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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载中考英语复习 被动语态学问概要 一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的;英语中有两种语态: 主动语态和被动语态;主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;巧记为:主动、主动、主去动;例如: Many people speak English. 谓语: speak的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的;被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者,即行为动作的对象;巧记为:被动、被动、主被动;例如: English is spoken by many people.主语 English是动词 speak的承担者;主动态和被动态
2、指的是动词形式,是词法概念;而主动句和被动句就指的是句子结构,从而是句法概念; 所谓主动句就是由主动态动词 动词 词组 作谓语动词的句子;词组 作谓语动词的句子, 而被动句就是由被动态例如: He opened the door.他开了门; 主动句 The door was opened.门被开了; 被动句 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由 “助动词 be及物动词的过去分词 ” 构成;人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的 变化表现出来的;现以 teach 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成;一般现在时: amisaretaught 一般过去时: wasweretaught 一般将来时: will
3、shall betaught 现在进行时: amisare beingtaught 过去进行时: havehas beentaught 现在完成时: havehas beentaught 歌诀是:被动语态 be 字变,过去分词跟后面;三、被动语态的用法 1不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁;例如: Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了;不知道电脑是谁 偷的 This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于 1981 年;2强调动作的承担者,而不强调动作的执行者;名师归纳总结 - - - - -
4、 - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载例如: the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的;This book was written by him.这本书是他写的;Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天 8 小时睡眠必需得到保证;歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;2把谓语变成被动结构 be过去分词 ; 动作承担者需强调,被动语态运用到;依据被动语态句子里的主语的
5、人称和数,以及原先主动语态句子中动词的时态来打算 be的形式 ;3把主动语态中的主语放在介词 All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. by 之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格;例如:They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by 短语后面跟;谓语动词变被动, be 后“过分”来使用;五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由 态动词变成被动语态后 “ to
6、”仍要保留;“情态动词 be过去分词 ”构成,原先带 to 的情歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加 be 加“过分 ”,原先带 to 要保留;例如:We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away. They should do it at once. It should be done at once 历年考点例析 一、考查要点:主要考查一般现在时,一般过去时以及一般现在时带有情态动词的被
7、动语态的用法;例如:1. Today Chinese _by more and more people around the world. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A. was spoken B. is spoken C. spoke D. speak (北京市大纲卷)2. -What should we do first if we want to develop our village?-A lot of new roads _ ,I think. A. have to build B
8、. must build C. have built D. must be built (湖北黄冈)(Key:1. B 2. D)简析:被动语态的句子是由“ 助动词 be动词的过去分词” 这一形式构成的;过去分词 永久不变,全部的变化即人称、数、时态的变化,都表达在助动词 be 的变化上;二、特别情形:(一)在没有必要指出动作的执行者时,“ by动作的执行者”可以省略;1. I won t leave my office until my work. A. finish B. will finish C. are finished D. is finished (江苏南通)简析: D.动作的执
9、行者很明确,可以省略;(二)不知道动作的执行者是谁,使用被动语态比较相宜;2. Dad, the phone is ringing. I guess either you or Mum_on the phone. A. is wanted B. are wanted C. wants D. want (江苏宿迁)简析: A.不清晰动作的执行者,用被动语态;(三)用于被动语态的短语动词不行丢掉动词后面的介词或副词;3. Students cant take magazines out of the reading-room. (改为被动语态)Magazines can t_ the readin
10、g-room by students. (重庆市)简析:填 be taken out of.take out of为短语动词,变为被动语态后,不要漏掉out of. (四) 带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时,常有两种方法: 把主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前通常加介词 to 或 for;或把主动语态的间接宾语变为被动语态的 主语,直接宾语不变;4. My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year. (改为被动语态)A Christmas present _ to me by my uncle last year. (重庆市)名师归纳总结
11、 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载简析:填 was sent. 三、补充说明:(一)一般将来时的被动语态1. The village is building a school. I hope it _ before August this year. A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished (江西省大纲卷)简析: D.一般将来时的被动语态结构为:(二)现在完成时的被动语态will/shall be 及物动词的过去分词;2. Ch
12、ina s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _ Goodwill Ambassadors(亲善大使) for Shanghai. A. has been named B. have been named C. has named D. have named (江苏徐州)简析: B.现在完成时的被动语态的结构为:留意事项 1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态:have/has been 及物动词的过去分词;last ,have ,own .belong to ,suit, fine2.不及物动词是没有被动语态: happen ,take place
13、,appear , hold 容纳 3.系动词是没有被动语态:Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste . The dish tastes good . 4.有些词组没有被动语态: sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well This kind of skirt sells well. 5.need 表示需要时,后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义,相当于to be done . All the computers need repairing .= All the computers need _ _ _ . 6.在 too to 及 enough to 结构中有时表示被动意义;The problem is too difficult to solve. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页