行为；The newspapers condemned the Prime minister for his attitude toward the event.各报纸由于首相对此事的态度而责难他；2）legal give judgement against condemn sb to （法律）判罪；处刑condemn a murder to life imprisonment. 判凶手无期
13、徒刑be condemned to death被处死Sentences and phrases in the text.1.line 5 He likes East Asia very much and also wrote Madam Butterfly , which is set in Japan. 名师归纳总结 他特别喜爱东亚,仍创作了以日本为背景的蝴蝶夫人；第 3 页,共 9 页be set in 以 为背景 . The story was set in Britain of the 19th century. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
14、- 学问点大全这个故事以 19 世纪的英国为背景；2Line10 . Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City there could not be a better setting. 想想在紫禁城里上演这部戏剧吧- 不行能有比这更好的场景了！1 imagine doing sth. 想象做 2 there could not be a better setting. 不行能有比这更好的场景了！Eg. I could not agree more. 我特别同意你；You could not find a better
15、 friend than him. 伴侣了；（他是你能找到的最好的伴侣）你不能找到一个比他更好的3.line27 Turandot is desperate to learn his name and threatens and terrifies liu because she knows his name. 图兰朵不顾一切的想知道卡拉夫的名字,卡拉夫的名字；她威逼恐吓柳儿, 由于柳儿知道be desperate to do不顾一切的做 be dying/hungry/thirsty to do .4.line31. Then Calaf says his own name aloud, l
16、eaving his future in Turandots hands. 然后卡拉夫大声的说出了自己的名字,把自己的将来托付给图兰朵的手上；leave sth in ones hands 把 托付到某人的手上；Eg. We should leave our happiness in someone elses hands.5 line39 the production combined the very best of Western and Chinese talents in music ,tagging and directing. 这次演出结合了中西方最优秀的音乐,演艺及导演人才；C
17、ombine the very best of A ,B,and C 结合了 A,B,C 的优点6.line47. However, in this wonderful production, it has been transformed into the location for a beautiful and heartbreaking love story. 但是,在这次出色的演出中, 它变成了一个漂亮而令人心碎的故事的发生地；transform sth into sthchange the shape ,appearance, quality or nature of eg. Suc
18、cess and wealth transformed his character a caterpillar 毛虫 is transformed into a butterfly Grammar 中学问点1Privilege n. 特殊待遇,特权Education should be a universal right and not a privilege. 训练应当是全民的权益,而是某部分人特殊享有的；You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership. 你可以享有俱乐部成员的一切福利和优惠；名师归纳总结 pr
19、ivileged adj. 有特权的,受特殊优待的第 4 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全Those in authority were in a privileged position. 有位置自有特权；She comes from a privileged background. 她出身特权阶层；2 desire n./vi./ vt. 愿望；期望；欲望 n. a strong desire for power. 猛烈的权益欲 Enough money to satisfy all your desires 足够的钱来满意
20、你全部的欲望；She felt an overwhelming desire to return home. have desire to do 期望做某事 v. We all desire health and happiness. The house had everything you could desire. 要什么有什么；3hire vt. 雇佣,租用,出租 The young couple hired a wedding dress. hire a car/room/video /a lawyer/consultant 聘请律师 /顾问 She was hired three y
21、ears ago. 她是三年前录用的；He does the hiring and firing in our company. 他在我们负责员工的辞退的录用；4.performer n 表演者 Performance n. 表演,演出 The performance starts at seven. an evening performance 晚场演出 Perform v. 做,执行,履行；演出 To perform an experiment/ a miracle/ a ceremony 做试验 /创奇迹 /举办仪式 I d like to hear it performed live.
22、 我期望听现场演出；Perform magic tricks 表演魔术The play was first performed in 1987. 5. personnel n. 人员 /员工（1）（组织或军队中）全体人员,职员Skilled /trained personnel 娴熟的 /训练有素的人员Sales/technical/medical/security personnel 推销 /技术 /医务 /保安人员Army/military personnel 陆军 /军事人员（2）人事部门 the personnel department / manager 人事部门 /人事经理She
23、works in lersonnel. 她在人事部工作；Personal adj. 个人的,私人的,本人的personal belongings 私人财产6Tremble vi./n. 颤抖,颤抖 tremble with anger 气得颤抖v. My legs were trembling with fear. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全Her voice trembled with excitement. He opened the letter with excitement. n. The
24、re was a tremble in his voice. A tremble of excitement / fear 7. apply for 申请 Apply for a scholarship /visa 申请奖学金 /护照 Apply a theory to practice Apply oneself to 致力于Task 中学问点1 Status n. 位置；身份；情形,状态 Legal status 合法位置 Low status jobs 位置低下的工作To leave a high social status 拥有很高的社会位置Women are only asking
25、to be given equal status with men. 妇女只是追求得到和男人公平的位置；2 composer n.创作者,作曲家尤指古典音乐 compose v.1 组成,构成（一个整体）Ten men composed the committee. 委员会由十人组成（2）作曲,创作（音乐）Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died. 莫扎特在创作出他最终一部歌剧后不久便去世了；3 bachelor n.单身汉；学士学位a bachelor s /master s/doctor s degree a Bachelo
26、r of Arts/Engineering/Science 4 fame 名声,名誉,名气文学士 /工程学士 /理学士to win/achieve instant fane 立刻赢得名声 fame and fortune 名利project 中学问点1. essential adj. 1 本质的,实质的 The essential difference between us is that I take life seriously. 2 基本的；必需的 essential services such as shops and buses. 诸如商店,公交车之类的基本服务名师归纳总结 esse
27、ntial vitamins/minerals/nutrients 身体健康所必需的维生素/矿物质 /养分第 6 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全Light is essential for the healthy development of plants. 光对于植物的健康成长是必不行少的；2.decline n./vi. 衰弱；衰败v. Support for the party continues to decline. Decline steadily/ sharply/ rapidly/dramatically 稳
28、步下降 /快速下降n. a rapid/sharp/gradual/steep/dramatic decline 快速 /急剧 /逐步下降An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport. 3.trend n. 倾向,趋势,潮流 Economic/ social/political trends 经济 /社会 /政治趋势 We ve seen a trend towards more violent films this year. 我们看到今年有更加暴力的方向进展的趋势；The latest trends
29、in popular music. 流行音乐的最新趋势 4.discrimination n. sexual /age/racial discrimination 性别、年龄、种族鄙视discrimination against women 对女性的鄙视 4.promoter He is an enthusiastic promoter of good causes. 他是公益活动的热心推广者；Promote v.提升,晋级；促进,推广,促销 The band has gone on tour to promote their new album. 这个乐队开头巡回宣扬他们的新唱片；Promo
30、tion n.提升,提拔 Her job is mainly concerned with sales and promotion. 她的工作主要是营销和广告宣扬方面；5.make a fortune 发财,赚钱He made a fortune in real astate. 他在房地产上发了财；On one s way to fame and fortune 名利双收的路上 He made a considerable fortune by selling waste materials. 他靠卖废料发了财；inherit a large fortune 继承一大笔财产 seek one
31、s fortune 寻出路（喻）去淘金 try one s fortune 碰运气 fortune teller 占卜者,算命者 6. prayer n. 祈祷,祈求,愿望 He was a firm believer in the power of prayer. 名师归纳总结 他对祈祷的力气信无疑第 7 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全He arrived, as if in answer to her prayers. 他最终来了,似乎他的祷告很灵验；Evening/morning/daily prayers 早晚每日祷
32、告 A prayer for rain/successs/forgiveness 祈雨、祈求胜利、宽恕 Pray for They prayed for peace. Pray to God to do He prayed to God to save him. 7.cut short cut sb. short 打断某人说话 It s bad manners to cut someone short in a conversation. Cut sth short I m sorry we had to cut our visit short. 很遗憾,我们不得不缩短拜访时间；Cut dow
33、n 砍倒,夺去Cut up 切掉,切断,断绝 Cut off 删除 8.be drafted into 征召 入伍He was drafted into the army in 1982. draft vt. 起草,草拟；征召 入伍n.草稿The government s first task was to a new constitution for the country. first/final draft 初稿、终稿 I showed David a draft of the letter. 他给大卫看了信的草稿；9.regain You should soon regained yo
34、ur appetite. 你不久又会复原食欲；After losing the second set, Fowler regained his confidence and won the third set. 输掉第 2 轮后, fowler 又重拾信心,赢得了第 3 轮；Regain consciousness 复原知觉 10 Appeal n.1吸引力,感染力Mass/wide/popular appeal 对大众的 /广泛的 /普遍的感染力The Beatles have never really lost their appeal. The prospect of living in
35、 a city holds little appeal for me. （2）呼吁,诉请To launch a TV appeal for donations to the charity 通过电视呼吁为该慈善事业捐款v. The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups. 设计要雅俗共赏,老幼皆宜；Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全警方呼吁证人
36、要挺身而出；11Break up 解散,解体,分手 The meeting broke up at 11 o clock. Their marriage has broken up . 终止,破裂 The ship broke up on the rocks 船触礁撞碎了； （粉碎,破裂）Break down 出毛病 /抛锚 Break into 突然闯入 Break out （战争,火灾等）发生,爆发 Break out of 摆脱束缚12.phenomenon n. 现象phenomena 复数 Cultural/natural/social/phenomena 文化 /自然 /社会现象Terrorism is a phenomenon of the 20 th century. 恐惧主义是 20 世纪的现象；13 Mental Mental health/illness/problems Mental age 智力年龄 /心理年龄 Mental disorder/hospital 精神紊乱 /精神病院 She was suffering from physical and mental exhausitions. 她当时已经是筋疲力尽；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页