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1、2022年中考英语复习新题速递之被动语态(2022年3月)一.选择题(共14小题)1. (2021 贵州)-More trees need to be planted in the northwest of China.-Yes.With enough trees, sandstorms (沙尘暴)could.()A. protectB. be protectedC. stopD. be stopped2. (2021 秋长丰县期末)More and more tall buildings in our city in the future.( )A. buildB. are builtC.
2、will buildD. will be built3. (2021 秋古县期末)Nowadays, there are many great changes in my hometown.Peoples lives are better and better.Schools and three hospitals two years ago.()A. is builtB. were builtC. was built4. (2021 秋凉州区期末)一Food safety is very important to us.一I think so.More rules about it in t
3、he future.()A. have madeB. should be madeC. should madeD. were made5. .(2021 秋新抚区期末)The little girl to cry at the street comer every day.()A. seesB. is seeingC. is seenD. saw6. (2021 秋静安区期末)The rubbishfrom the grass, and then the campsite was clean again.( )A , removedB. is removedC , was removedD.
4、be removed7. (2021 秋南开区期末)The modem world by Platos writings about life art and sciencetoday.()A. will influenceB. influencedC. was influencedD. is influenced8. (2021 秋市南区校级期末)Elders are supposed to by youngers politely.()C. talk backD. be talked to9.(2020 秋长沙期末)So far, over 200 million trees with t
5、he help of Alipay Ant Forest.( )A. were plantedB. have plantedC. have been planted10. (2021 秋崇义县期末)-I think its more and more important for us to protect our environment.-I agree with you. Air and water seriously.()A. is pollutedB. are pollutingC. pollutedD. are being polluted11. (2021 秋宿松县期末)Our te
6、acher says that the classroom must every day.( )A.cleanB.will cleanC.be cleaningD.be cleaned12. (2021 秋信都区期末)I think robots in everyday life in a few years* time.()A.will useB.will be usedC.useD.are used13. (2021 秋纳溪区期末)Now waste from daily life in many cities to be separated into fourdifferent grou
7、ps.()A. requiredB. is requiredC. are requiredD. was required14. (2021 秋西和县期末)You must make sure all the doors before you leave the classroom.()A. will lockB. are lockedD. have lockedC. are locking2022年中考英语复习新题速递之被动语态(2022年3月)参考答案与试题解析选择题(共14小题)1. (2021 贵州)-More trees need to be planted in the northw
8、est of China.-Yes.With enough trees, sandstorms (沙尘暴)could.()A. protectB. be protectedC. stopD. be stopped【考点】情态动词的被动语态.【分析】-中国西北部需要种植更多的树木。-是的。有了足够的树木,沙尘暴就可以被阻止。【解答】根据题干,可知主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态。句子有情态动词could,所 以动词形式是could be+过去分词。此处是指阻止沙尘暴,用动词stop。故选:D。【点评】熟悉情态动词被动语态的用法,结合题意,给出答案。2. (2021 秋长丰县期末)More and
9、more tall buildings in our city in the future.( )A. buildB. are builtC. will buildD. will be built【考点】一般将来时的被动语态.【分析】未来,我们城市将建造越来越多的高楼。【解答】根据时间状语in the future可知,句子的时态为一般将来时态;又因主语tall buildings和谓语动词build建造之间是被动关系,故句子为一般将来时态的被动语态, 其构成是will be done。build的过去分词为builto故选:D。【点评】根据时间状语和语境判断时态,根据主语和动词之间的主被动关
10、系判断语态。3. (2021 秋古县期末)Nowadays, there are many great changes in my hometown.Peoples lives are better and better.Schools and three hospitals two years ago.()A. is builtB. were builtC. was built【考点】一般过去时的被动语态;主谓一致.【分析】如今,我的家乡发生了很大的变化。人们的生活越来越好。学校和三所医院是 两年前建成的。【解答】根据时间状语two years ago可知最后一句的时态为一般过去时态;句子的
11、主语 是Schools and three hospitals,和动词build之间是被动关系,故此句为一般过去时态的被 动语态,其构成是:was/were+过去分词。Schools and three hospitals是可数名词复数,故 用were: build的过去分词是builto故选:Bo【点评】根据时间状语和语境判断时态,根据主语和动词之间的主被动关系判断语态。4. (2021 秋凉州区期末)Food safety is very important to us.I think so.More rules about it in the future.()A , have made
12、B. should be madeC. should madeD. were made【考点】情态动词的被动语态.【分析】-食品安全对我们来说非常重要。-我是这样认为的。未来应该制定更多相关规则。【解答】根据More rules about it in the future.可知是指:未来应该制定更多相关规则。主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态。结合句意:未来应该制定更多相关规则。所 以是should be+过去分词。故选:Bo【点评】熟悉情态动词被动语态的用法,结合题意,给出答案。5. (2021 秋新抚区期末)The little girl to cry at the street corne
13、r every day.()A. seesB. is seeingC. is seenD. saw【考点】一般现在时的被动语态.【分析】有人看见这个小女孩每天在街角哭。【解答】根据空格后的to cry结合选项中的动词see可知短语be seen to do sth.被看见做 某事,根据时间状语every day可知用一般现在时的被动语态,其构成是am/is/are+过去 分词,主语是第三人称单数,be动词用is, see的过去分词是seen。故选:Co【点评】解答此类试题时,务必根据题目的要求,在准确理解句子意思的前提下,结合时态和语态准确作答。6. (2021 秋静安区期末)The rubb
14、ishfrom the grass and then the campsite was clean again.( )A , removedB. is removedC , was removedD. be removed【考点】一般过去时的被动语态.【分析】垃圾从草地上被移走,露营地又干净了。【解答】根据and then the campsite was clean again可知and前后的句子时态为一般过去时 态;首句的主语是rubbish,和动词remove之间是被动关系,故此句为一般过去时态的 被动语态,其构成是:was/were+过去分词。rubbish是不可数名词,故用was;
15、remove 的过去分词是removedo故选:Co【点评】根据时间状语和语境判断时态,根据主语和动词之间的主被动关系判断语态。7. (2021 秋南开区期末)The modern worldby Platos writings about life, art and sciencetoday.()A. will influenceB. influencedC. was influencedD. is influenced【考点】一般现在时的被动语态.【分析】现代世界受到柏拉图关于生活、艺术和科学的著作的影响。【解答】根据句意:现代世界受到柏拉图关于生活、艺术和科学的著作的影响。可知主 语是动
16、作的承受者,用被动语态。由句意可知时态是一般过去时,主语The modern world 接is+过去分词。故选:Do【点评】熟悉一般现在时被动语态的用法,结合题意,给出答案。8. (2021 秋市南区校级期末)Elders are supposed to by youngers politely.()A. talk toB. be talkedC. talk backD. be talked to【考点】语态的辨析;动词短语.【分析】年轻人应该礼貌地对长辈说话。【解答】根据句意:年轻人应该礼貌地对长辈说话。be supposed to do sth应该做某事,是被动语态,后面接不定式,tal
17、k to sb和某人说话。故选:Do【点评】熟悉动词短语的用法以及语态辨析,结合题意,给出答案。9.(2020秋长沙期末)So far, over 200 million trees with the help of Alipay Ant Forest.( )A. were plantedB. have plantedC. have been planted【考点】现在完成时的被动语态.【分析】到目前为止,在支付宝蚂蚁林的帮助下,已经种植了超过2亿棵树。【解答】根据题干,可知主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态。由S。far可知,时态是现 在完成时。主语是复数,故动词是have been+过去分词。
18、 故选:C.【点评】熟悉被动语态的用法,结合题意,给出答案。10. (2021 秋崇义县期末)-I think its more and more important for us to protect our environment.- I agree with you.Air and water seriously.()A. is pollutedB. are pollutingC. pollutedD. are being polluted【考点】现在进行时的被动语态.【分析】-我认为保护环境对我们来说越来越重要了。-我同意你的看法。空气和水正在被严重污染。【解答】根据题干,可知主语是动
19、作的承受者,用被动语态。时态是现在进行时,主语是 Air and water, 接 are being+过去分词。故选:D。【点评】熟悉现在进行时被动语态的用法,结合题意,给出答案。11. (2021 秋宿松县期末)Our teacher says that the classroom must every day.( )A. cleanB. will cleanC. be cleaningD. be cleaned【考点】情态动词的被动语态.【分析】我们的老师说教室必须每天打扫。【解答】根据题干,可知主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态。句中有情态动词must,故 动词是must be+过去分词。
20、故选:D。【点评】熟悉情态动词被动语态的用法,结合题意,给出答案。12. (2021 秋信都区期末)I think robots in everyday life in a few years time.()A. will useB. will be usedC. useD. are used【考点】一般将来时的被动语态.【分析】我认为几年后机器人将在日常生活中使用。【解答】题干是主从复合句,主句是Ithink,从句的主语是robots,空格上需要填一个谓 语动词。in后接一段时间常用于一般将来时的时态中,因此可排除C和D。主语是robots, 应使用被动语态,因此本题正确答案是B。故选:Bo
21、【点评】解答本题要首先分析句子结构,弄清句子使用的时态和语态。13. (2021 秋纳溪区期末)Now waste from daily life in many cities to be separated into fourdifferent groups.()A. requiredB. is requiredC. are requiredD. was required【考点】一般现在时的被动语态;主谓一致.【分析】现在,许多城市的日常生活垃圾被要求分成四个不同的组。【解答】根据题干,可知主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态。时态是一般现在时,主语 是waste,为不可数名词,接is+过去分词。
22、故选:B,【点评】熟悉一般现在时被动语态的用法,结合题意,给出答案。14. (2021 秋西和县期末)You must make sure all the doors before you leave the classroom.()A. will lockB. are lockedC. are lockingD. have locked【考点】一般现在时的被动语态.【分析】离开教室前,你必须确保所有的门都锁好。【解答】根据时句意和从句before you leave the classroom,可确定此题为般现在时态; 主句中的宾语从句的主语the doors和动词lock是被动关系,故句子
23、的语态为一般现在时 态的被动语态,其结构是:am/is/are/+过去分词。lock的过去分词为locked。故选:Bo【点评】理解句意的基础上,把握关键词,把握时态的考点,得出答案。考点卡片1 .动词短语【概念】动词短语:动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心),表达一个概念,其作 用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配.在实际使用中,通常会把动词短语当成一个整体.【用法】(1)动词+副词:在动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置 于动词和副词之间.而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间.例:First put some
24、 salt into the water and then.()A. mix them up B. mix up them C. mix it up D. mix up it分析:首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.解答:分析句子,结合选项,推测意思是首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.这里salt 是不可数名词,用it指代,放在中间,故选C.(2)动词+副词+介词:在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上 相当于一个及物动词.它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后.例:She is planning her project. Lets hel
25、p her some good ideas.()A. come out B. come up C. come up with D. catch up with分析:她正在计划她的项目,让我们帮助她想出一些好主意.解答:come out出来,出现,出版,come up发生,上来,come up with想出,catch up with 追上,赶上;结合句意”她正在计划她的项目,让我们帮助她想出一些好主意.可知,要用 是一般现在时,help后面跟动词原形,故答案为C.其它三个选项语意不通.(3)动词+名词:这类动词短语中的常见动词是have, take, give, make等,后面的名词通常是从
26、动词转化而 来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义.例:The old man, and he wants to see a doctor now.()A. has feverB. have a feverC. has a fever D. has fevers分析:这位老人发烧了,他现在想去看医生.解答:考查动词短语.have a fever是固定短语,意思是发烧:结合句意这位老人发烧, 他现在想去看医生.可知,要用是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人 称单数形式,故答案为C.(4) be+形容词+介词:be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后
27、面,形容词 是短语动词的真正词义.例:This pair of shoes hand.()A. is made with B. are made from C. are made of D. is made by分析:这双鞋是手工做的.解答:考查动词短语.A用.什么东西制造.B.由制造(看不出原材料).C.由制造 (看出原材料).D.由制造(由某人).结合语境”这双鞋是手工做的.可知,由双手制造,用is made by.选D.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查动词短语的用法,意义相近的动词短语、但容易混淆的短语、常用动词 短语.这些是考查的重点.2. 一般现在时的被动语态【概念】(1)一般现在
28、时的被动语态:表示习惯性,经常性或者反复出现的被动动作.(2)被动语态:被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系.英语 的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示 主语是动作的承受者.被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及 物动词才有被动语态.汉语往往用被”、受“、给等被动词来表示被动意义.被动语态由” 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.(3)及物动词:在英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可以把动词分成两种:及物动词与不及物动词.字典里 词后标有vt.的就是及物动词,字典里词后标有vi.
29、的就是不及物动词.不及物动词后不 能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语),若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to, of, at后方可跟上宾语.及物动词可直接跟宾语.【结构】一般现在时的被动语态结构形式:主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词.助动词am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词+ (by+宾语),其中by意为被;由,表动作 的执行者.如: The plants in his garden are watered by the gardener every day.花园里的植物每天被园丁浇水.其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样.如:The plants
30、 in his garden are watered by the gardener every day (肯定式).The plants in his garden are not watered by the gardener every day.(否定式)Are the plants in his garden watered by the gardener every day? (疑问式)Yes, they are. /No. they arent.【用法】(1)一般现在时态,在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下,可用被动 语态.例: What a nice classr
31、oom!It every day.()A. is cleaningB. has cleanedC. is cleaned分析:-多么好的教室啊!-它每天都被打扫.解答:C.考查被动语态.句意多么好的教室啊!-它每天都被打扫.A正在打扫.B已经打扫.C被打扫.主语it代指classroom教室.it是动词clean打扫,的承受者, 表示被打扫,用一般现在时态的被动语态.结构是is/am/are+动词的过去分词.主语it.用 is. clean的过去分词是cleaned.选C.点评:被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,被动语态由be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成,be动 词的单复数要与主语的单复数保持
32、一致,还要注意时态及过去分词的变法.(2) 一般现在时态,要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态. 例: As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese in more and more schools out of ourcountry.()分析:因为中国变得越来越强大,国外越来越多的学校里都教汉语.解答:B根据As China grows stronger and stronger可知,此句为一般现在时态,又因为主语是Chinese 是动词teach的承受者,应该用一般现在时态的被动语态.一般现在时态的被动语态的构成 是:am/is/are
33、+动词的过去分词,主语是名词单数,所以用助动词用is,故选B.点评:判断动词的时态,要通过所给的时间状语或语境去判断动词存在的状态;判断动词的 语态,要看看主语是谓语动词的执行者还是承受者,要记住各种时态和语态的结构形式.注 意主语的单复数情况.例:We call maths the language of science.(改为被动语态)Maths is called the language of science.分析:我们把数学称为科学的语言.数学被称为科学的语言.解答:is called本题考查一般现在时被动语态的句子结构.一般现在时的被动语态谓语部分:am/is/are+动 词的过去
34、分词,主语是maths中的s不表示复数.为单数名词,即主语为第三人称单数形式 故填 is called点评:熟悉被动语态的句子结构.主动语态改成被动语态方法.可以遵循以下几个步骤:1.将 主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语:2.谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词,并通过 be的变化来表达出不同的时态;3.主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放 在被动结构中的谓语动词之后.(本题by+施动者的短语已经省略)【易混淆点】一般现在时与现在进行时的被动语态:一般现在时的被动语态表示现在经常性、习惯性的被动动作或现在的状态,强调长期性、稳 定性.现在进行时的被动语态指现在此刻或现在这一时期内正
35、在进行的被动动作,强调暂时 性、不稳定性.She is usually woken up at six oclock.(经常性、习惯性的被动动作)She is being woken up now.(现在此刻正在发生的被动动作)【解题方法点拨】当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,如果题干有时间状语often、usually, always sometimes 等频率副词,或者 on Saturdays、in the moming/aftemoon/evening, every day 等.可以根据 这些时间状语来确定为一般现在时态的被动语态.如果没有时间状语,则根据语境判断句 子时态和语态.掌握复合
36、句中谓语动词时态语态的用法,特别是if引导的条件状语从句,用一般现在时 态表示将来.【中考命题方向】一般现在时的被动语态,中考英语试题常考,并且是中考考查的重点,经常在单选题,词汇 运用,翻译,句型转换,动词应用题,完形填空等题型中出现,几乎各种题型都曾出现过.值 得大家重视.3. 一般过去时的被动语态【概念】(1)一般过去时的被动语态:表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作.(2)被动语态:被动语态:(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系.英语 的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示 主语是
37、动作的承受者.被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及 物动词才有被动语态.汉语往往用“被”、”受、给等被动词来表示被动意义.被动语态由” 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.(3)及物动词:在英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可以把动词分成两种:及物动词与不及物动词.字典里 词后标有vt.的就是及物动词,字典里词后标有vi.的就是不及物动词.不及物动词后不 能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语),若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to, of, at后方可跟上宾语.及物动词可直接跟宾语.【结构】一般过去时的被动语态结构形式:主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词.助动词
38、was/were+及物动词的过去分词+ (by+宾语),其中by意为被:由表动作 的执行者.如: Two books were written by Mr. Green last year.格林先生去年写了两本书.其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样.例:Two books were written by Mr. Green last year.(肯定式)Two books were not written by Mr. Green last year. (否定式)Were two books were written by Mr. Green last year?(疑问
39、式) Yes, they were. /No, they werent.【用法】一般过去时,在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下,可用被动语态. 如:I was invited to Anna*s birthday party last month.上个月我被邀请去参加安娜的生日聚会了.一般过去时,要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态.例:I cleaned my teeth twice before I got to bed last night.(变被动语态)My teeth were cleaned twice before I got to bed last ni
40、ght.分析:昨晚上床睡觉前我刷了两次牙.昨晚上床睡觉前,我的牙齿刷了两次.解答:My teeth were cleaned twice before I got to bed last night, my teeth 是动词 clean 的承受 者,够成被动关系,结合时态一般过去时用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词,主 语 my teeth 复数,故 were, clean 的过去分词 cleaned,故答案是 My teeth were cleaned twice before I got to bed last night.点评:一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分
41、词的呈现,课下要理解记忆各种被动语态的 构成.【易混淆点】一般过去时的被动语态与现在完成时的被动语态的区别:一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去的某个时候,其结果对现在没有影 响;而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现 在造成的影响和结果.A new school was built by them last year.(发生在去年的被动动作)A new school has been built by them for two years.(表示结果已经被建成)【解题方法点拨】当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,如果题干有时间状语yesterday
42、 (昨天),the day before yesterday (前天),last (上一个),just now (刚刚)a moment ago (刚刚),at the age of (当岁时),long ago (早已),once upon a time (很久以前),(如:two days) +ago (之 前),准确时间(如:June25th 2010等),when (当的时候)when I was five (当我五岁 时)等.可以根据这些时间状语来确定为一般过去时态的被动语态.如果没有时间状语,则根据语境判断句子时态和语态.掌握复合句中谓语动词时态语态的用法,特别是含有宾语从句的复合
43、句中.【中考命题方向】一般过去时态的被动语态是中考考查的重点,经常在词汇填空,单选题,英汉互译,动词应 用题,完形填空等中考查,题型灵活多样.4. 一般将来时的被动语态【概念】(1) 一般将来时的被动语态:表示将要发生的被动动作.(2)被动语态:被动语态:(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系.英语 的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示 主语是动作的承受者.被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及 物动词才有被动语态.汉语往往用被、受、给等被动词来表示被动意义.被动语态由” 助动词be+及
44、物动词的过去分词”构成.(3)及物动词:在英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可以把动词分成两种:及物动词与不及物动词.字典里 词后标有vt.的就是及物动词,字典里词后标有vi.的就是不及物动词.不及物动词后不 能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语),若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to, of, at后方可跟上宾语.及物动词可直接跟宾语.【结构】一般将来时的被动语态结构形式:主语+be going to/will/shall (第一人称)+be+及物动词的 过去分词.例:The problem will be discussed one by one at the meeting.会议上我们将会
45、一个一个的讨论这些问题.主语+be going to/will/shall (第一人称)+be+ (by+宾语),其中by意为被;由,表 动作的执行者.例: The results of the survey will be published in the newspapers.调查的结果将会在报纸上被公布.其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则.如: The results of the survey will be published in the newspapers.(肯定式)The results of the survey will not be published in the n
46、ewspapers.(否定式)Will the results of the survey be published in the newspapers? (疑问式)Yes, they will. /No, they wont.【用法】(1)一般将来时态,在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下,可用被动 语态.列: A new school will be built here next year.明年一所新学校将会在这里建成.(2) 一般将来时,要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态.例:We will invite Mr. Black to our fashion sho
47、w.(改为被动语态)Mr. Black will be invited to our fashion show.分析:布莱克先生将被邀请去我们的时装展.解答:be invited.主语Mr. Black是动词invite的承受者,构成被动关系,结合时态是一般 将来时,故用一般将来时的被动语态will+be+过去分词,故答案是be invited.点评:被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.被动语态的时态变化只改变be 的形式,过去分词部分不变.疑问式和否定式的变化也如此.(3)用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,此时应用一般现在时的被动语态形式代替一般 将来时被动语态.如:She wont go to