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1、2022年职称英语-理工-A类每日一练07-02-职称英语-理工-A类1、Contact your doctor if the cough persistsA. insistsB. perseveresC. continuesD. resists2、He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee.A. spreadB. openC. showD. examineMicrochip Research Center CreatedA research center has been set up in this Far Easter
2、n country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology. The center, which will start out with about US $14 million, will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new te
3、chnology for domestic chip plants. The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the countrys flagship chipmaker.1Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because ma
4、ny foreign governments dont allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes. Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology providers are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance2. As mainstream chip productio
5、n technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years3,plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while4plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker. More than 10 chip plants are
6、being built, each costing millions of US dollars.5The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners mainly from Japan and Singapore. Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry,6the country admits the US $14 million investment
7、is still rather small. This country is developing comprehensive technologies. Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property7owners.词汇：microchip / makr()tp/n微芯片flagship / flgp/n（用作定语）首位，最好mainstream / menstri:m /n主流marginalize / m:dnlaz /v忽视，边缘化ve
8、ndor / vend:(r), -d(r) /n卖主注释：1The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the countrys flagship chipmaker：这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的技术的困境。（1）free . from . ：把从解放出来（2）situa
9、tion that = situation in which（3）said the countrys flagship chipmaker：把“谁说的”放在句末，是为了突出“The advent . other countries”所表达的事实。注意放在句末时用的是倒装句：said the countrys flagship chipmaker。2self-reliance：自力更生3every three to five years：每隔35年4while：而（表示对比）5More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing milli
10、ons of US dollars：十几个芯片厂正在建设之中，每一个厂的造价都在几百万美元。each costing millions of US dollars是独立分词结构，用作状语，进一步说明情况。6Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry：如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的（被动）形势中起重要作用Shouldin the industry是虚拟条件句，也可写成If the new center should play a major role in imp
11、roving the situation in the industry .7intellectual property：知识产权3、Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedStudy Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the
12、eastern Mediterranean1 is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria2 in AD3 365.Using radiocarbon dating techniques, simulations and computer models, the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible
13、 fault. “We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake, ”said Ms. Beth Shaw, an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge, who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to determine the future possibility of similar large shocks.Iden
14、tifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region, Ms. Shaw said. The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete4 last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300, which means the next powerful one could come in th
15、e next 100 years, she added in a telephone interview.Ms. Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion, she said. Their computer model suggest
16、ed an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would produce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa, the southern coast of Greece5 and Sicily6 all the way up the Adriati7 to Dubrovnik8. This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in
17、 much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta9, likely killing tens of thousands of people, she said.词汇：fault / flt / n. 断层radiocarbon / ,redkb()n / n. 放射性碳interval / ntvl/ n. 间隔destruction / dstrkn/ n. 破坏，毁灭tsunami / tsunm /n.海啸simulation / ,smjlen/n. 模拟magnitud
18、e/ mgntjud / n. 等级unleash/ nli/ v. 放出，释放注释：1. the eastern Mediterranean: 地中海东部2. Alexandria:阿里山大埃及北部港市3. AD: 公元后（AD是拉丁文 Anno Domini首字母的所写）4. Crete: 希腊克里特岛5. Greece: 希腊6. Sicily: 意大利西西里岛7. Adriati:亚得利亚海8. Dubrovnik: 杜布罗夫尼克克罗地亚港市9. Nile Delta:尼鲁河三角洲 埃及4、Scientists predict that the next powerful earthq
19、uake in the eastern Mediterranean may take place some time before 2100.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedMaglev Trains1 A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation1, which means that these trains float ov
20、er a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.2 If youve ever played with magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other2. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar t
21、o other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery3. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either
22、 end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.3 The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system: A large electrical power source, metal coils lining a guide way or tra
23、ck, and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.4 The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4. The engine for maglev trains is
24、rather innoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combines to propel the trains5.5 The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the trains undercarriage, allowing
25、the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway. Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway
26、walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.6 Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, eliminati
27、ng friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph, or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train. At 500 kph, you could travel from ParistoRomein just over two hours.词汇：levitate / levtet / v. 悬浮line /lain/ v.排列成行elect
28、rified / lektrfad / v.使带电propel / prpel / vt. 推进levitation / levten / n. 悬浮underside / ndsad / n.下侧，下面magnetize / mntaz / v. 使带磁propulsion / prpln / n. 推进guideway / gadwe / n. 导向槽undercarriage / ndkrd / n. 车盘注释:1. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation :maglev 是magnetic levitation 的缩略词。2. opposite
29、poles attract and like poles repel each other: 异极相吸，同极相斥3. AA-cell battery：5号电池4. at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks: 至少不是沿着轨道拉动典型的火车车厢的那种发动机。5. the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combine to propel t
30、he train:由嵌入导向壁内的电磁线圈产生的磁场加上轨道，一起推动火车前进。 The magnetic field 和the track 是句子主语，createdy the electrified coils in the guideway walls是过去分词短语，用作定语，修饰the magnetic field.A to develop a maglev train rail system B to explain why maglev trains are fasterC to pull and push the train forwardD to create a magnet
31、ic fieldE to experiment with the maglev trainF to travel from ParistoRomein about two hours5、A unique system of magnetic fields is created by the coils_.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FWhen Our Eyes Serve Our StomachOur senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world；theyre affecte
32、d by whats going on in our heads1. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people whove just eaten.Psychologists have known for decades that whats going on, inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, an
33、d hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis2，France，wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brains high-level thinking processes get involved.Rade
34、l recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index3. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch
35、first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students cou
36、ld only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word，each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words theyd seen a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to rea
37、lly read it.Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception4, not in thinking processes, Radel says.“This is something great to
38、 me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of5 our motives and needs,” Radel says.词汇：threshold / rehld / n.起点，开端；门槛disposal / dspzl / n.处理,处置;配置neutral / nju:trl / adj.中性的；中立的motive / mtv / n.动机，目的s
39、trive / strav / v.努力，力求;斗争注释：1.Our senses aren t just delivering a strict view of . in our heads:这个句子的大概意思是:我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界;五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。2.University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis:法国尼斯索菲亚安提波利斯大学，简称尼斯大学，1965年经法国政令正式宣布成立。尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7处主校园，另外，还在索菲亚安提波利斯市(Sophia Antipolis)、戛纳市（Cannes)和芒东市（Menton)设有校区。索菲亚安提波
40、利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区，是许多髙等学府的所在地。3.body mass index:身体质量指数4.in perception：感知5.at the disposal of:受到的控制6、What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find?A. Hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people.B. Hungry people are always thinking of food-related words.C. Hungry people are m
41、ore sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.D. Hungry people do not have lower-level of thinking process.Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much funand it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to1 most of that youthful vigor even
42、 if we dont start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvena
43、tion wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins2.Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for
44、a month when they were 34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production4probab
45、ly bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes.“This is the first indica
46、tion that thee effects kick in5 pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D. C.No one yet knows if calorie works in people as it does in mice, bus Spindler is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says.If it
47、does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, out bodies are les efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off is worth it6. “The mice get less disease, they live longer but theyre hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: I can only eat half of that.”Spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Ge